The Pisidia region has historically served as a crossroads of cultures and routes, making the presence of diverse tomb types shaped by various cultural influences unsurprising. The subject of this study –the Hoyran rock-cut tomb with a triangular pediment and the Sağır rock-cut tombs– are located in the northeastern part of Pisidia, near the political boundary of Phrygia. The Hoyran rock-cut tomb with a triangular pediment is the sole example of monumental rock-cut tombs in the region that features reliefs imitating wooden architecture. Situated on a cliff face overlooking the lake, the façade of this monumental tomb is accompanied by four additional rock-cut tombs in the surrounding area. These smaller-scale tombs, characterized by their plain façades, are dateable to the Roman period. Thus, the area evolved into a necropolis composed of rock-cut tombs that transcend chronological boundaries. The Hoyran tomb, dated to the early Iron Age and exhibiting Phrygian influence, underwent a transformation during the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) period into a rock-cut chapel and continued to function as a church until recent times. The two rock-cut tombs located in the village of Sağır, northeast of the Hoyran necropolis, also reflect the influence of the Phrygian rock-cut tomb tradition. These tombs, notable for their architectural features, have damaged façades; however, the burial chambers preserve reliefs that imitate wooden architecture, linking them culturally and stylistically to the Hoyran rock-cut tomb with a triangular pediment.

This study focuses on an unsealed clay stopper unearthed during the excavations at İkiztepe. Clay stoppers were used to seal containers made of organic or inorganic materials, storage units, or doorways, and were associated with daily practices such as transport, storage, or protection of contents. While the majority of these objects bear seal impressions, there are also unsealed examples. Seal-impressed stoppers, commonly referred to as cretulae, often display stamp impressions representing individuals of hierarchical status or institutional authority, and are typically associated with administrative functions. In contrast, clay stoppers lacking seal impressions appear to fall outside this formal system and may initially seem “less significant.” However, such unsealed stoppers may offer insights into the early phases of organizational systems. Though lacking seal marks, these examples were produced using similar materials and techniques as their sealed counterparts. This study evaluates the technical features and potential functions of an unsealed clay stopper found at İkiztepe.

In this paper, the marble head of a young man, reportedly unearthed in 1986 in Sillyon (ancient Pamphylia, modern-day Antalya, Türkiye), is examined. The head is currently housed in the Antalya Museum. The head, crafted from white-greyish marble and measuring 47.5 cm in height, depicts a youthful, clean-shaven man with distinct physiognomic features. An oval face with deep-set almond-shaped eyes gazes upward, and a unique arrangement of wavy hair strands forms an atypical anastole. The sharp rightward turn of the neck and the remnant of a chlamys stand out. Stylistic analysis and analogy suggest that the head should be associated with known portraits of Alexander the Great, particularly early depictions of him as a crown prince. Yet deviations in hairstyle and neck posture suggest a posthumous reinterpretation. Technical features and drill marks suggest a production date in the 2nd century BC, potentially during the period of the Diadochi.

Our knowledge of Antalya’s foreign trade both in the 17th century and in the periods before and after this century is quite limited. In this century, Ottoman maritime trade was concentrated in ports such as Izmir and Alexandria, which had better equipment and commodity diversity capacities compared to Antalya. However, Antalya was one of the first consulates opened in the Levant by France, which replaced Venice in the Eastern Mediterranean trade. Except for a ten-year period (1644-1655), which remains uncertain despite its commercial weakness, this study focuses on the French efforts and justifications for establishing a foothold in Antalya throughout the 17th century. In the light of consular correspondence, other French sources, and Ottoman archival documents, commercial activities, items of manufactured goods, and raw materials exported from the city’s port have been identified. Documents containing especially commercial records of a limited number of ships departing from the port of Antalya allow us to observe the commercial traffic between France and Antalya during this period. In addition, the size and volume of this trade can be determined greatly through the cotime tax imposed on the cargo of French ships. All these efforts of France, which almost monopolized the foreign trade of the city, will be examined in detail and comprehensively in terms of both the institutional structure and the commercial connections it undertook. A determination of Antalya’s commercial place and importance in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 17th century will be attempted.

Antalya is one of the youngest major port cities of the Mediterranean, but its origins are among the most poorly understood. A pair of misconceptions hinders study and perhaps even documentation of Hellenistic and early Roman Attaleia. First, contrary to scholarly pessimism, there is much to learn about the early city’s history and archaeology, both in the Old Town (Kaleiçi) and in the hinterland. We consider here afresh most of the old evidence: Strabo on the foundation of the city by Attalos II Philadelphos and the migration of Trojan Cilicians into western Pamphylia, early bronze coinage featuring Poseidon (it is argued) holding a dolphin, and pre-Roman remains at Ören Tepe and the upper site of Döşeme Boğazı. We gather together the fragments of the earliest public architecture found in Kaleiçi – aspects of the city’s presentation to the sea, namely, von Lanckoro ski’s location i and the façade of the Keçili Parkı / Yanık Hastane. These are highlighted and preliminarily described in an effort to join old evidence to new, including the results of the many salvage excavations undertaken in Kaleiçi since the turn of the millennium. Second, the scholarly cliché that extols the virtues of the city’s location is not only misleading, but it also mischaracterizes the nature of Attalid and Roman imperial intervention here. Large-scale urbanism in this ecology required an injection of resources and a reconfiguration of settlement and mobility, both of which, it is argued, have left their mark.

