Mythological narratives offering different versions of digitalization thus capture the complexity of digital processes. This makes a theoretical analysis of the main mythological vectors of digital society relevant. The purpose of this article is to explore the nature, causes, and purposes of the formation and functioning of digital myths in modern society. The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary and systemic approach. The theoretical and methodological basis of this article is formed by constructivist structuralism (P. Bourdieu), the theories of «surveillance capitalism» and «knowledge society» (Sh. Zuboff, N. Stehr), and the concept of data-centric science (J. Gray). In Russian and Western discourses, the characteristics of the mythologization of digital society have been explored by A.A. Lisenkova, G.L. Tulchinsky, S.A. Kravchenko, M. Osserwaarde, and others. It is shown that, alongside the critical discourse of digitalization, there is a technocratic discourse, accompanied by the fetishization and mythologization of digital processes. The mythologization of digital processes is analyzed based on ideas about digital inequality and ways to overcome it. It is substantiated that the solution to the problem of digital inequality lies not so much in the development of digitalization, digital literacy and digital education, but in resolving the contradiction between the concentration of digital resources by large platform companies and government agencies and the lack of such resources among ordinary users. It is shown that the mythologization of data-centric science leads to an underestimation of the importance of theoretical models, hypotheses, and deductive schemes. There is a debate about the thesis of forming a digital society as a knowledge society, a society of equal opportunities. The reasons for the mythologization of digital technologies have been identified: in the mythological discourse of the digital society, owners of large digital companies and media corporations, ordinary users, scientists participate. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that the analysis of the mythological vectors of digital society allows us to identify their positive and negative characteristics. The theoretical and practical significance of the article lies in substantiating the possibility of studying the main mythological trends of digital society as a stable social phenomenon possessing the characteristics of ambivalence, dynamism, subjectivity, and universality. The obtained results demonstrate the need for a systemic, interdisciplinary analysis of digitalization and social and humanitarian expertise of political decisions.

The paper aims at finding an effective language for human-computer interaction in the context of the introduction of Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence within the framework of modern semiotics. A variant of the sign problem statement and an attempt to apply an analogy with thermodynamic complex systems for its solution are presented. Based on the ontological model of the semiotic spiral of cognition and activity, a vector representation of the semiosis cycle in the orthogonal space of coordinates of the semantic, syntactic and pragmatic dimensions is proposed. Movement along the spiral of cognition and activity forms epistemological oppositions of understanding and expression, which are codified in knowledge of a receptive and projective nature. Understanding describes the transition from a sign to its meaning, that is, the solution of the decoding problem, and expression describes the transition from the meaning to the sign denoting it, that is, the solution of the coding problem. Based on this representation, the problem of effective semiosis is formulated as a process of alternating the stages of understanding and expression, clarifying the system of using signs. To solve this problem, an analogy with a thermodynamic system can be used, in which the stages of transformation and exchange of energy described by macroscopic quantities also alternate. To perform optimization, a coordinate descent method is proposed. It is possible to move from an object to a sign by selecting the best semantic match, simplifying the sign in the syntactic sense and selecting a pragmatic rule. Conversely, it is proposed to select a certain reference sign and simplify the pragmatic rule, syntactic representation or semantic match. The ideal cycle of semiosis provides for a return to the same object that was used when selecting the sign in the absence of loss of meaning. In a real cycle, an iterative spiral coordinate descent is performed, during which an iterative refinement of the sign-object pair is performed. The implementation of the proposed approach in practice allows increasing the efficiency of user interfaces of hardware and software complexes of Virtual Reality with high immersion, as well as developing recommendations for the implementation of prompt engineering in Artificial Intelligence systems.

