Javanese turmeric (JT) or Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. is rhizome possessing bioactive components such as curcuminoids and xanthorrizhol that are soluble in various solvents. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antioxidation properties of JT extract with various solvents for extraction. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with variations of pressure blanching time (0, 2.5, 5; 7.5, and 10 minutes) and solvents (80% methanol, 80% ethanol, and 80% acetone). Antioxidation properties were determined comprising antioxidant activity (DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), phenol, flavonoid, β-carotene, curcumin, and tannin. The results showed that at a pressurized blanching time of 5 minutes, JT extract had the highest antioxidant activity. By using DPPH and FRAP methods with 57.31% RSA and 7.91 mg Ferro E/g, the highest antioxidant activity was also obtained in 80% ethanol solvent. Furthermore, phenol, flavonoid, β-carotene, tannin, and curcumin contents were 48.70 mg GAE/g, 7.28 mg QE/g, 243.83 μg/g, 2.44 ppm and 1.81%, respectively. This study showed that JT subjected to pressurized blanching had higher antioxidant activity than the fresh sample.

Consuming low glycemic index (GI) foods is crucial for managing glycemic control in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Meanwhile, taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) flour, recognized for low GI and resistant starch content, along with gembus flour, rich in fiber and protein, are potential substitutes in the formulation of dried noodle designed for DM diets. This study aimed to investigate five formulations namely F0 to F4 with varying percentages of taro and gembus flour using a completely randomized design. The parameters analyzed include energy content, proximate composition (carbohydrates, protein, fat, moisture, ash), dietary fiber, resistant starch, starch digestibility (using Kjeldahl, Soxhlet, and AACC 66-50 methods), as well as cooking quality. Statistical analysis used Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc tests to assess differences. Organoleptic quality was evaluated using hedonic and Just About Right (JAR) scales, while GI and glycemic load (GL) were determined by comparing glucose response curves. The results showed that higher gembus flour content reduced energy content, carbohydrates, starch digestibility, and GL, while increasing protein, fat, ash, dietary fiber, resistant starch, and cooking loss. The optimal formulation, F4 (20% taro flour, 20% gembus flour), was favored due to the balanced nutritional profile indicated by lower levels of carbohydrates and fat with higher levels of protein and fiber, as well as consumer preference. In conclusion, substituting taro and gembus flour in dried noodle significantly impacts nutritional composition, cooking quality, organoleptic attributes, and glycemic response, making both suitable alternatives for managing DM dietary needs.

An alternate healthy snack for school-age children can be prepared by adding sorghum and tempeh flour, which are sources of protein and fiber, to instant cereal drinks. Probiotic-enriched snacks are well-known, and several clinical studies have shown significant benefits to humans. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of various ratios of sorghum and tempeh flour (5:1, 2:1, and 1:1) on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the flakes. The viability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum Dad-13 in an instant cereal beverage was examined for 56 days at three distinct storage temperature, i.e 20, 30, and 37 °C. The 2:1 sorghum: tempeh flour ratio formulation was the most widely accepted. According to chemical analyses, all probiotic instant cereal drink formulations have the potential to be sources of fiber (6.4–10.6 g/100 g) and proteins (14.5–16.3 g/100 g). Furthermore, the probiotic instant cereal drink contains more fiber and protein than a commercial product. This product has a minimum viable count of probiotic bacteria > 6.0 log CFU/g, which is substantial enough to have positive health effects on Indonesian school-age children.

Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of red seaweed, but its utilization as a source of economic growth is still not optimal, as evidenced by the large amount of exports in raw form, insufficient land utilization, and harvest yields that do not meet standards. This study aims to formulate development strategies for the red seaweed industry in the Poleang sub-district of Bombana Regency through the identification of internal and external conditions. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The analysis used includes descriptive, financial, and SWOT analysis. The results of the study show that the red seaweed industry in Poleang still faces various challenges, such as red seaweed production that does not meet standards, unstable production volumes, seaweed processing plants operating below full capacity, low educational levels among farmers, limited market access and capital resources for farmers, the absence of structured farmer groups, the suboptimal role of financial institutions, climate and weather changes, pests and diseases, and highly volatile seaweed prices. However, there are also significant development opportunities, such as the availability of extensive cultivation areas conducive to seaweed growth, a sufficient labor force, experienced farmers, relatively easy seaweed marketing, simple cultivation techniques, the availability of tissue culture technology and processing industries, profitable cultivation efforts with an RC ratio of 1.94, and the significant potential of the red seaweed market and its processed products both domestically and internationally. Strategies that can be implemented for the development of the red seaweed industry in the Poleang Sub-district cluster of Bombana Regency include optimizing seaweed production through resource optimization, improving productivity and production quality, enhancing the role and functions of institutions, increasing human resource capacity, promoting the use of high-quality seeds, and establishing and strengthening partnership and marketing patterns for seaweed.