Pisidia Antiokheia Men tapınağı ve kutsal alanında, tapınağın doğusunda ana girişe gelen yolun kenarında, yan yana sıralanmış yedi tane hazine binası bulunmaktadır. Bu binalarda 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında gerçekleştirilen kazılarda, birçok seramik ve mermer heykeltraşlık eserlerin yanı sıra çok sayıda mermer adak levhası da açığa çıkarılmıştır. Adak levhalarının büyük bir bölümü kırık parçalar halinde binaların içerisine dağılmış iken, 5 numaralı binada; iki tanesi insitu ve sağlam; 7 numaralı binada; iki adet levha tümlenebilecek biçimde kırık ele geçti. Tapınağın temenosunda yapılan kazı çalışmalarında da onlarca adak levhası parçası görüldü. Bu parçalar içerisinden adak yazıtı okunabilen bir örnek seçildi ve hazine binalarında bulunan sağlam levhalarla birlikte çalışmaya konu edildi. Üçgen alınlıklı, tapınak cephesi biçiminde modellendirilmiş olan levhaların, alınlık bölümünde ağzı yukarı bakan hilal; gövdelerinde ise omuzlarından ayça çıkan Tanrı Men ya da tanrının sembolü hilaller işlenmiştir. Adak yazıtları, sadece kimlerin adadığı bilgisini verirken niçin adandığıyla ilgili bilgi içermez. 5 numaralı hazine binasında bulunan iki levha, binanın içindeki sunu sekisinin cephesine atlı tanrı Men’in iki tarafına yapıştırılmış biçimde bulundu. Diğer ikisi 7 numaralı binada dağınık bir biçimde ele geçerken; temenosun içerisindeki ise önceki yıllarda kazılıp yığılmış toprak yığının içerisinden çıktı. Levhaların bulunduğu hazine binalarının son kullanım tarihi, İmparator Julianus dönemidir. MS 3. ve 4. yüzyıl başlarına tarihlendirilen levhalar, erken dönemde bir yere aplike edilmek için yapılmış ve bu son dönemde ikincil bir kullanım görmüşlerdir.

Belirli seramik formları üzerine işlenmiş özgün boyalı motif düzenlemeleriyle nitelendirilen Suriye-Kilikya Boyalıları, MÖ ikinci binyılın ilk yarısında Amik Ovası, Kilikya ve Kuzeybatı Suriye’de yaygın olarak görülen boya bezekli seramik geleneğidir. Bu makalede, Amik Ovasında yer alan Aççana Höyük / Alalah kenti (Hatay, Türkiye) özelinde Suriye-Kilikya Boyalıları’nın kullanımı incelenmiştir. Çok yönlü bir yaklaşımın benimsendiği çalışmada, seramiklerin teknolojik ve morfolojik özelliklerinin yanı sıra, kentin farklı bölümlerinde bulundukları bağlamlarla ilişkili olarak da değerlendirildiği bir işlevsel analiz yapılmıştır. Söz konusu analizin sonuçları, Suriye-Kilikya Boyalıları’nın, sadeleştirilmiş ya da genişletilmiş varyasyonları olmakla birlikte, farklı mal ve form gruplarının da var olduğu daha geniş bir yeme-içme setinin tamamlayıcı bir parçasını oluşturan bir servis seti olarak kullanıldığını göstermektedir. Aççana Höyük / Alalah kentinde istisnai durumlar dışında aynı örüntüye farklı zaman ve mekanlarda rastlanması, Suriye-Kilikya Boyalıları’nın kentin yeme-içme âdetlerindeki önemine işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca, bir dizi farklı veri seti incelendiğinde bazı seramiklerde kuş motifinin işlenmiş olması, Suriye-Kilikya Boyalıları’nın muhtemelen sembolik bir işlevinin de olabileceğini göstermektedir.

This article looks at Ottoman market regulation policies and practices, by highlighting some turning points in their evolution in the early modern period. The task of the Ottoman market inspector evolved to focus largely on the mundane or economic affairs of the market, diverging from previous practices in Islamicate societies. The study interprets particularities of Ottoman market regulation policies by accounting for nuanced interpretations of the implementation of rules regarding non-Muslim subjects, overlapping jurisdictions between policing and market inspection, and the increasing intricacies of tax farming.

Tatarlı Höyük is one of the largest settlements of Cilicia Pedias (Campestris). It is located on the important commercial and military routes at the western exit of the Amanus Mountains, in the eastern part of the Ceyhan district of Adana. It is also close to the Hittite-Kizzuwatna Caravan Road and connected to Central Anatolia by this route. This article discusses a seal and two seal impressions found in the excavations of Tatarlı Höyük in 2013 and 2015. One of the seal impressions is without an inscription and can be suggested to belong to the 16th-15th century BC. The other seal impression is inscribed with the female name Pa-ti. We can propose a date for this hieroglyphic seal impression from the 14th to the 13th century BC. One terracotta stamp seal was found out of context during the 2015 excavation season. We can read the name of the seal owner as Sà-li-pi with a proposed dating to the 15th-14th century BC.

A survey-based project on Byzantine settlements around Alacadağ in Lycia has continued since 2014. It has aimed to identify and document late antique and medieval rural settlements located in the northern mountainous area of Demre (Myra), a town in the province of Antalya. A group of building remains were found during our fieldwork in 2020. These remains are located at forested Eşekkırığı in the Karabel district situated 17 km north of the ancient city of Myra. Its ancient ruins are scattered on the slopes and top of the hill to the southwest of the quarry located at the second kilometer of the dirt road from Karabel to Çamdağı. A small Byzantine castle sits at the top at an altitude of 1218 m. A tower and two workshops are located on the southern slope; three rock-cut tombs are on the eastern, western and northern slopes. This article aims to study the rock-cut tombs with their inscriptions. Two of the tombs bear inscriptions in the Lycian language. Both inscriptions can be dated to the second half of the fourth century BC on the basis of paleographic evaluation.