The relevance of the work lies in the fact that various classifications of religion presented in the philosophical literature do not create prerequisites for its holistic vision, but reflect only individual specific historical in¬carnations of this phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to substantiate the fact that the classification proposed by D. V. Pivovarov, formed on the basis of a synthetic concept, allows us to identify the multidimensionality and heuristic value of religion. Relying on the dialectic method, its inherent principles of integrity, historicism, systemicity, using a complex of analytical and synthetic operations, we develop the problem in such a way that the obtained results and conclusions testify to the scientific, theoretical and practical significance of the study devoted to Pivovarov’s classification. The first section of the article demonstrates that Pivovarov’s synthetic concept of religion arose in the conditions of a contradictory cognitive-ideological situation; immediately after its publication, it had supporters and opponents. However, despite the fact that the new always «takes root» with difficulty, over time Pivovarov’s concept begins to acquire an increasing number of adherents. The second section draws attention to the serious analytical work done by Pivovarov to clarify the etymology of the word and the definition of the concept of religion. In some interpretations of religion he sees the origins of a general definition, while others he subjects to quite serious criticism, arguing that none of them should be considered erroneous, since all of them are formed on the basis of certain material reflecting the essence of this phenomenon, even if only partially. The third section is devoted to the analysis of egocentric, sociocentric and cosmocentric religions, identifying their bearers, common features and characteristic features. It is shown that, having analyzed in detail the doctrines of these religions, Daniil Valentinovich comes to the conclusion: if we are guided by a synthetic paradigm, highlighting stable and fragmentary connections, we can obtain a holistic picture with significant potential for further research. As an example, he cites the Baha’i religion, in which he was impressed by both the peaceful behavior of its representatives and the subtleties of the content of the teaching itself. There is also a practical component in Pivovarov’s views, which consists in the fact that a person must make the choice of one religion or another independently and consciously.

The relevance of the study is due to the increasing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in ensuring the economic security of the banking sector against the background of digital transformation and growing volatility of global financial markets. The analysis of the impact of AI-technologies on the value of financial organizations is of particular importance, which allows to identify optimal strategies for their implementation. The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of AI solutions in bank management on the example of China Construction Bank and to determine their impact on the indicators of economic security and market value of the bank. The methodological framework includes a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analysis of key performance indicators for the period 2016-2024, comparative assessment of four basic sectors: competitiveness, liquidity, management efficiency and additional indicators. The main results show that the systematic implementation of AI algorithms allowed the bank to significantly improve operational efficiency through real-time tracking of external environment changes, monitoring of financial indicators and forecasting of development scenarios. This ensured sustainable growth in the bank’s market value even in the face of pandemic and geopolitical instability. Scientific novelty consists in the confirmation of the hypothesis of positive correlation between the level of technological equipment of the bank and its value, as well as in the development of a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of AI solutions. The practical significance of the research consists in the possibility of using the obtained data to improve the economic risk management system in the banking sector. The results can be applied by other financial organizations in the development of digital transformation strategies. Areas for further research include studying the impact of different types of AI solutions on certain aspects of banking activities, as well as assessing the long-term effects of their implementation. It is recommended to expand the geography of the study to include other large banks.

This article presents the creative project of Archimandrite Gabriel (V. N. Voskresensky), a prominent figure of the first half of the 19th century, a theologian, philosopher, and scholarly monk. Archimandrite Gabriel is a key figure for understanding the historical and philosophical process in Russia for several reasons. First and foremost, he created the world’s first history of Russian philosophy, creating a new academic genre for his time, «Russian philosophy». But as an intellectual «pioneer» in the historiographical format, he consistently constructed not only a «Russian philosophy» but also a national philosophy of law, known as «philosophical truth». After composing the first «history of Russian philosophy» in Russia (1840), Archimandrite Gabriel undertook the development of a textbook at the Imperial Kazan University, presenting a philosophy of law reflecting the precepts of his time, characterized by the clash of «faith and reason», «conservative and liberal». Adhering to the parameters of historical and philosophical research (revealing the form and essence of ideas in their history, the genealogy of the intellectual process), he reconstructed a creative event, a creative act, dominated by the formation of a nationally oriented philosophy of law, taking into account European experience but favoring its own themes and problems, materials, and methods. This study, conducted using the humanitarian archaeology of key factors influencing the scientific and educational processes of the mid- 19th century, explores these factors: higher education, church and state, ideology and education, and the renewal of academic techniques and practices while preserving the values inherent in the national cultural narrative. To achieve these objectives, the principle of «intellectual investigation» is employed, based on historical and philosophical reconstruction and cultural and civilizational hermeneutics. The study presents a set of key factors (institutions, individuals, texts, and situations) that contributed to the formation of a «philosophy of truth». The reconstruction of a set of legal ideas is based on philosophical and historical research in educational, scientific, ideological, and political contexts. The results provide an empirical, conceptual, and contextual basis for further research in philosophy and law, as well as material for educational programs in higher education.

