In northern (including Arctic) Canada, remote communities face significant challenges in accessing perishable foods that meet national food-security standards. Geographic isolation and harsh climatic conditions exacerbate issues related to the affordability, adequacy, and availability of fresh produce in these communities. This scoping review evaluates the challenges within the northern perishable food supply chain (NPFSC), examining demand and supply factors and major drivers of change. A comprehensive literature search across four major databases, with no time restrictions, yielded 105 relevant records from academic and grey literature. On the demand side, challenges include food insecurity, dietary shifts from traditional foods to lower-quality store-bought items, a scarce food environment, and northern consumers’ preferences. On the supply side, key challenges involve transportation, last-mile delivery, product perishability, cold-chain management, and limitations in retail outlets. Together, these issues contribute to the unaffordability, low adequacy, and limited availability of fresh produce. This research highlights key drivers of change, including climate change, societal shifts, geopolitical interests, and policy developments, and examines their impacts on transportation, retail, consumption patterns, and the overall supply chain. Recommendations emphasize developing adaptive supply-chain strategies that incorporate local knowledge and technological innovations to enhance food security. Policy improvements should refine subsidy programs and explore local food production options, among other considerations. A comprehensive framework has been developed to guide stakeholders in addressing these challenges and improving food security in northern communities. This analysis lays the foundation for future studies and policies aimed at boosting the resilience and sustainability of northern food systems.

The Arctic is experiencing warming and ecological shifts due to climate change and the compounding effects of polar amplification. Arctic Alaskan coastal marsh environments, such as the Cape Espenberg barrier beach system, offer an opportunity to determine the carbon cycle response to changing climate by examining sediment records that have been preserved through time as shoreline-parallel, linear geometry prograding geomorphic features. This study determines the carbon and mineral accumulation trends in marsh environments at Cape Espenberg for both paleo (~776 CE to 1850 CE) and modern (post-1850 CE) time frames. A comprehensive physical and chemical dataset, including radioisotope (137Cs, 210Pb, 14C), stable isotope (δ13C), element concentration (%C, %N, C:N), and dry bulk density, has been built for several sediment cores. Results indicate that carbon and mineral accumulation rates have increased from paleo to modern times, potentially because of better growing and preservation conditions for organic matter in a modern climate. Paleoclimate trends in the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and warm periods interspersed within the Little Ice Age (LIA) also correlate with greater contributions of wetland organic matter, as evidenced by lighter δ13C values. Cold climate periods within the LIA correlate with increased aquatic organic matter sourcing and heavier δ13C values, with some spikes of wetland sources interspersed throughout the LIA. Future temperatures are predicted to rise with global climate change, which may continue to expand carbon stores in Arctic coastal wetland sediments. This has been observed in the swale environments at Cape Espenberg, where increasingly favourable growing and soil-preservation conditions (i.e. wet/anoxic soils and lower salinity to limit organic material decay, higher temperatures to promote growth) are increasing the carbon storage within Arctic coastal carbon reservoirs.

Prior to 1963, formal multinational co-operation related to permafrost research and engineering was extremely limited, particularly with the

The Arctic and its resources are becoming a hotspot of increasing political, environmental, and social conflict. The Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework can be a useful tool when trying to disentangle the complex issues affecting the region and organize their fundamental components along a causal chain, thus promoting a much-needed integration between social and environmental sciences on one hand and science and policy making on the other (especially when a participatory approach is pursued). The aim of this article is to facilitate and improve future applications of the DPSIR framework in the Arctic context. This is pursued through a comprehensive literature review of the use of the DPSIR framework in the Arctic, with a focus on five of the most important economic sectors in the Arctic economy: aquaculture and fisheries, mining, forestry, tourism, and Indigenous livelihoods. In order to promote the most accurate and balanced approach to the DPSIR framework, its main criticisms and variants are also discussed. The article provides a summary of indicators used in Arctic case studies and focuses on the relevance of the framework as a tool for both local stakeholder involvement and participative policy-making processes. It also provides a general model for application of the DPSIR framework in the Arctic context and, when Arctic examples are not available, a summary of relevant examples outside the Arctic area.

