Представлено керамічний комплекс із зольника 1 та інших споруд пізньоархаїчного часу археологічного комплексу Вікторівка (2012—2017 рр.). Використання всієї
\nпобутової (без фрагментів амфор) кераміки дозволило
\nпоказати місце ліпного посуду в кухонній керамічній групі. Виявлено особливості керамічного заповнення зольника 1 та визначено дві генетичні групи у ліпній кераміці
\nпам’ятки.

In a number of the Cherniakhiv–Sîntana-de-Mureş culture inhumations items or sets of garment or footwear were found separately from the skeleton, next to it or in the grave filling. According to the classification of grave goods by its functional purpose, a garment belongs to personal things of the deceased. The garment has never been considered as an independent sociological feature, but only together with vessels-“offerings”. In the article, it is hypothesized that placement of additional item or set of garments or footwear in a grave is an independent sociological feature — a feature of a high social ranked grave. The additional items or sets of garment or footwear were found in nine graves (their descriptions are given in the Appendix). The garment with a fibula and probably a cloak were placed in men’s graves (Nos. 3, 7), while clothes with two fibulae, like a Roman stola — in graves of women of different ages (Nos. 1, 2, 4, 6, 9). Clothes, a bag or a pair of shoes were placed next to the head of an elderly woman (No. 8). The listed burials belong to the period not earlier than the third phase of the Cherniakhiv culture relative chronology, proposed by Ye. L. Horokhovskyi, i.e. to the second third of the 4th century and later. Most of the discussed graves belong to the 3rd and 3rd«a» archaeological-sociological types after N. M. Kravchenko. The exception is a grave of Independents No. 13, which belongs to the 2nd type after N. M. Kravchenko. The placement in the grave of a garment stock or footwear was a reflection of intention to provide the deceased with necessary things — a manifestation of care for the deceased or conversely of the intention to dispose from his/her personal things. The question about the Cherniakhiv–Sîntana-de-Mureş culture footwear, about ideas and beliefs connected with it, deserves special attention.

Almost all models of the palaeoeconomical researches used by representatives of the world economic science are suitable for studying the economic systems of antiquity. Interdisciplinary research, which combines the techniques and methods of research in economics and archaeology, seems to be very productive. This trend in the English language literature has been recorded only since 1990-ies. In Ukrainian archaeology it originated much earlier. On the example of the scientific biography of Borys Andriiovych Shramko, Doctor of Historical Sciences, the founder of the Kharkiv Archaeological school, who would have turned 100 in January 2021, the formation of the palaeoeconomic direction can be traced. The main problems that were posed and solved by the researcher are shown. It is noted that all the activities of the scientist were «targeted» in nature, i.e. before the start of excavations of the complex of the archaeological monuments in the vicinity of the Bilsk hill-fort, the largest settlement structure in Eastern Europe, B. A. Shramko set himself the task of studying the economic system of the region. The achievements of the scientist in the study of agriculture, cattle breeding, crafts, domestic crafts, construction are shown. To study these branches of the economy, the methods of natural sciences were widely used, i.e. research by B. A. Shramko, since 1960-ies have had an interdisciplinary character. It is concluded that B. A. Shramko was the first in Ukraine who conducted a study of the palaeoeconomics using the method of economic research. Moreover, it can be noted that B. A. Shramko proved the participation of the region he studied in the world-system structures that developed in the early Iron Age.

The different opinions have been put forward about the neolithization of the Azerbaijan. Some researchers note that the South Caucasus’ Neolithic culture is related to Mesopotamia by origin; some note that this culture developed based on local traditions. New researches conducted in the territory of Nakhchivan are essential for solving these problems. New excavations conducted in Kultepe I, located near the city of Nakhchivan, led to the discovery of new facts related to the peopling history of this site and the peculiarities of the Kultepe culture. Studies show that there were various centers of Neolithic cultures’ formation in the VII—VI millennia BC in Azerbaijan. Moreover, the Kultepe is the oldest ceramic Neolithic site in the South Caucasus. Outputs of these studies indicate that Azerbaijan’s Neolithic cultures have no sources in the Middle East’s monuments.