According to S. L. Frank, the question of being has a puzzling character. This assessment is valid not only for the time of S. L. Frank, but also for ancient and modern philosophy. The fact is that the question of being refers, on the one hand, to the great European myths, on the other – to the main question of philosophy. The article proposes to consider being from three points of view: 1) the lemmas of being, i.e. its objectivity, determined through the relation of being to its substrate (subject), as well as the properties of the individuality of being (inseparability from things); 2) the dilemmas of being, i.e. its non-objectivity, related to the question of whether being is a necessary or accidental property of things, as well as its relation to negation; 3) the unity of objectivity and non-objectivity of being, the place (chorus) of being. To solve the question of being, the distinction introduced by G. Frege is accepted: the concept (meaning, predicate, co-meaning) and the object (meaning, denotation, truth/ lie). The question is posed: is being a concept (predicate) and an object? The answer to this question is offered in terms of ontological obligations, including the modalities of physical and moral capabilities, as well as a contract, or some norm. The definition of being through the relation to nothing can be considered a source of the emptiness of being, on the one hand, and on the other – a source of creativity, the ability of the language of philosophy to create meaningful descriptions of reality. As an example of a sample of poesophilosophy, the article uses the scheme of the study of being: being is being is being. The question of being is directly related to the history of metaphysics, the subject of which is being and other higher concepts (Good, Unity, Truth, etc.). The denial of metaphysics and, consequently, the concept of being, according to Nietzsche, became the source of European nihilism. Attention is drawn to Wittgenstein’s question from his work «On reliability», namely: «What can I rely on?». This is a very succinct question, similar to Kant’s «What can I do? What dare I do?» etc. The article concludes that being is a source of beliefs, trust, reliability and confidence of a person. In other words, being is that without which everything (the rest) is nothing.

The introduction of the digital ruble into the Russian economy is planned for 2025-2027, which, of course, will have a great impact on the country’s economy. When introducing a new economic instrument, it is important to understand which areas will be affected and what effect will be exerted on the economy as a whole. The purpose of this article is to study the digital ruble, the reaction of the economy to the emergence of a new financial instrument and the consequences for the Russian economy. The study was conducted on the basis of information published by the Bank of Russia and adopted legislative acts, as well as the experience of other countries that are already using the central bank digital currency (CBDC) in their economies. The author also referred to the works of other researchers studying the problems of introducing central bank digital currencies into the economies of countries. The paper focuses on 4 types of participants (individuals, organizations, financial institutions, the state) to identify how the Russian economy will change after the introduction of the Digital Ruble. The article describes the benefits of implementation for all participants and what difficulties they will have to face. In conclusion of his work, the author emphasizes that CBDC will contribute to changes in the process of the banking sector, as well as to improving the quality of the state’s economic policy. However, it is important to take into account the risks of low popularity of the digital ruble among users, which will make its use ineffective. Thus, as the results of the study, the author highlights the changes that await all participants in economic relations, namely: individuals, companies, financial organizations and the state. The scientific community is increasingly studying the technical features of using CBDC in the economy of states, but it is equally important to study the process of integrating digital currencies into the economy of states. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the study of the introduction of CBDC in the Russian economy, as well as the study of potential changes. This article discusses the basic operating principle of the digital ruble, which the Bank of Russia indicates in its reports, as well as the positive and negative aspects that the introduction of a new financial instrument will bring to citizens, businesses and the financial sector, in particular. This study is aimed at identifying the advantages and disadvantages in certain areas, which will allow both to avoid the mistakes made by governments of other countries and to competently use CBDC to ensure economic security and develop the country’s economy.

