Duku production and productivity in Jambi Province remain low because the existing plants are old, and cultivation technology is not precise. Efforts to overcome this problem include rejuvenation using superior seeds obtained through propagation of shoot grafting. Intensification can be done through fertilization. One fertilizer option is goat manure compost combined with NPK. The purpose of this research is to develop a technology package to accelerate duku growth in ultisols. This research was conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture’s experimental garden for 4 months on 1-year-old duku plants. The design used in this study was a randomized block design (RAK) with one factor, namely the dose of goat compost fertilizer consisting of five levels, namely 100% NPK (306g); 5 kg Goat Compost + 75% NPK (229.5g); 10 kg Goat Compost + 50% NPK Fertilizer (153g); 15 kg Goat Compost + 25% NPK (76.5g); 20 kg Goat Compost Fertilizer. Observations were made on the variables of increase in plant height, increase in stem diameter, increase in the number of leaf tillers, bud break time, and increase in the number of branches. The results showed that goat compost combined with NPK can substitute for NPK fertilizer. The application of 15 kg of goat manure compost with 25% NPK content showed the best combination for supporting the growth of immature Duku plants.

There has been increased scholarly attention toward family farming research in recent decades. Family farming represents a predominant agricultural system globally, serving as a cornerstone of food security and rural development. The bibliometrics analysis analyzed scientific production on family farming success between 1977 and 2025 from Scopus sources. The analysis found 84 papers, authored by several countries such as the USA, Indonesia, Cuba, and various countries in Europe, Asia, and Africa, that have contributed to the topic of family farms. It is interesting to note that Indonesia is quite active in studying family farms, as there is a significant number of family farms in Indonesia that are small-scale agricultural operations. This co-occurrence network analysis shows that the success factors of family farming in the research literature are dominated by three main dimensions: (1) a demographic dimension that emphasizes human resource characteristics including aspects of gender and age structure, (2) a geographic dimension that prioritizes regional contexts especially in Africa and East Asia, and (3) a methodological dimension that focuses on research approaches and demographic analysis. Family farming produces most of the fresh food consumed in large urban centers, but its success depends on various public policies, from strengthening production facilities to supporting marketing channels. Indonesia appears as a smaller node in the upper part of the network with limited connections, indicating relatively low involvement in international research collaboration in family farming despite having a significant family farming sector.

The supply of red chili in various regions in Indonesia still relies on production from Java. Different uses of production factors are insufficient to overcome production gap between Java and other regions, so measuring other factors is required. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting red chili production, identify the technical efficiency level of red chili, and analyze factors affecting the technical efficiency of red chili in Java and outside Java. This study used data from the 2013 Agricultural Census (ST2013) and the 2014 Horticultural Crop Farming Household Survey from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The SFA (Stochastic Frontier Analysis) method was applied to estimate the technical efficiency levels and the factors influencing it. The results revealed that factors such as seeds, harvest area, N-fertilizer, K-fertilizer, manure, pesticides, and labor affect red chili production in Java. Outside Java, the influencing factors are seeds, harvest area, N-fertilizer, P-fertilizer, manure, pesticides, and labor. The technical efficiency of red chili in Java (0.640) is lower than outside Java (0.691), indicating outside Java more technically efficient than Java. The significant factors affecting the technical efficiency of red chili farming in Java include education, participation in farmer groups, participation in cooperatives, land type, growing season, subsidies, technology, certified seeds, and access to credit. Conversely, outside Java, only cooperative participation, land type, growing season, and technology have a significant impact. Assistance in using subsidized inputs and access to credit in Java and the development of cooperative institutions outside Java are policies that can be taken.

Suji leaves contain a green pigment, namely chlorophyll. Suji leaf chlorophyll and its derivative compounds provide health benefits due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. This research aims to produce suji leaf chlorophyll extract yogurt with antioxidant activity, soluble protein levels, and high numbers of lactic acid bacteria. This research used a completely randomized factorial design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors, namely the concentration of added chlorophyll extract (1%, 2%, 3%) and variations in fermentation time (6 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours). The research results showed that suji leaf chlorophyll extract yogurt with antioxidant activity, high levels of soluble protein, and a high number of lactic acid bacteria was found in the treatment with the addition of 3 percent chlorophyll and a fermentation time of 10 hours. In this treatment, suji leaf chlorophyll yogurt was obtained with antioxidant activity of 59.20 percent, dissolved protein content of 128.80 mg BSA/100 ml, total sugar content of 71.92 g glucose/100 ml, fat content of 5.91 percent, total chlorophyll of 2 .39 mg/L, viscosity 10.00 cP; color L* (brightness) 77.09, color a* (reddish) -5.80, color b* (yellowish) 9.35 and total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) around 8.08 Log CFU/mL. Yogurt, with the addition of suji leaf chlorophyll extract, has the potential to be an excellent alternative to functional food for consumption.

