Northern Eurasia underwent major hydroclimatic changes since the beginning of the Holocene interglacial. A rapid warming period reaching the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM), followed by a general cooling trend until recent times, was observed in Eurasian lacustrine diatom oxygen isotope (δ18Odiatom) records. In this study, we present a new Holocene δ18Odiatom record from Lake Khamra (59.99°N, 112.98°E, Siberia). Our record aligns with Holocene δ18Odiatom records across the Northern Hemisphere, showing a general millennial‐scale cooling trend following an initial maximum at 11.2 cal. ka BP and a second maximum at 6.7 cal. ka BP. These maxima correspond to the summer insolation maximum and elevated Northern Hemisphere air temperatures, as well as increased bioproductivity. Variability on centennial scales is likely driven by precipitation changes, which coincide with higher sedimentation rates and overlay the general decreasing trend throughout the Holocene. In addition, we compared two multiproxy datasets with decadal resolution from Lake Khamra, including δ18Odiatom data and biogeochemical proxies such as total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes, and total mercury (THg). The datasets cover a ~210‐year period (c. 6.140–6.350 cal. ka BP) at the end of the HTM and a recently published ~220‐year record (c. 1790–2015 CE) that embraces the anthropogenic times. The comparison of these two warm phases reveals distinct differences in both the absolute values and the variability of the records. Regarding the δ18Odiatom data, the recent period shows a nearly threefold increase in range and double the standard deviation, suggesting greater hydroclimatic variability compared to the end of the HTM. Notably, THg levels indicate a sharp increase in recent decades, while δ13C declined, contrasting with the observations at the end of the HTM. We attribute these observations partially to far‐reaching anthropogenic effects on remote lake systems.

Subglacial overdeepenings are of interest for a number of applied and academic reasons, for example as groundwater reservoirs or as sedimentary archives of environmental change. Thus, efforts have been made to compile and morphometrically analyse such features on a large scale. While this includes several prominent studies focusing on the western part of the European Alps and their foreland, their eastern part lacks information. We present an inventory of >100 individual overdeepened basins in southern Germany and Austria compiled from heterogeneous sources. These basins are typically incised ~200 m (max. ~1000 m) below ground surface and ~20 km (max. ~100 km) long, and thus of similar dimensions as overdeepenings in the western (Swiss) Alps and foreland. We observe a positive correlation of overdeepening area and depth with catchment size and both peak and average elevations, although large and deep basins also occur in small catchments. Generally, large overdeepenings are restricted to inner‐Alpine fault zones or the primarily weak foreland Molasse. Especially in inner‐Alpine settings, longitudinal profiles are highly irregular. In the eastern Alpine foreland, individual basins are frequently arranged in a radial pattern, a morphology that is not typical of the western foreland, and is a result of less constrained ice flow. On the valley scale, the depth of overdeepened basins correlates with modelled ice‐flow parameters, thickness and basal velocity at peak glacial conditions. Together with their occurrence in low‐elevation reaches, this suggests a rapid formation over a few millennia at most. On a smaller, local scale, basin depth is highly irregular. Finally, the existence of several generations of (similarly) large foreland overdeepenings, sometimes superimposed, indicates that these basins do not grow progressively over consecutive glacial cycles but that a negative feedback, likely related to the freezing of supercooled basal water, limits their dimensions.

