- Research Article
- 10.53157/ecotropicos.n68r-7fp9
Conserved leaf traits and phytochemical plasticity of <i>Polylepis sericea</i> Wedd. (Rosaceae) across an altitudinal gradient in the Venezuelan Andes
- Dec 29, 2025
- Ecotropicos
- Diego García Mora + 2 more +2
This study examined the foliar anatomical plasticity, based on standard leaf traits, as well as the phytochemical plasticity, based on the accumulation and composition of polyphenolic compounds in Polylepis sericea along an altitudinal gradient (3,549–4,223 m.a.s.l.) in the Venezuelan Andes. Morphoanatomical analyses showed no variations in specific leaf area (SLA), cuticle thickness, epidermal cells height in general, nor in the proportion of palisade chlorenchyma respective spongy chlorenchyma, indicating a highly conserved anatomical structure. Phytochemical profiling revealed the accumulation of polyphenolic chelating agents—mainly dihydroxy-substituted flavonoids and phenylpropanoids within chlorenchyma tissues, especially in the two upper layers of palisade parenchyma. Variations in total phenolic content did not follow a linear altitudinal trend, since the highest concentration corresponded to the sample collected at the lowest elevation. However, the highest concentrations of oxidized flavonoids were observed in the chlorenchyma tissues of the samples collected at the highest elevation of the gradient. These differences, and presence of glycosylated or oxidized flavonols in the samples collected at 3,459 m a.s.l. indicate that the synthesis and type of polyphenolic compounds in P. sericea are influenced by site-specific environmental factors, and suggest that these secondary metabolites play a key role in the mitigation of the photooxidative stress generated in extreme high montane environments. Our findings reveal conservative anatomical traits coupled with phytochemical plasticity that may help us understand adaptations developed by high-elevation woody plants.
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