This article presents a comprehensive framework for assessing the effectiveness of Business Intelligence (BI) systems in information technology companies. The aim of the study is to develop a methodological and analytical approach that allows assessing the impact of BI systems on the operational efficiency, decision-making processes and financial results of organizations. For this purpose, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods is used, as well as mathematical modeling, which allows for a systematic analysis of the impact of BI systems implementation on various areas of an organization’s activity. One of the important results of the research is the formation of a combined Business Intelligence Efficiency Index (BIE index), which allows assessing the overall efficiency of the system with a single and interpretable indicator. This indicator is built on the basis of a weighted approach and emphasizes the important role of financial performance in shaping the overall results of the organization. In addition, the proposed model is complemented by return on investment (ROI) analysis and strategic planning tools, which allows for a comparative assessment of the performance of BI systems. The results of the research can be used both in academic studies and in the field of practical management, serving as a basis for auditing the efficiency of Business Intelligence systems, developing data-driven management, and increasing the competitiveness of information technology companies.

The study aims to examine the long-term evolution of global merchandise trade, identifying the leading exporting and importing countries, dominant product groups (HS-2 classification), and assessing the degree of concentration and diversification within the global trading system. The analysis also evaluates the effects of major global shocks—including the 2008–2009 financial crisis, the 2015 commodity downturn, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russia–Ukraine conflict – on international trade dynamics. The research uses annual data from the International Trade Centre (ITC) TradeMap covering 2005-2024. Descriptive statistics, trend analysis, and linear regression modeling were employed to detect long-term trade trajectories. The Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) was applied to measure the concentration of trade flows by country and by product group. Forecasts for 2025-2026 were derived from the estimated trend models to project the future direction of global trade. The results reveal a strong positive trend in both exports and imports, with average annual growth of approximately USD 0.6 trillion. Despite short-term declines during global crises, world trade recovered rapidly each time. In 2024, world imports reached USD 24.1 trillion and exports USD 23.8 trillion, with the top ten countries accounting for about 50% of total trade and the top ten product groups – mainly electronics, machinery, energy, and vehicles – representing two-thirds of trade value. The findings emphasize the importance of enhancing export diversification, reducing dependence on a narrow set of high-tech and energy products, and strengthening supply-chain resilience in the face of geopolitical disruptions. Policymakers should encourage innovation, regional integration, and the development of value-added industries to achieve more balanced and sustainable trade growth.

This article discusses issues related to the country risks during the economic and financial crises. Experience shows that international agency ratings are often a tool for political pressure and manipulation. Typically, the targets of this pressure are non-Western companies, for example: until mid-2011, the ratings of the largest Russian banks (Sber-bank, VTB) were lower than the rating of one of the three problematic Cypriot banks – Bank of Cyprus. After the 1998 Russian default, VTB Bank had a Ca rating from Moody's. However, the bank successfully repaid its debts. Bonds of 25 Japanese companies assigned a Moody's Ba rating or lower in the early 1990s have not experienced a single default for five years, although, according to agency estimates, the probability of default was 20% or more. Finally, there are several examples from the global economy of corporate rating downgrades associated with sove-reign rating downgrades.

The preservation of the traditional value system is one of the most important problems of the modern globalizing world, which has an existential significance for nations. As is known, in recent decades, the basis of ideological development in the world is considered to be the value system of neoliberalism. Since the 1990s, many transitional countries began to be forced to copy the Western model of liberalism. Naturally, the societies of many states resisted and continue to resist such processes, considering them a threat to their identity, traditions and value system. The society of the Republic of Armenia alsofaces such problems. In the article, the issue of preserving the traditional value system in Armenia is considered not only from the point of view of preserving national identity, but also as a problem of existence in the context of confronting the challenges of globalization. It is concluded that on the path of modern transformations of the value system, the power system of Armenia should consider global developments and new manifestations of worldview, which in the foreseeable future will leave their mark on modern Armenian society. Accordingly, the Republic of Armenia should not unconditionally reject the ideas proposed by globalism, but study them and localize the useful ones that do not contradict the peculiarities of the country and its interests, implementing all this in parallel with the preservation of traditional values. Today, our state is required to pursue a flexible policy: without harming our traditional values, to adopt and localize many civilizational principles that contribute to international recognition. From the point of view of the public administration system of the Republic of Armenia, several factors are important for maintaining this balance. First, public policy should be based on the principles of respect for traditions and keeping pace with international developments. Secondly, the introduction of the principles of transparency and accountability in the public administration system will also contribute to increasing public trust, which is an important prerequisite for value transformations. Finally, regional decentralized governance can contribute to the preservation of local identity, taking into consideration the peculiarities of different communities in the governance system, while maintaining the general direction of state policy.

The agro logistics system is a multifunctional logistics framework that encompasses all processes related to the collection, storage, processing, packaging, transportation, and distribution of agricultural products. Therefore, the efficiency of the logistics system is determined by improvements in each of these stages, as well as by a range of external factors. The Republic of Armenia, classified as a developing country from a logistics perspective, currently faces a range of challenges. Overcoming these challenges would contribute to setting higher benchmarks in foreign trade and ensuring the operation of a more stable and sustainable logistics system. Accordingly, the objective of this article is to assess the current state of the agro logistics system in the Republic of Armenia, to identify the key challenges hindering its sustainable development, and ultimately to reveal and substantiate the opportunities for improving its efficiency. The overall efficiency of the logistics system will be evaluated not only through value-based indicators, but also by means of qualitative and technical metrics. These will be compared with those of countries that have advanced logistics systems․ As a result, a plan for the development of new infrastructure will be proposed, which will include the establishment of alternative domestic road routes, their appropriate reinforcement with tunnels and bridges, the improvement of the quality of paved roads, the expansion of the railway network across the country, and the construction of new specialized warehouses.

