This article examines international taxation as an important tool for regulating global economic and financial processes in the context of globalization, the digitalization of the economy, and increased international coordination of tax policy. It is argued that modern international taxation goes beyond the traditional fiscal approach and is taking on the characteristics of a systemic regulator of international capital flows, investment flows, tax competition among states, income redistribution among jurisdictions, and the assurance of financial stability. Scientific approaches to interpreting the essence of international taxation are summarized, and its main functions are identified: fiscal, regulatory, coordinating, redistributive, and stabilizing. It is demonstrated that international tax agreements, transfer pricing mechanisms, and the concept of a global minimum tax play a special role in the transformation of the international tax environment. It is determined that these instruments form a new architecture of international tax coordination aimed at reducing destructive tax competition, increasing the transparency of international financial flows, and ensuring a more equitable distribution of taxing rights among states. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the digitalization of the economy on international taxation, as the growing role of digital platforms, intangible assets, and virtual business models complicates the application of traditional approaches to determining tax presence and necessitates the modernization of tax administration. It is argued that international taxation is of fiscal and strategic importance for Ukraine, as it involves adapting national legislation to European and global standards, strengthening control over transfer pricing, improving the network of tax treaties, and enhancing the country’s financial security. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of using the formulated provisions to improve tax policy, develop international tax coordination, and enhance the effectiveness of state regulation of global financial processes.

The article explores the conceptual and practical foundations of forming the state budget policy within the framework of profound socio-economic transformations, which is particularly relevant given the imperatives of martial law and the subsequent challenges of post war recovery in Ukraine. In the current volatile environment budget policy transcends its traditional role as a mere financial ledger, evolving into a sophisticated instrument for macroeconomic stabilization and the activation of social development. The relevance of this study is rooted in the necessity to define strategic priorities for an adaptive fiscal framework capable of responding effectively to both external shocks and internal structural shifts. The analysis of Ukraine`s budgetary system through 2024-2025 characterizes the current state as one of managed deficit, highlighting the critical implementation of National Revenue Strategy through 2030. This strategy includes the digitalization of tax administration and the reform of excise policies, alongside temporary fiscal measures like increased military fees and taxes on windfall bank profits. A significant shift is observed in the financing structure, with a decreasing share of non-repayable grants from international partners in favor of concessional loans, which heightens the requirements for internal budgetary management efficiency. The study identifies the budget deficit-to-GDP ratio and the debt-to-GDP ratio as the primary indicators of fiscal predictability. The research proposes a transition toward a productive expenditures model focusing on sectors with high multiplicative effects such as energy, logistics and human capital. This approach aims to secure future tax revenues and enhance fiscal sovereignty, ensuring that the budget policy acts as a resilient institutional mechanism for long-term social and economic stability. Special attention is paid to the synchronization of budget and tax instruments to foster a transparent, client-oriented fiscal environment. Furthermore, the research explores the institutional principles of budget policy such as mobility, adaptability and availability of financial reserves as essential prerequisites for responding to internal and external shocks.

In the article, the theoretical foundations are systematized and a general economic assessment of the effectiveness of managing the development of agricultural enterprises under the conditions of socio-economic recovery of rural areas is conducted. The theoretical and methodological status of agricultural enterprises as objects of managerial influence is qualified. The factors influencing management efficiency are identified, shaping economic outcomes by balancing entrepreneurial costs and benefits. Analytical identification of trends in the dynamics of entrepreneurial potential, productivity, and financial-economic performance of business activity under martial law is provided. Key problems of modern management are defined: strategic uncertainty, personnel shortages, instability of agrifood supply chains, and frequent changes in state regulatory policy. It is emphasized that all types of enterprises, regardless of size and organizational form, are negatively affected by similar risks, which shape new business expectations and determine approaches to managing socio-economic processes. Trends are revealed in the growth of business entities, changes in production indices, and fluctuations in profitability indicators, reflecting the impact of war-related risks and turbulence on agribusiness. Special attention is given to the role of territorial communities as basic economic units capable of creating conditions for entrepreneurship activation and ensuring socio-economic recovery of rural territories. The existence of a relationship between the state of the industry, the territory, and the potential of enterprises, as well as the institutional conditions of doing business, is substantiated. The prospects for changes in enterprise performance as a result of managerial influence are determined. Priorities are outlined for enhancing management efficiency to ensure resilience and facilitate the transition of agricultural enterprises to sustainable development models

