Euglena sp. contains several metabolites that play a role in various sectors, likely biofuels, food, feed, and pharmaceuticals. Multiple treatments are required to increase the content of Euglena sp.to support its use. In this study, a chemical stimulant in the form of lignosulfonate was added to Euglena sp. in order to increase its natural potency as measured by lipid, carbohydrate, protein, paramylon content, and biomass productivity. Lignosulfonate is a macromolecular polyelectrolyte and anionic surfactant that is unique and multifunctional. This lignosulfonate can act as an emulsifier, dispersing agent, binder, and stabilizer of lipids in Euglena sp. cells. In addition to the lignosulfonate chemical stimulator, it can affect the growth process of Euglena sp. so that it can produce good-quality cells. The method used was a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (CRD) with three treatments and three replications. The results obtained indicated that the addition of lignosulfonate was significantly changed the cell and protein density tests. Therefore, the optimal concentration of lignosulfonate can be used as an agent to increase the growth rate and metabolites of Euglena sp. significantly.Keywords:BiofuelEuglena sp.Growth rateslignosulfonateMetabolites

This study explores the relationship between environmental parameters and fish catch rates for scad, skipjack, and yellowfin tuna in East Java waters from 2019 to 2022. The environmental factors considered include sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a concentration, and Ekman pumping velocity (EPV) as indicators of upwelling. SST and chlorophyll-a data were obtained from Aqua MODIS satellite observations, while wind and seawater density data for EPV calculations were sourced from ERA5 and SMOS-OI, respectively. Fish catch data were provided by the Department of Marine and Fisheries of East Java. Cross-correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between SST and fish catch, with time lags of 2, 4, and 5 months for scad, skipjack, and yellowfin tuna, respectively. Chlorophyll-a concentration showed a positive correlation with fish catch, particularly for scad (0.6 with a one-month lag) and for skipjack and yellowfin tuna (0.62 with a four-month lag). Additionally, EPV exhibited a positive correlation (0.3 to 0.6) with fish catch. These findings emphasize the significance of SST and chlorophyll-a as indicators of fish population dynamics and offer valuable insights for fisheries management.Keywords:East Java WatersSea surface temperatureChlorophyll-aFishcatchUpwelling

Purse seine fishermen in Kutaraja Oceanic Fishing Port, Banda Aceh, face various socio-economic and environmental challenges that affect the sustainability of their fishing activities. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing the resilience of these fishermen in facing such challenges. A quantitative approach was employed through a survey method, and data were collected from 100 purse seine fishermen using structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with multiple linear regression models. The findings show that income and social support significantly affect fishermen’s resilience, with p-values of 0.002 and 0.015 (p 0.05), respectively. Meanwhile, education and environmental conditions have less influence, indicated by p-values of 0.089 and 0.122 (p 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R²) is 0.68, suggesting that 68% of the variance in fishermen’s resilience can be explained by these four variables. The practical implications of this research highlight the importance of empowering fishermen through enhanced access to education, skills training, and social infrastructure development to strengthen their resilience in dealing with environmental and economic changes in the fisheries sector. The study concludes that economic and social support systems are key drivers in improving fishermen’s adaptive capacity.Keywords:ResiliencePurse seineFishermenEnvironmentalBanda Aceh

This study aims to assess the distribution of Cherax quadricarinatus based on depth and evaluate its invasiveness using a risk assessment in Lake Laut Tawar, Central Aceh. The study was conducted at five stations representing various lake activities: Station 1 (One-One), Station 2 (Bewang), Station 3 (Gegarang), Station 4 (Mendale), and Station 5 (Dedalu). The methodology involved direct observation in the field followed by laboratory analysis. The results showed that 284 individuals were caught, consisting of 138 females and 146 males, with carapace lengths ranging from 20 to 76 mm. No consistent distribution of male and female carapace lengths was observed across all stations. The abundance of Cherax quadricarinatus in Lake Laut Tawar was classified as very abundant (20%) at One-One and Bewang stations, both at a depth of 5 meters. In conclusion, Cherax quadricarinatus significantly dominates the lake ecosystem, as indicated by its relative abundance at different depths across the study sites. This species also shows a high potential for invasion in freshwater lakes, highlighting the need for effective management strategies.Keywords:Cherax quadricarinatusInvasive spesiesLake Laut Tawar, Aceh