The article reveals the role and importance of language in the process of shaping of the metamodernity digital reality, as well as the possibility of its influence on the emergence of new forms of person’s alienation. The authors examine various aspects of human interaction with digital technologies, including social, cognitive and philosophical dimensions. Particular attention is given to the mechanisms of language transformation into an instrument of alienation, the problem of the reduction of the being-ontological dimension of person’s identity to its virtual-hermeneutic ‘double’, as well as the issue of deformation of interpersonal relations in the conditions of hypercommunication is comprehended. The aim of this study is to attempt to determine the role of language in the process of transformation and deepening of forms of alienation and self-alienation of the person in the system of extended reality of the metamodern era, as well as to form the theoretical background for searching the possible ways of interpreting the consequences of this process. The research goal is realized through a set of the following research objectives: 1) to analyse the role of language in the formation of digital reality and its impact on cognitive and social processes. 2) to identify the mechanisms by which language becomes an alienation tool in the conditions of hypercommunication; 3) to formulate the problems of the development of a new model of person’s digital identity. The comparativist approach, due to its transdisciplinary nature, forms the methodological basis corresponding to the set goal and objectives. The novelty of the research can be seen as the attempt to determine the role of the linguistic factor in the process of transformation and deepening of alienation and self-alienation of the individual, fragmentation of identity and changes in interpersonal relationships provoked by the phenomena of modern digital reality. The article serves as introduction and its conclusions should be considered as theoretical prerequisites for analysing such problems as the nature of superalienation and new identity, the formation of which takes place in conditions of hypereality and is accompanied with dynamic processes in the linguistic field.

The relevance of research is due to the problems of organizing auto repair production in modern conditions associated with the difficulty of logistics and the high cost of foreign spare parts, which is confirmed by the analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources. Of particular importance in this case are the methods of optimizing the balance of costs for performing repair and restoration actions and replacing defective parts. The purpose of the work is to improve the quality of repair of rolling stock of road transport based on the use of methods for restoring dimensional connections. This study is designed to fill the existing knowledge gap caused by the lack of methods for restoring specific repair links. The use of new parts in repair, along with restored or used ones, necessitates the wider use of methods for optimizing the limit values of wear and recovery processes of dimension chain elements. The materials and methods of research are presented as an example of the development of a technique for restoring the necessary parameters of dimensional connections when adjusting the valve gap value, since the thermal gap in the timing mechanism of an internal combustion engine is an important element affecting the efficiency of the car engine. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the study of two different methods potentially suitable for implementation in the repair industry for restoring dimensional ties while reducing the valve gap by machining the outer or inner contact surfaces of car engine pushers. Studies have been carried out in relation to the decrease in the gap in operating conditions, which is widespread in automobile engines with overhead camshafts, since a decrease in the valve gap to a greater extent than an increase in it affects the efficiency of the machines. The equation of the size chain of the valve group is given, in which the valve gap is the closing link. As a result of sequentially discretely removing the surface layers of the pusher metal at 0.05 mm intervals and measuring the hardness of the surface layers, it has been found that this approach to restoring repair bonds can be recommended for use in auto repair production, with a more preferred method being to adjust the valve clearance by grinding the outer surface of the pushers. The data obtained can serve as the basis for further research in the development of a set of technologies for restoring specific size chains using repair kits that include parts with different manufacturing accuracy or that have been in operation.

Informal employment is one of the most demanded economic issues in both developed and developing countries. The experiment on the introduction of a professional income tax, which started in Russia in 2019, had a certain positive impact on financial and economic indicators, including tax deductions. However, the question of the actual impact of the tax regime on the number of people employed in the informal sector is still open. The usual comparisons of statistical data do not allow us to speak unequivocally about the impact of a new tax regime on informal employment in Russia. The study purpose is to assess the impact of the professional income tax on the informal employment using econometric methods. One of the quantitative methods of policy assessment, the “difference-in-differences” method, was chosen as the main research method. The introduction of the regime in Russian regions at different times allows us to apply this method. Such estimates are not yet available in domestic works. The information base was Rosstat data on employment in the informal sector in the context of 82 regions for 2019–2020. A regression model with fixed effects was evaluated, taking into account the effects of time. The evaluation results showed that the tax introduction variable turned out to be statistically insignificant. Thus, we cannot say that it was the professional income tax that had a decreasing or increasing effect on the share of people employed in the informal sector. Data on the number of people employed in the informal sector in subsequent years are multidirectional, which indirectly also confirms the difficulty of an unambiguous answer to the question of the impact of the tax regime on employment in the informal sector, which includes the self-employed.