The article provides an in-depth analysis of the digitalization process within the insurance market, highlighting its role in transforming the financial sector and advancing the digital economy. It defines digitalization as a crucial element in enhancing the operational efficiency of insurance companies and in establishing new business models. The study examines modern technologies being integrated into insurance practices, focusing on big data, artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT), and how these technologies influence automation, underwriting, risk assessment, and insurance claim settlement. The development of digital technologies in insurance is largely based on the implementation of innovative solutions for collecting, analyzing, processing, transmitting and securely storing data. In this direction, modern tools are actively used, covering a wide range of capabilities. In particular, an important place is occupied by interactive platforms for online insurance, mobile applications for simplifying access to services, as well as specialized software designed to increase the efficiency of business processes. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of network solutions for automating operations and the use of artificial intelligence technologies, which allow analyzing large volumes of data and offering personalized approaches for each client. Significant emphasis is placed on how the digital environment alters interactions between insurers and clients, fostering the growth of online insurance, mobile apps, and digital platforms. The study explores how digitalization increases financial inclusion, makes insurance services more accessible, and enables the personalization of insurance products. It identifies key benefits of digital transformation in the insurance market, such as enhanced operational efficiency, lower administrative costs, faster data processing, and improved customer experiences. However, it also outlines major challenges and risks associated with digitalization, including cybersecurity threats, personal data protection concerns, technological dependencies, and the necessity for robust regulatory frameworks. The article argues for a comprehensive strategy for the digital transformation of insurance companies to maintain their competitiveness and ensure sustainable growth in the digital economy.

This article examines the specific features of managing cross-border security projects under martial law, which are characterised by a high degree of uncertainty, the complexity of coordinating participants, and the influence of a multi-factorial external environment. It demonstrates the relevance of implementing computerised decisionsupport models as a tool for enhancing management efficiency and mitigating risks. An analysis is conducted of the characteristics of implementing cross-border projects in the security sector, as well as contemporary scientific approaches to the use of information technologies, decision-support systems and intelligent methods in project management. A formalised model for representing a cross-border project is proposed, which includes project parameters, environmental factors, risks and stakeholders. On this basis, a computer model for multicriteria evaluation of management decisions has been developed, which allows the optimal course of action to be determined, taking into account efficiency, risks, the alignment of participants’ interests and the influence of external factors. An algorithm for the operation of the computer model has been developed, which ensures a cyclical process of data collection, processing and analysis, as well as the adaptation of decisions to changes in project implementation conditions. A structural diagram of the model has been proposed, which reflects the interrelationship of its main components. A structural diagram of the model is proposed, illustrating the interrelationships between its main components. It has been established that the use of the proposed model enables an improvement in the quality of management decisions, ensures the efficient use of resources, and enhances the sustainability of cross-border projects in the field of security. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the proposed model to improve the soundness of management decisions, optimise resource utilisation and enhance project resilience. Prospects for further research relate to the development of a software implementation of the model, the integration of artificial intelligence methods, and the testing of the model on real cross-border security projects.

The article examines the essence of adaptive management strategies for small and medium-sized enterprises in conditions of an unstable economic environment and the full-scale war in Ukraine. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to ensure the resilience, flexibility, and competitiveness of SMEs under conditions of military threats, destruction of production infrastructure, disruption of logistics chains, labor migration, declining consumer demand, and general macroeconomic instability. Under such circumstances, traditional management approaches are becoming less effective, which necessitates the implementation of adaptive strategic decisions aimed at rapid response to external changes and the preservation of business viability. The study summarizes modern scientific approaches to understanding enterprise adaptability within the framework of strategic management theory. Particular attention is paid to the concept of dynamic capabilities, according to which the competitiveness of an enterprise in a turbulent environment depends on its ability to identify opportunities and threats, mobilize internal resources, transform business processes, and adjust strategic priorities in accordance with changes in the external environment. The article also systematizes the approaches of domestic and foreign scholars to defining strategic management as a complex system of long-term managerial decisions focused on sustainable development and organizational flexibility. The key factors influencing the formation of adaptive strategies in the SME sector are identified. These include strategic monitoring of the external environment, innovation orientation, organizational flexibility, development of managerial competencies, and interorganizational cooperation. The current level of implementation of these factors in Ukrainian SMEs is analyzed, and it is established that organizational flexibility is the most widespread component of adaptability, while strategic monitoring, innovation activity, and partnership interaction are often implemented only partially or fragmentarily. It is concluded that Ukrainian SMEs need a systematic integration of adaptive management strategies in order to increase resilience, improve internal efficiency, and strengthen long-term competitiveness. The practical significance of the study lies in substantiating the necessity of a comprehensive combination of key adaptive components as a basis for effective functioning and sustainable development of enterprises in crisis conditions.

