StreszczenieDotychczasowy system ewaluacji jednostek naukowych pomimo wielu wad pozwala na osignicie dwch podstawowych celw: oceny jakoci bada i ustalenia rankingu, wedug ktrego dzielone s rodki na dziaalno naukow

The article discusses the key factors supporting the development of children's and adolescents' volitional control in the context of the theory of action control.The authors are organizing the state of knowledge in the field of Julius Kuhl's theory of action control and personality and distinguish the attitudes which have the impact on formation state and action orientation.Referring to the research of Stefan Szuman, the authors indicate to the need of new research in area of volitional control focused on the period when in child's live starts the formation of conscious intention which may be decisive for future development of action orientation which is considered more adaptive than state orientation.

The process of digitization of education in Poland, significantly accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted both the key role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in ensuring the continuity of learning, as well as significant inequalities in access to infrastructure and digital competencies.Local government units (LGUs) have a central function in the management and development of educational infrastructure, becoming the main actors responsible for equalizing educational opportunities in this regard.The aim of the study is to analyze in detail the spatial differentiation of the level of digitization of education in JSTs in Poland, to identify areas with low digitization rates and to identify their determinants, such as the financial potential of JSTs, the level of digital exclusion or access to broadband Internet.The analysis is based on data from the Local Data Bank (LDBL) of the Central Statistical Office (CSO) and the Educational Information System (SIO) for the years 2023-2024.The study uses the synthetic Educational Digitization Index (WCE) and procedures for imputing data gaps.Preliminary results indicate significant disparities between urban and rural areas, which largely correlates with the level of income of TSUs and the availability of ICT infrastructure.The results can provide a basis for shaping effective educational and digital policy strategies, and indicate the need to improve the quality of data in the SIO and BDL systems.

Math anxiety is a specific type of anxiety associated with reduced well-being and poorer mathematical performance.This article reviews cognitive-behavioral strategies for coping with math anxiety, such as cognitive reinterpretation of physiological arousal, expressive writing, relaxation techniques (including breathing exercises and mindfulness), and systematic desensitization.Although all these methods are generally recognized as potentially effective, research findings highlight the need for further studies on their effectiveness and the factors influencing their success.Cognitive reinterpretation shows positive effects in improving mathematical performance, but its effectiveness in reducing math anxiety has not been clearly confirmed.Expressive writing appears to be the least effective in both lowering math anxiety levels and improving math performance.Relaxation techniques yield mixed results, particularly in enhancing mood, but they do not produce lasting improvements in mathematical performance.Systematic desensitization seems to be the most effective method for reducing math anxiety, although its impact on improving math performance is limited and context-dependent.Further research is recommended, incorporating both the measurement of math anxiety and the assessment of mathematical performance, with a strong emphasis on methodological rigor.

StreszczenieCelem artykuu jest zwrcenie uwagi na znaczenie psychologicznych uwarunkowa odbioru i interpretacji treci przedstawianych na ekranach rnych interfejsw.Dla pobudzenia refleksji nad tymi procesami przywoano znany w medioznawstwie schemat obejmujcy cay zoony system zalenoci i porednictwa pomidzy mediami a umysami uytkownikw.Model ten wyranie wskazuje, e kada medialna tre jest wypadkow wielu wyborw autora, twrcy, internauty dotyczcych tego,

Joanna Landy significantly contributed to reducing illiteracy in post-war Poland throughout her fifty years of academic, educational, and popularizing activities.Additionally, she highlighted issues relating to functional illiteracy and the lack of institutional support for adult learners.This article aims to present Landy's scientific achievements considering contemporary knowledge about reading acquisition and the current state of reading difficulties among Polish adults.In the article, I discuss and cite textbooks for adults learning to read at introductory courses developed by Landy, and her scholarly publications.I present a study of the life trajectories of graduates from adult literacy courses conducted fifteen years after the literacy campaign ended.I also showcase a unique study of autobiographical materials collected in a memoir-writing contest, in which adults who learned to read on their own, informally and without courses, participated.Additionally, I delve into self-education Instytut Bada Edukacyjnych Jak nauczy si czyta w dorosoci?

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