The Tapulaga waters, located in Soropia, Southeast Sulawesi, are among the coastal waters with significant potential for the seven-eyed abalone (Haliotis asinina). This species is a herbivorous gastropod that primarily consumes natural food sources such as periphyton and macroalgae. This study aims to determine the size distribution of H. asinina and analyze the presence of periphyton on seagrass leaves and macroalgal thalli. Sampling was conducted over six months in the Tapulaga waters of Soropia, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, using a simple random sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The results indicate that the highest percentage of size distribution was observed in the range of 37.5–44.5 mm, comprising 34% of the total population. The population was categorized into two size groups: juveniles (≤ 49 mm) and adults (≥ 50 mm). Juveniles accounted for 75% of the total H. asinina population, while adults comprised 25%. A total of 11 periphyton species from three taxonomic classes Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, and Trebouxiophyceae—were identified on the seagrass species Enhalus acoroides and the macroalgae Gracilaria salicornia, Padina sp., Halimeda sp., Galaxaura sp., and Gelidium sp. The identified periphyton species included Aulacoseira sp., Nitzschia sp., Synedra sp., Diatoma sp., Fragilaria sp., Navicula sp., Pinnularia sp., Melosira sp., Lyngbya sp., Planctonema sp., and Cocconeis sp. Six of these periphyton species were present on both seagrass and macroalgal thalli. Synedra sp. was the most dominant species, exhibiting the highest abundance at 88,876 individuals/cm². The presence of periphyton as a natural food source attached to seagrass leaves and macroalgal thalli plays a crucial role in supporting the juvenile H. asinina population.Keywords:H. asininaMacroalgaePeriphytonTapulaga

Poor water quality caused by the influence of activities on land and sea can disrupt the ecosystem and the existence of fish resources in coastal areas. Damage to fish habitat impacts fishing areas, resulting in a decrease in fishermen’s catches. Fish resources will move further away from the coast, resulting in a narrower utilization of sea space for small fishermen and leading to conflicts. Thus, this study aims to analyze the quality of the aquatic environment and map the pollution degradation in the northern waters of West Java Province. The survey method was used in this study. The types of water quality data measured were water clarity, sea surface temperature, salinity, light attenuation coefficient, total suspended solids, and chlorophyll-a. In-situ seawater quality measurements in coastal waters were carried out at 30 points. In-situ water quality data was compared with remote sensing image data. Water quality parameter data was analyzed descriptively by comparing the results obtained with seawater quality standards for marine biota based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 51 of 2004 concerning Seawater Quality Standards. The results showed that the light attenuation coefficient and salinity parameter had an average that did not comply with the seawater quality standards for biota. The parameters of chlorophyll-a, brightness, suspended solids load, and sea surface temperature were still within the threshold of seawater quality standards for biota life (good condition). The environmental conditions of the northern waters of West Java Province are classified as good, were around 3,261.703 km2, while the lightly polluted area was around 3,043.452 km2. The northern waters of West Java Province, classified as lightly polluted, were concentrated in two locations, the northern waters of Bekasi, and Indramayu.Keywords:Quality standardsDegradationWest JawaWater qualityMapping

Goonch (Bagarius yarelli) is one of the local fish species affected by dynamic changes due to activities along Perjaya Dam. The first component in conducting the cultivation of local fish is domestication The main problem in domestication is the adaptation of wild fish to the controlled environment. Another aspect that needs to concern in domestication is the defense of domesticated species from several pathogens, especially parasites because most of wild fish captured from natural habitats are attacked by several parasites. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites attacked goonch captured from Perjaya Dam. The sampling method used was purposive sampling method and followed by laboratory examination. A total number of 90 goonch were collected using fishing rods and gillnets with an aid from local fishermen during this study. Ectoparasites were examined on several external organs including skin or scales, fins, and gills. Ectoparasites found during the sample examination were recorded for further calculation of ectoparasites types, prevalence, and intensity. The measurement of water quality parameters was performed after sample collection. Water quality parameters measured consisted of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and transparency. Goonch captured from Perjaya Dam were infested by Lernaea sp. and Gyrodactylus sp. through single infestation and with the same prevalence level (1.11%). Lernaea sp. showed a higher intensity (52 ind/fish) on goonch than that of Gyrodactylus sp. (1 ind/fish). Almost all water quality parameter in sampling site, including temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen, were in normal ranges to support the live of freshwater fish.Keywords:EctoparasitesGoonchGyrodactylus sp.Lernaea sp.Prevalence

