In wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes are limited in memory, battery power and computational power. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are a specific category of wireless adhoc networks where their performance is highly affected by application, lifetime, storage capacity, topology changes and the communication medium and bandwidth. Whenever the traffic load in the network increases, buffer at a node becomes full and it cannot handle any more data packets. This causes packet loss and retransmission which affects delivery ratio, energy and decreases network lifetime. Congestion is an important issue in wireless networks. Congestion in WSN severely affects loss rate, channel quality, the number of retransmissions, traffic flow, network lifetime, delay, energy as well as throughput. The congestion can be resolved in WSN either by reducing the data rate or by increasing the resources to form alternative paths. In this paper, an Implementation of Improved TOPSIS Method for congestion control in WSN known as Improved Hierarchical tree Alternative path protocol has been proposed which provides an improved performance over the basic HTAP protocol.

Over last few decades, wireless communication system has sought more attention and plays predominant role in different areas for human personal and commercial applications. Day by day, with advancements in technology, wireless gadgets got more compact due to microelectronics fabrication and integration techniques. So, such applications put great demand over new design specifications on antenna structures used in transmitter and receiver for radio wave communication. In wireless applications depending upon, frequency bands and bandwidth requirements numerous compact antenna structures are used with improved efficiency. Microstrip patch antennas are highly regarded due to its compact size, easy integration with microwave circuits. In study of patch antenna, Defected Ground structures gain popularity these days due to its various benefits to enhance antenna performance. This research article, provides extensive literature survey over use of Defected Ground Structures (DGS) in microstrip patch antenna with its design consequences. This article also explores the enhancement in antenna parameters with implementation of DGS’s. DGS concept is used in microstrip patch antenna and microwave engineering for performance improvement of these devices. DGS can be merged with other techniques to enhance antenna operational parameters like gain, bandwidth, VSWR and spurious radiations.

The accumulation of waste in one place for much time makes it rotten and which leads to the attraction of flies and rodents, which can harbor many of health hazardous conditions? Likewise, some have the cure as burning waste, and this is worst planned for getting rid of this problem of waste as this further it pollutes air so as living being to as we inhale it. To avoid such disastrous situations, we are going to make these smart bins named as "IoT enabled Devices for Waste Management'. These dustbins are interfaced with IOT system with MSP-EXP430G2 Launchpad using Wi-Fi and GPRS modem. Hence, the state will be updated on to the HTML page along with it we have an App it will be making this system to be user handy for everyone. The heart of this system is a Wi-Fi module and GPRS modem; essential for its real-time data updates for picking up the team to function fluently. The main aim of this project is to protect the environment, peoples as well as the proper management of resource by adequate waste management devices.

Massive MIMO (mMIMO) systems become a primary advantage to overcome the problem of bandwidth restrictions. It improves the channel capacity of remote systems.The paper reviews about mMIMO systems. mMIMO consists of several number of antennas at base station (BS) which improves spectrum efficacy. The extra benefit of the mMIMO system is that the components cost is low because of utilization of less power components. The paper also discusses about the channel estimation at the BS and generally time division mode (TDD) is assumed for mMIMO systems. The paper also discusses system model, benefits for 5G wireless communication and its challenges.