De Geer moraines (DGMs) may act as valuable ice margin indicators; however, to date, their variable mode of formation has presented challenges for this utility. Morphometric investigations provide useful insights into formation processes, which can be developed using sedimentological and geophysical methods. Here we present sedimentological and ground penetrating radar (GPR) data of DGMs located in southwest Finland. Individual lithofacies were identified and interpreted using sediment architectural elements. These were correlated with neighbouring GPR radargrams and extrapolated across the wider study area. Generally, internal architecture presents a multi‐phase structure with lower units representing subglacial traction till and ice margin infill deposits, truncated by a larger prominent push unit, which is then successively deformed via the overriding of active ice. Significantly, there are notable differences between proximal and distal structures, with proximal sides characterized by silts, clays, and diamicton with laminae, stratification and thrust planes, and distal sides characterized by poorly consolidated diamicton and proglacial water current reworkings. Internal architecture of both prominent and intermediate ridges is very similar, reflecting similar formation processes, however, slight differences also reflect inter‐seasonal variations. Based on our findings, we present an integrated conceptual model for the genesis of DGMs whereby inter‐seasonal ridge forming processes occur within a sub‐aqueous ice‐marginal environment. Our model highlights that DGMs can be subcategorized as: (i) sediment deposition at an unstable margin during summer calving, and/or (ii) sediment pushing at a stabilized margin during a winter re‐advance. We do not find evidence of crevasse filling as a mechanism for DGM formation. We propose a landform assemblage classification whereby ‘De Geer terrain’ is used to describe series of parallel ridges arranged in a typical washboard‐like configuration. This classification identifies all DGMs derived within a sub‐aqueous ice‐marginal environment, whilst also capturing the equifinal characteristics between individual landforms.

Wind activity is a powerful force that shapes the landscapes of deserts, coastal areas, and regions adjacent to ice sheets, and it has significant implications for human settlement. In southern Greenland, it has been proposed that the increased wind and soil erosion observed around Norse settlements (~985–1450 CE) were caused by overgrazing by animals, which ultimately contributed to the decline of the Norse culture. Alternatively, some studies have linked the observed intensification of aeolian activity to changes in large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns in the North Atlantic. However, the timing and impact of this increased aeolian activity in southern Greenland remain uncertain due to a lack of well‐dated records. In this study, we use a lake record and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of adjacent dunes to reconstruct the Holocene history of aeolian activity at Igaliku Kujalleq (Søndre Igaliku) in southern Greenland. Our findings indicate two periods of intensified aeolian activity over the past 10 000 years: from ~500 to 1200 CE and ~1450 CE. Importantly, the peak aeolian activity observed in the Igaliku Kujalleq records was unrelated to Norse activities and their decline. Instead, we suggest that changes in the North Atlantic atmospheric circulation pattern combined with Neoglacial glacier advances led to increased katabatic wind activity and triggered increased aeolian activity from large outwash plains.

Southeastern France occupies a key biogeographical position on the lower Rhone corridor, at the interface between southern and northern Europe. It is also at the heart of long‐standing ecological debates about the respective roles of natural and human drivers in shaping the Mediterranean landscape. Molluscan analysis may represent a valuable contribution to this issue. In this paper, land snail assemblages from three calcareous tufa deposits in the Luberon mountain were used to reconstruct Lateglacial and Holocene palaeoenvironments. The Lateglacial communities only differ from the Pleniglacial ones by the development of hygrophilic snails. We note a high moisture budget at the end of the Lateglacial Interstadial (LGI). A patchy, steppe landscape is attested. A time lag in recolonization by woodland species during the LGI is conceivable. The postglacial woodland assemblages then trace a laborious reassembly of forest snail communities. It takes place mainly between c. 8000 and c. 6600 cal. a BP with spatial disparities and delayed recruitments. The French Mediterranean region has not benefitted from the macrorefugia that it would have sheltered or with which it would have been close. Woodlands, however, appear progressively more closed and complex c. 8000 cal. a BP. They reached their optimum c. 7500 to 7400 cal. a BP although their canopy seems to have stayed quite open. Anthropization remained weak during the Early Neolithic. A significant woodland opening is observed in the Early–Middle Neolithic. Human impact becomes clear from the Late Neolithic. Nevertheless, there are substantial differences compared with Basse‐Provence, where a more marked openness of the landscape from 7000 cal. a BP was accompanied by the development of Mediterranean synanthropic snails. The molluscan successions of the Luberon mountain should be a reference for the development of the Lateglacial and Holocene malacofauna in the SE of France, at the northern boundary of the western Mediterranean domain.