somewhere' so everyone could learn from them as well" (p.70).Pawlowska-Mainville uses this statement as an example of building trust, rather than honouring the Elder's request to publish his stories.Still, the information that is preserved here could be valuable, especially to descendants of the men interviewed.Pawlowska-Mainville shares important teachings with her readers but, without acknowledging it, she genderizes these teachings, and those telling them, through her labels.This stands out to me because Ojibwe is a gender-neutral language; we don't have an equivalent of he or she, we use a genderless pronoun-wiin-that specifies a living being.Pawlowska-Mainville translates akiwenzidiziwin as "the old way of life" (p.28).I understand the term, although neither I, nor the first-language Elder I consulted, had ever heard it.But Akiwenzidiziwin translates more literally as "old-man life," a very gendered term (the Ojibwe language does not apply gender to life).She describes storytellers as [da]dibaajimowininiwag, those "who tell narratives of their lived experience in the bush or on the waters," and aadizookewininiwag as "the storytellers of sacred stories, myths and legends, and teachings" (p.67).She fails to acknowledge that she refers here to male storytellers (ininiwag), not all storytellers, as her English translations suggest.It concerns me that other researchers may unknowingly replicate such mistakes by using her terms.Despite these criticisms, I do recommend this book to anyone looking for tangible ways to make a difference for Indigenous communities and for life on our planet.Indigenous communities who are working to save their lands, resources, forests, animal, and all other relations from further development and death need the information in this book.Tribal councils or tribal ethics committees who are approached by academics wanting to do projects in their communities could suggest that the academics read this book and then come and do this work with thembecause it is going to take a lot of people a very long time to carry out this amount of documentation.Legislators, activists, and citizens who are looking for ways to advocate for Indigenous Nations having control of their lands need this book because it can help them begin that work.

From today's perspective, Sir John Franklin seems to tower above his fellow nineteenth-century polar explorers, mainly because of his disastrous 1845 Arctic expedition and the ensuing idealization of a lost British hero.Yet although Franklin was very well known to his contemporaries before 1845, Sir

Inuit in the western Canadian Arctic have observed climate change impacts in marine and freshwater environments that have resulted in changes in the abundance, movement ecology, and health of Arctic char, iqalukpik (Salvelinus alpinus), with implications for their fisheries. This research was co-designed with Inuit to investigate reported changes in anadromous Arctic char in waters near Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, Canada. An analysis of semi-structured interviews with 26 Inuit fishers not only documented changes in Arctic char population abundance, spatial movement, appearance, and taste but also changes in access to the fishery. Over the past several decades and becoming pronounced in recent years, fewer fish and specifically fewer medium-sized fish that are preferred by fishers, have been caught using nets near the settlement, with some showing poor body condition, and others appearing to originate from lakes outside of the expected spatial range, earlier in an extended summer coastal fishing season. Inuit have observed changes in individual fish with broader environmental changes that are also disrupting fishing activities: the increasing prevalence of Pacific salmon, warmer air and marine sea surface temperatures, inconsistent sea and lake ice conditions, stronger and more frequent wind and wave activity, fluctuating water levels in rivers, and a seasonal tunicate bloom. Inuit have responded to these changes by altering personal subsistence fishing practices and temporarily halting a small-scale community-based commercial fishery because of observations in stock declines and in order to prioritize the subsistence fishery.

Attempts to accurately reconstruct events that occurred during the final phases of the 1845 Franklin Northwest Passage expedition face a key challenge: how to address inconsistencies and, in some cases, contradictions between historical descriptions of sites and the archaeological evidence they contain. This paper examines the case of site NcLa-1 at Kungearkbeearu, on the Simpson Strait coast of King William Island, for which the Inuit oral history seems incompatible with archaeological interpretations. New archaeological data from the site provide an enhanced framework within which to evaluate both the oral history and archaeology of NcLa-1.