The tuna fishing industry significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions primarily through fuel oil usage. This study investigates the environmental impact of tuna transportation, focusing on emissions from fishing vessels and vehicles. Carbon footprint calculations for fishing vessels utilize the IPCC, 2006 formula as referenced in KLH, 2012. Smaller purse seiners (10-20 GT) emit 2.88 kg CO2per trip per kilogram of tuna, while those (20-30 GT) in PPS Kutaraja emit 3.58 kg CO2. Larger purse seiners exhibit higher emission rates: 7.3 kg CO2 (20-30 GT), 9.9 kg CO2 (30-40 GT), 8.6 kg CO2 (40-50 GT), and 8.4 kg CO2 (50-60 GT) per trip per kilogram of tuna. Vehicle emissions for tuna transport vary, with the Honda Blade FI 125 emitting 0.00625 kg CO2, Supra X 125 emitting 0.00450 kg CO2, Viar Tiga Roda emitting 0.00458 kg CO2, Revo Fit emitting 0.0007 kg CO2, Jupiter emitting 0.00063 kg CO2, and Vega ZR Yamaha emitting 0.0006 kg CO2 per kilogram of tuna.Keywords:Carbon FootprintEmissionFsihing VesselsGreen TransportationsSupply ChainFishing Activties

This research was conducted on one of the Siak River tributaries that crosses the urban area in Pekanbaru, namely the Pengambang River. The Pengambang River flow is dammed to become a reservoir; one of its functions is as a source of raw drinking water. Increased activity along rivers and reservoirs certainly has an impact on water quality. The research was carried out in May-October 2023. Water sampling was taken at 3 points each along the river flow and in the Reservoir. The physicochemical water quality parameters measured include temperature, TSS, BOD, COD, DO, pH, TP, Nitrate, and Total coliforms for rivers and reservoirs, while Chorofil-a only for reservoirs. Water quality was evaluated using CCME-WQI, and the results of water quality evaluation according to CCME-WQI in the Pengambang River at all sampling stations could have been bad to marginal. At the same time, in the Reservoir, it was marginal. The CCME_WQI Index value in rivers ranges 42.33 to 54.97, while in reservoirs, it is higher 49-56, it indicated water quality in reservoir better than river. Parameters influencing water quality in rivers and reservoirs, especially TC and BOD come from household waste cage fish cultivation.

Anchovy is one of potential commodities widely found and caught by fishermen in FMA-572 West Sumatra. Examining its exploitation rate is a part of taking control and monitor toward the fishing activities to avoid overfishing possibility. This recent study aims to calculate exploitation rate and oceanographic characteristics of anchovy fishing grounds. The data was collected from Bungus Oceanic Fishing Port, West Sumatra in 2018-2022. Meanwhile, sea surface temperature and chlorophyll data were obtained from https://marine.copernicus.eu/ and https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov 2018-2022, respectively. The results showed that the exploitation rate of anchovies in 2020 and 2022 has exceeded maximum sustainable yield categorized as overexploitation with a percentage of 130.44% and 112.84%. Anchovy catches are significantly influenced by oceanographic factors with F value 0.00000115 (α 0.05). An increase in CPUE value is align with chlorophyll increase and in contrary to sea surface temperature. The findings are expected to give an overview related to anchovy fishing activities implementation and become an input for fisheries governance that lead to sustainable fisheries management.Keywords:FMA-572MSYOverfishingSustainable fisheriesStolephorus sp