Coffee is part of the most highly valued agricultural commodities, and fermentation is an alternative method to enhance the quality of coffee beans. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Kluyveromyces lactis on the fermentation of Arabica coffee, particularly the contributions to volatile compounds formed in roasted beans. The fermentation process was further carried out by incorporating W. anomalus and K. lactis for 48 hours at room temperature. The results showed that fermenting for 12 hours with mixed yeast inoculation significantly increased the total yeast count and volatile compounds. Additionally, the fermentation of Arabica coffee with mixed yeast inoculation at a 1:1 ratio produced the highest total titratable acidity and yeast count. The release of volatile compounds varied based on the activity of the microorganisms with the highest concentrations of naphthalene, α-himachalene, toluene 2, 4-diamine, and 3-pentanol detected in the samples. These results suggested that fermenting Arabica coffee with W. anomalus and K. lactis not only enhanced bean quality but also held promise for industrial application.

Root system is recognized to play a crucial role in enhancing plant tolerance and stability during drought conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes under various irrigation regimes and explore the relationship between root traits and yield. A two-year factorial experiment was conducted with three spring safflower genotypes, namely Parnian, Goldasht, and Kazak under two irrigation regimes, including full and deficit. Irrigation treatments maintained residual moisture levels at 60% and 20% of available water. Root traits such as biomass (RB), length (RL), diameter (RD), dry weight (RDW), and root length density (RLD) were measured. Additionally, seed yield (SY), yield components, and oil content (OC) were assessed in all treatments. The results showed that drought stress reduced safflower RB and RL, but Kazak genotype had a significant increase in RDW (48%) and RL (12%) under deficit irrigation. Root biomass distribution and RLD varied among genotypes across soil layers. Parnian and Goldasht genotypes had the highest root biomass at 30 cm depth with full irrigation, while Kazak showed the highest values at 60-90 cm depth under deficit irrigation. Drought stress significantly reduced safflower SY by 71% and Kazak genotype showed the highest SY under deficit irrigation, suggesting better performance stability. SY had a strong positive correlation with RDW (0.57) and RD (0.84), indicating a significant relationship. Furthermore, SY was significantly correlated with RLD at depths of 60-90cm (0.72-0.68). These results suggested that root traits such as RDW, RD, and RLD in deeper soil layers were crucial for breeding programs aiming to develop drought-tolerant genotypes.

Hotong (Setaria italica (L) Beauv.) and walnut (Canarium indicum L.) are nutrient-rich local foods from Maluku Province, Indonesia, significant health. In this context, biscuit enriched with probiotic cream are a recommended snack for enhancing nutrition and promoting balance of the intestinal microflora, at a sufficient quantity of 107 log CFU/g. Therefore, this study aimed to objectively evaluate the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of biscuit, as well as assess probiotic viability. The used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with three different formulation treatments containing hotong flour and walnut at ratios of 40%:10% (F1), 35%:15% (F2), and 30%:20% (F3). Probiotic cell viability was analyzed at temperatures of 20 °C, 37 °C, and 45 °C. The results showed that F3 had the most favorable formulation regarding nutritional adequacy rate with 173 kcal energy, 10% fat, 4.41% protein, 5.20% carbohydrate, and 2 g sugar. It featured a crisp texture and increasingly darker colors, in line with the outcomes of sensory evaluations. F3 was the preferred, achieving high scores for color (5.38), taste (6.13), aroma (5.13), breakability (5.86), crispness (6), aftertaste (5.02), and overall quality (6.03). Cell viability for all treatments was higher at 20 °C and remained above 107 log CFU/g.