The article examines the managerial aspects of branding in three leading German media outlets: Die Zeit, Handelsblatt, and Bild. The study analyzes their strategic approaches to brand formation, positioning, target audience, content structure, advertising models, mechanisms for audience engagement, etc. The research is based on content analysis, comparative analysis, and the study of audience feedback, allowing for the identification of the unique features of each media strategy. Die Zeit is an analytical publication aimed at the intellectual elite. It provides in-depth expertise on key socio-political, economic, and cultural issues, offering its audience authoritative analytical articles, expert opinions, and interviews. Handelsblatt serves as Germany’s leading business publication, catering to financial professionals, entrepreneurs, and investors. The newspaper provides exclusive analytics, stock market news, economic forecasts, and expert reviews, emphasizing accuracy and timely reporting. Bild, in turn, is Germany’s largest mass-market publication, focusing on sensationalism, dynamic content, and broad audience engagement. Its content is designed for the general public and includes political news, sports events, scandals, and entertainment stories, utilizing visual formats, videos, and interactive elements extensively. The study highlights the importance of branding for the sustainability of media outlets in the digital era, where audience needs are constantly evolving, and global competetion is intensifying. The analysis identifies key trends and patterns that shape the development of media brands and their adaptation to new models of information consumption. The findings of the research can be useful for both media market researchers and media managers developing effective brand strategies in the digital age.

The article examines the key challenges and opportunities arising from the digital transformation of accounting systems. It emphasizes the technological and organizational factors that determine the successful adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in financial reporting and internal control processes. As accounting operations grow more complex, integrating advanced solutions—such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) platforms and blockchain-based triple-entry systems—has become a strategic necessity. The proposed framework classifies accounting software by its level of automation and highlights critical selection criteria: breadth of functionality, userfriendliness, and vendor support. By automating repetitive tasks and improving data accuracy, digital tools reduce manual workloads and minimize errors, freeing accountants to focus on analytical and decision-support activities. From an economic perspective, ICT integration lowers operational costs through streamlined workflows, real-time data synchronization, and scalable architectures. Blockchain technology further enhances data transparency and security, enabling real-time transaction validation and reducing audit expenses. This methodology provides a cost-effective roadmap for enterprises to modernize accounting practices while ensuring regulatory compliance and data integrity. The findings demonstrate that successful digital transformation in accounting requires not only robust technological infrastructure but also targeted staff training and organizational restructuring. By embracing digital solutions, companies can achieve higher efficiency, better decision-making, and strengthened competitiveness in the global economy. The proposed approach is applicable across industries - from manufacturing to services - opening new avenues for innovation and sustainable growth.

Current trends in market globalization, ever-changing economic environments create challenges for companies to increase their competitive advantages through internally generated intangible assets, in order to gain advantages in competitive market conditions, the study of intellectual capital and innovation as competitive differentiating factors becomes relevant. Taking into account the latter, the study of the concepts of intellectual capital and innovation and the identification of their interactions becomes relevant. In relation to the above, this article discusses the components of intellectual capital that promote innovation. The purpose of the article is to present the collaborative foundations and effects of innovation and intellectual capital. The article examines the concept of intellectual capital and its component elements, considers the localization of their sub-components in the context of innovations. In this article, the nature of dynamic developments and trends in the management of intellectual capital and implementation of innovations has been revealed, based on the inevitable necessity of economic developments. It is becoming clear that intellectual capital and innovation have a symbiotic relationship, each influencing the other. Intellectual capital refers to a company's intangible assets, including knowledge, experience, skills, patents, trademarks, and organizational processes. Innovation, on the other hand, involves the creation and implementation of new ideas, goods, processes or services that bring about positive change.In the framework of the research work, an analysis of theoretical material was performed, such research methods as content analysis of documents, analysis method were used. Conducted studies allow us to draw conclusions, the positive organization of intellectual capital and innovation interactions is an important necessity, which at the same time gives a competitive advantage.

Trade and economic relations between Armenia and EU countries are in a phase of dynamic development. Over the past four years, trade turnover has grown by more than half, thanks to Armenia’s participation in the European Union’s Eastern Partnership project and benefits under the GSP+․ This activity has also contributed to the revival of domestic discourse about the country's accession to the European Union. However, the European doctrine for accession requires not only significant trade turnover between the two parties, but also ensuring an acceptable level of a number of other socio-economic indicators. At the same time, Armenia is a member of another economic bloc, where there is no such imperative requirement for the level of well-being of the population. It is obvious that at this stage, in terms of the level of economic development, Armenia cannot compete with European leaders, however, the process of joining the new bloc is not shortlived, and taking into account the significant growth rates of the GDP of the Transcaucasian republic, a number of experts predict that a certain level of compliance will be ensured in the foreseeable future. The study analyzes such a prospect from the point of view of Armenia achieving the level of GDP per capita of the European Union countries.

Iran and Armenia have a long history of friendship and effective neighborhood. Both countries are at risk of food insecurity caused by climate change and various political and economic crises. They are trying to cooperate in trade, including the trade of agricultural products and food. However, is there another way to cooperate in the field of food security that addresses food production more fundamentally? This article suggests that one of the most important ways to increase cooperation in food security is through research and education between the two countries. This cooperation requires specific facilities and conditions, which have been discussed.