ABSTRACT The high‐voltage spinel LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (LNMO) stands as a promising cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries. However, the critical role of sol pH in modulating the crystal orientation and particle size of LNMO synthesized via sol–gel method remains insufficiently explored. Herein, this study focuses on investigating the influence of pH regulation on the crystal orientation, particle size, and electrochemical performance of LNMO. Through adjusting the pH value of the sol and calcination temperature of the resulting gel, LNMO with a truncated octahedral morphology is successfully tailored, characterized by (111)‐ and (100)‐dominant exposed crystal planes and an appropriate amount of Mn 4+ /Mn 3+ ratio. These features endow LNMO with lower Mn dissolution, less solid cathode‐electrolyte interface (CEI) formation and faster Li + transport kinetics, thereby resulting in superior specific capacity, cycling stability, and rate performance. Notably, the optimized LNMO delivers a high capacity of 123.0 mAh g −1 at 0.5C, a favorable capacity retention of 85.2% over 200 cycles at 1C, and a fast Li + diffusion coefficient on the order of 10 −10 cm 2 s −1 . This work emphasizes the significance of sol pH as a key regulatory parameter for tailoring the microstructural and electrochemical properties of LNMO, offering a facile and effective strategy for performance optimization. image

ABSTRACT Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), notably perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are persistent pollutants posing health risks via bioaccumulation and water mobility. While TiO 2 photocatalysis for PFOA degradation is well‐reported, efficiency falters in dilute environments due to weak adsorption and rapid charge recombination. This study presents a novel hybrid approach with surface‐modified TiO 2 designed to enhance PFOA adsorption while enabling simultaneous degradation. Fluorine‐doped TiO 2 (F‐TiO 2 ) was synthesized through cost‐effective, one‐step PVDF pyrolysis, promoting nanopores and hydrophobic interactions for PFOA enrichment alongside improved charge separation. UV–vis spectroscopy and UVC tests (254 nm, 1.59 mW/cm 2 ) with sodium persulfate showed F‐TiO 2 achieving ~92% PFOA removal at 700 mg/L (vs. ~58% for pristine TiO 2 ), with nine‐fold faster kinetics (rate constant: 0.217 h −1 vs. 0.024 h −1 ; half‐life: ~3.2 h vs. ~28 h). IC analysis confirmed partial PFOA mineralization, with ~25 ppm F − detected after 16 h UV irradiation, indicating significant defluorination. Unlike noble‐metal or graphene variants, F‐TiO 2 exploits fluorine for adsorption‐photocatalysis synergy, providing an economical, scalable PFAS remediation in low‐concentration waters. image

ABSTRACT Achieving efficient and stable formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI 3 ) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) requires integrated control of crystallization kinetics and defect suppression. While ionic liquids (IL) have shown promise as multifunctional additives, their rational design remains challenging. Here, we develop an attention‐focus graph neural network (GNN) framework that combines the molecular features of IL with device‐level characteristics of FAPbI 3 PSCs. Our model identifies N‐methyl‐N‐butylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([MBPY][TFSI]) as an ideal dual‐functional passivator. The [MBPY] + , acting as a Lewis base, passivates undercoordinated Pb 2+ via Pb‐N coordination bonds, whereas the [TFSI] − anion mitigates interfacial defects via hydrogen bonding with FA + . It is found that the [MBPY] + cation not only suppresses non‐radiative recombination but also enhances the moisture resistance of the perovskite layer due to its hydrophobic alkyl chains. With the synergetic effect of [MBPY] + and [TFSI] − additives, the PSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.03% with an open circuit voltage of 1.182 V, and retain 90.5% of their initial PCE after 1200 h storage at room temperature in air atmosphere (35% relative humidity). This work contributes to ongoing computational and experimental efforts in accelerating the exploration and prediction of potential ionic liquid passivation materials for perovskite solar cells. image

ABSTRACTThis comprehensive review provides an in‐depth examination of recent advances in thermoelectric (TE) materials based on conjugated polymers (CPs), emphasizing strategies aimed at enhancing their performance for energy harvesting applications. CP‐based TE materials have garnered significant interest due to their inherently low thermal conductivity, mechanical flexibility, lightweight nature, and the easy tunability of molecular structures. Despite these advantages, their commercialization remains limited by challenges such as modest TE performance and insufficient long‐term stability. This review explores key progress in molecular design, structural engineering, and doping strategies that have led to notable improvements in critical parameters such as electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and power factor, collectively enhancing the TE figure of merit (ZT). In addition, the article traces the historical development of CP‐based flexible TE generators for wearable and portable electronics, underscoring the importance of bridging the gap between material TE properties, mechanical properties, and device realization. image

ABSTRACTThe engineering of very effective and sustainable photocatalysts is needed to confront both environmental and energy problems. This work included the synthesis and evaluation of a range of copolymerized graphitic carbon nitride (CN)‐based materials (CN‐PAx) and their heterojunction composite materials with molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) for photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) generation and methylene blue (MB) degradation under visible‐light illumination. Pristine CN and MoO3 had lower photocatalytic performance, but copolymerized CN materials (CN‐PA200, CN‐PA400, CN‐PA600) and their heterojunction composite materials (CN/MoO3, CN‐PA400/MoO3(3%), CN‐PA400/MoO3(6%), and CN‐PA400/MoO3(9%)) demonstrated substantial enhancements. Of them, CN‐PA400/MoO3(6%) had the greatest H2 production rate of 127.22 μmol/h, almost 6.8 times higher than pure CN. It attained an outstanding MB photodegradation performance of 99.3% in 1 h, demonstrating exceptional stability by maintaining over 95% effectiveness throughout four successive cycles. The exceptional efficiency of CN‐PA400/MoO3(6%) is ascribed to its improved heterojunction design, which improves the separation of charge particles, minimizes recombination, and promotes visible‐light absorption. The band alignment among CN‐PA400 and MoO3 facilitates effective electron transport, whereas the presence of many active sites enhances the photocatalytic processes. These results present significant insights into the development of effective heterojunction photocatalysts and highlight the promise of CN‐PA400/MoO3(6%) for renewable energy generation and environmental cleanup purposes.

ABSTRACTMultiscale imaging and spectroscopy play a pivotal role in understanding the structural, chemical, and dynamic behavior of battery materials, providing critical insights that drive advancements in performance, longevity, and safety. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of various imaging techniques, from macroscopic tools like x‐ray tomography to nanoscale methods such as atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. By categorizing these techniques based on spatial resolution, the review highlights their applications in resolving key issues like electrode degradation, dendrite formation, and phase transitions during battery operation. Moreover, the integration of machine learning accelerates data processing, enabling multiscale correlations and predictive modeling. The review underscores the necessity of multiscale approaches to optimize battery performance, safety, and lifespan, showcasing how emerging methodologies contribute to next‐generation energy storage technologies. image