Fresh milk in Boyolali Regency is currently unable to meet the demand of the processing industry because the quantity is limited and the quality is below the standard. The large number of activities at each tier and the long supply chain flow for fresh milk have the potential to cause a decrease in quality and quantity, making it vulnerable to risk. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze risk management in supply chain and provide mitigation proposals. Data were collected by in-depth interviews with 51 respondents using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The variables examined include supply chain flow of fresh milk, risks at each tier, causes and impacts of risks, as well as likelihood, severity, and capacity to manage risk. Data processing used ISO 31000:2018 and the Rapid Agricultural Supply Chain Risk Assessment (RapAgRisk) method to assess risk vulnerability. The results showed that in Boyolali Regency, fresh milk supply chain consists of four tiers, namely farmers, as well as milk couriers, collectors, and processors, comprising processing industry and street vendors. Mitigation proposals were given for nine risks in the categories of high, moderate, and low vulnerability. These risks include high animal feed prices, low forage availability, cows being attacked by foot and mouth disease (FMD), adulteration of fresh milk, the amount of fresh milk received by couriers and collectors fluctuating, rejection, sudden demand, and excess stock of fresh milk. Subsequently, risk mitigation proposals were provided to maintain quality and increase fresh milk production.

The Irrigation Area (D. I.) Mambal, which passes through Badung Regency, Denpasar City, and Tabanan Regency, is the largest irrigation water supplied by the Ayung River, covering an area of 5.963 Ha. Despite the Ayung River’s substantial water potential, the D. I. Mambal experiences water shortages during certain months. This research aims to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of irrigation water use based on the Global Planting Management Plan (RTTG) using simulation methods and dynamic program optimization. Simulations were carried out under low conditions, normal and sufficient dependable discharges, using both existing and alternative RTTG. The objective function of the dynamic optimization seeks to maximize revenue gain from the applied RTTG. The existing cropping pattern at the beginning of planting in October showed an average proportion of fulfillment of water irrigation needs at 85%. Under the Alternative I condition, with planting beginning in November, the average proportion of fulfillment of irrigation water needs was 89%. In Alternative II conditions, with planting beginning in December, the average proportion of fulfillment of irrigation water needs was 87%. By optimizing the water discharge using the dynamic program, the irrigation profit for the existing cropping pattern (October) amounted to IDR 491,816,154,938. The highest profit was obtained using the Alternative II cropping pattern (December), totaling IDR 606,675,369,830. Meanwhile, the lowest profit was obtained in the Alternative I cropping pattern (November), which was IDR 360,767,292,361. The analysis showed that the Alternative II cropping pattern, starting with the first rice planting period in December, yields the most optimal results. The analysis considers the optimized air allocation and irrigation benefits obtained from the third cropping pattern.

Jali (Coix lacryma-jobi) is a cereal plant widely used as a functional food because it contains carbohydrate compounds, such as polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with a positive impact on the digestive system. This study was divided into two stages, namely extraction Jali and prebiotic analysis. The extraction method used was hot water extraction and alkali extraction according to their solubility in solvents. The prebiotic activity of oligosaccharide and polysaccharide extracts from jali was evaluated using in-vitro analysis. Therefore, this study aimed to explore polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in jali and their potential to act as prebiotic. The results showed that the extraction process affected the types of oligosaccharides, namely Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), as well as polysaccharides, including α-glucan and arabinoxylan. In this study, FOS and α-glucan were obtained by heating at 80 °C for 60 minutes, while arabinoxylan was extracted by heating at 80 °C for 120 minutes. The results of crude extracts of FOS and arabinoxylan were tested for HPLC analysis, while α-glucan was explored using FTIR. The jali seeds exhibited a remarkable FOS content of 40.78%, while their arabinoxylan composition included 22.4% arabinose and 4.8% xylose. In addition, the FTIR analysis revealed the presence of (14) (16) -α-D-glucan bond in jali seeds. The results showed that the extraction from the polysaccharide group, namely α-Glucan and Arabinoxylan, as well as from the oligosaccharides (FOS) had potential as prebiotic for the growth of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus casei. However, the highest results were based on OD and SCFA from the FOS extract. The addition of FOS affected the growth of Bifidobacterium longum more significantly (OD 0,871) compared to Lactobacillus casei (OD 0,725). Bifidobacterium longum exhibited SCFA levels of 243,827 mmol/L, while Lactobacillus casei showed levels of 140,942 mmol/L.