The article examines the role of accounting digitalization and the development of digital audit in the system of using financial instruments for price risk hedging in international markets. It is determined that in the conditions of globalization of economic processes, instability of global commodity and financial markets, and increasing price volatility, the need for effective financial risk management tools is significantly increasing. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the digital transformation of the economy on the development of accounting and auditing, as well as to the use of modern information technologies, including cloud services, Big Data technologies, artificial intelligence, and blockchain for processing financial information and ensuring the reliability of financial reporting. The study analyzes the essence and key characteristics of digital accounting and digital auditing and identifies their main functions and differences in the system of financial information management. The paper also characterizes the main financial instruments used for price risk hedging in international markets, including forward and futures contracts, options, swaps, and other derivative financial instruments. In addition, modern software solutions used for accounting, risk management, and financial control are considered, particularly enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and analytical platforms used by international companies and financial institutions. It is substantiated that the use of digital technologies in accounting and auditing contributes to improving the transparency and reliability of financial information, increasing the efficiency of financial control, and ensuring the operational processing and analysis of large volumes of financial data. Digital solutions also create favorable conditions for monitoring financial transactions, assessing market risks, and supporting informed managerial decision-making. The development of digital accounting and digital audit tools forms an important information basis for the effective use of financial instruments for price risk hedging and enhances the stability of enterprises operating in the global financial environment.

The article is devoted to the analysis of micro- and macroeconomic aspects of business organization in the context of the modern smart economy. The authors examine the transformation of economic systems under the influence of digitalization, the evolution of the concept of the “smart economy,” and its practical implementation in the form of platform-based models, data analytics, and network effects. In the context of Ukraine, the current state of business digitalization, existing institutional and infrastructural barriers, the uneven implementation of smart technologies, and the need to develop personnel competencies are analyzed. The conclusions emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to the integration of smart technologies, interaction between micro- and macro-levels, and the development of regional clusters and innovation ecosystems as the basis for sustainable development.

The article examines the conceptual approach to the formation and assessment of the effectiveness of budgetary and tax policy in the context of globalization processes under martial law. The study systematizes and analyzes existing theoretical approaches to determining the effectiveness of fiscal policy under wartime constraints and substantiates the necessity of applying a comprehensive approach to their practical implementation. Particular attention is paid to the development of promising directions for budgetary and tax policy, taking into account the reorientation of the national economy toward endogenous factors of economic stabilization. The research emphasizes the importance of improving the efficiency of the budget regulation system, developing strategic goals and priorities for the development of territorial communities, integrating them into the budget planning process, and forming a system of indicators that allows assessing the effectiveness of fiscal policy in achieving socio-economic objectives. It has been established that the development of integration and globalization processes significantly affects the conditions of social development and affects the effectiveness of the regulatory mechanism of state fiscal policy. Given the high volatility of the economic situation in wartime, it is important to adapt the priorities and objectives of domestic fiscal policy to new global challenges, strengthen the role of endogenous factors in the process of ensuring economic stability and the development of financial institutions. It is argued that the development of economic sectors, territorial communities, and social relations, as well as the stability and balance of public finances, largely depend on the optimal ratio of tax regulation instruments. The study also analyzes the need for a coordinated approach to assessing fiscal policy effectiveness under wartime conditions and for ensuring prompt responses to economc challenges through optimal taxation conditions and efficient tax administration. The research concludes that the formation of an effective budgetary and tax policy requires determining an optimal level of tax burden that balances the interests of the state and taxpayers while ensuring the rational formation of budget revenues and the efficient use of public expenditures.

The article examines the main directions of pension system reform in the countries of the European Union and Ukraine in the context of contemporary socio-economic transformations. The theoretical foundations of the functioning of pension provision are analyzed, and its role in shaping the system of social protection of the population is determined. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the current state of pension systems, key trends in their development, and the challenges faced by European countries and Ukraine under conditions of demographic and economic change. The main factors that determine the need for pension system reform are identified, including demographic population aging, increasing life expectancy, a decrease in the share of the economically active population, an increasing burden on working citizens, as well as the financial instability of solidarity pension systems. The study examines the main models of pension provision operating in the countries of the European Union and identifies their characteristic features. The experience of implementing multi-pillar pension systems that combine solidarity, funded, and private pension provision levels is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the combination of different mechanisms for the formation of pension benefits makes it possible to increase the financial stability of the system, ensure the diversification of sources of pension income, and reduce risks associated with demographic changes. The features of the functioning of the pension system of Ukraine, its institutional structure, and the mechanisms for the formation of pension benefits are examined. The main problems of its development are identified, including the deficit of the pension fund budget, a high level of shadow employment, low pension payments, and a demographic imbalance between contributors and pension recipients. The expediency of using the positive experience of European Union countries in the process of further reforming the national pension system, taking into account the socio-economic characteristics of Ukraine, is substantiated. The study proposes directions for improving the efficiency of the pension system of Ukraine, including the development of the funded level of pension provision, improvement of pension asset management mechanisms, increasing the transparency of the functioning of pension institutions, and creating conditions for strengthening public trust in the pension system. The implementation of the proposed measures will contribute to strengthening the financial stability of the pension system, improving the level of social protection of citizens, and ensuring its long-term sustainability.