Cassava farming in Salatiga City is a food-crop commodity farming business that has good opportunities because the demand for cassava in the market is increasing. However, some obstacles hinder cassava farming, namely cassava productivity which has not reached the target and limited production factors. This indicates that the use of production factors is still not efficient. Production factors that directly affect the productivity of cassava are land area, seeds, fertilizers, and labor. The aims of this study were: (1) to analyze the influence of production factors on cassava production, (2) to analyze the level of elasticity of cassava production factors, and (3) to analyze the level of technical efficiency and economic efficiency in cassava farming activities in Salatiga City. The analytical method used is the Cobb-Douglas production function with thehelp of the SPSS program to examine the influence of factors on cassava production and production elasticity. Technical efficiency is analyzed using the stochastic frontier production function. The results showed that the factors of seeds, manure, and labor were thought to affect cassava farming. The results of the elasticity analysis of all factors of production are in the rational area (Region II) with a positive value. The results of the technical efficiency analysis show that only the seed variable has a positive and significant value. Based on the results of the calculation of economic efficiency analysis, it shows that the input use of the land area, seeds, manure, and labor is not efficient.

The market demand for potatoes is very high, and their cultivation can affect the environmental balance, so innovation in potato yield is needed. Medium land is an area with an elevation of 300-700mdpl. Crop yields in medium land are not optimal and more susceptible to disease than highlands. The role of microorganisms in PGPR and Tricho Powder can maximize crop yields and help reduce disease intensity. This study aims to determine the effect of different concentrations of commercial PGPR in increasing the yield of potato cultivation, the effect of different concentrations of Tricho Powder in suppressing the intensity of disease attacks, and find out one species in PGPR. This research was conducted with RAL (6 treatments with 4 replications). The treatments included P0 (Farmers’ Habits), P1 (PGPR 20mL), P2 (PGPR 40 mL), P3 (Tricho Powder 80gram/10Liter), P4 (Tricho Powder 150gram/10L), and P5 (PGPR 20mL+Tricho Powder) 80gr/10L). The data was then analyzed by ANOVA. If there is significance, a follow-up test is carried out, which is determined based on the KK value. The results showed that differences in PGPR concentrations positively affected potato yields with the combination treatment of PGPR 20mL/10L+Tricho Powder 80 gr/10L (P5), which was the best treatment producing the highest mean in each parameter. In the same treatment, disease intensity was reduced by 37.55% compared to the control treatment. Based on its ability to produce IAA from 5 isolates, only 1 isolate (IS 5) showed positive results and was continued to molecular tests.

Feed safety becoming the main factor to produce good quality food. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of lactic acid bacteria in degrading aflatoxin B1, suppressing the growth of contaminant bacteria, and its application on feed. Biological degradation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in liquid cultures and Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces aureus inhibition by Lactobacillus plantarum were examined. Fermentation of corn for 24 hours by L. plantarum was used to determine the ability of LAB to decrease E. coli, coliform, mold, and AFB1 on a solid substrate. This study showed that both L. plantarum TSD-10 and DR-162 could inhibit E. coli growth at 3% and 5% supernatant addition. The addition of 5% L. plantarum DR-162 and TSD-10 could inhibit S. aureus at 97.40% and 97.28%, respectively. Furthermore, viable cells of L. plantarum DR-162 and TSD-10 removed 56.97% and 64.65% AFB1 within 72 h of incubation, respectively. The AFB1 reduction by nonviable cell was lower than the viable cell. The population of E. coli, coliform, and mold completely disappeared in both fermentation treatment of corn by L. plantarum DR-162 and TSD-10 at 3% and 5%. AFB1 significantly decreased by 17.57% and 22.60% on 5% L. plantarum DR-162 and TSD-10 treatment.

Rice productivity and farmers incomes in rainfed fields could be increased through the implementation of adaptive and site-spesific technology. The technology package namely Panca Kelola Ramah Lingkungan which consists of application rice high yield, site-specific nutrient management, organic matters management, arrangement of plant spacing, and integrated pest control. This study was aimed to analyze the feasibility of rice farming with Panca Kelola Ramah Lingkungan technology at rainfed fields. The research was carried out on rainfed fields at Sukopuluhan Village, Pucakwangi District, Pati Regency in March-June 2021. Data were collected from fields experiments and interviews to 50 farmers using questionnaires. The results showed that the implementation of Panca Kelola Ramah Lingkungan technology package with Inpari 38, Inpari 39, and Inpari 41, and Inpari 32 has B/C ratio 1.23; 1.38; 1.27; and 1.51 respectively. The implementation of this technology was financially profitable and very potential to be develop in rainfed rice fields.