The review (Levina et al., 2000) contains a detailed discussion of a series of studies of 1983–1999 related to the creation (1983) and the further development of the mathematical model of a turbulent vortex dynamo. The model was obtained by the methods of the mean-field theory (Krauze and Redler, 1984) and for the first time contained a largescale instability in an electrically non-conducting medium (hydrodynamic alpha effect) generated by the special properties of small-scale helical turbulence of the velocity field. By analogy with the model of the alpha effect in magnetohydrodynamics, such instability is described by a generating term obtained by averaging the equations for the turbulent velocity field and representing a force of some kind in the physical sense. However, unlike the magnetohydrodynamics, where the mean electromotive force acts as the generating term, the interpretation of the result obtained in the model of the hydrodynamic alpha effect caused serious difficulties for a long time. Indeed, the emergence of the mean electromotive force can be explained by the interaction of the magnetic field and the velocity field. In the case of a non-conducting medium, the obtained hypothetical force, for definiteness, let us call it, for example, a “vortex-motive” force, should be created by the velocity field alone. In nature, such force is unknown, but on the basis of new knowledge about atmospheric convection in the tropics, we have been able to interpret the vortex-motive force as a parameterization (Levina, 2018) of the interaction of several effects - rotating deep moist convection (Hendricks et al., 2004), accompanied by intense volumetric heat release, and vertical shear horizontal wind. The proposed parameterization allows us to explain the implementation of turbulent vortex dynamo in the tropical atmosphere. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) under Grant 16-05-00551a

Experimental investigation of the propagation of single probe pulses of a second sound in superfluid helium in a long capillary with a developed vortex system formed by a constant thermal flow was done. The processes of formation and decay of the vortex system and the effect of the capillary length (the total number of vortices in the volume) on the attenuation of probe pulses were studied.

The successful development of fiber-optic technologies in recent decades has stimulated research on the replacement of components of solid-state laser systems with fiber components, which can drastically change the attractiveness of the corresponding applied developments. Yielding on the energy characteristics of solid-state systems, fiber lasers and nonlinear optical devices have high efficiency of conversion of pump energy to radiation energy associated with waveguide geometry, high quality of the spatial profile of the laser beam, as well as low cost, compactness, lack of alignment in work process. Note that the maximum achievable radiation power in a single fiber is limited primarily by the process of self-focusing, which leads to fiber damage. The use of a multi-core fiber (MCF), consisting of identical equidistant weakly coupled optical fibers, makes it possible to realize initially coherent propagation of laser radiation with a total power noticeably higher than it can be transmitted in a single optical fiber. However, as theoretical and experimental studies have shown, such systems have its own critical power (Balakin et al., 2016) whereby the self-focusing of the quasihomogeneous distribution of the wave field and its separation into a set of incoherent structures occurs. Therefore, we have considered a small-sized optical system of 2N identical weakly coupled optical fibers arranged in a ring (Balakin et. al., 2018). In such systems, it is possible to find stable distributions of intense wave beams, which allow coherent radiation transport over long distances. The total radiation power in the found distributions can significantly (up to 2N times) exceed the critical self-focusing power in continuous media. This manifests itself most clearly for the distribution of un ~ (-1)n with antiphase fields in neighboring waveguides, which is stable at an arbitrary wave beam power. Direct numerical simulation of a nonlinear wave equation confirms the stability of the field distributions found. The research was supported by the RAS Presidium Program «Nonlinear dynamics: fundamental problems and applications».

Two processes of shortening an intense laser pulse are discussed in a transparent plasma: self-compression at wake wave excitation (Balakin et. al, 2013) and at stimulated Raman backscattering (Malkin et. al, 1999). Studying the possibility of amplification and compression of ultrashort (up to several field periods) laser pulses in a plasma based on the process of stimulated Raman backscattering is an important task aimed at creating next-generation superpower laser systems that generate ultrashort petawatt and exawatt laser pulses. However, there is a number of negative physical processes that may limit the effectiveness of Raman amplification. Most of these negative processes have been studied and ways are suggested to neutralize them. Among the most dangerous is the nonlinear frequency shift near the threshold for the overturning of the plasma wave (Balakin et. al, 2018). The use of a highly inhomogeneous jet plasma gives a significant density gradient along the jet. Accordingly, it is possible to compensate an excessively large frequency modulation of the pump due to the use of density inhomogeneity along the gas jet. In this case, Raman compression occurs without a significant loss of energy efficiency. Using a nozzle for a gas jet in the form of a long slit allows one create a long and uniform plasma in one of the directions having a wedge shape. The possibility of obtaining a high-energy output signal using wide-aperture laser pulses in a wedge-shaped plasma is predicted. Optimal parameters of the gas jet and laser pulses are proposed to ensure high efficiency and focusability, close to the ideal case. This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project 17-72-20111).

This article explores the possibility of using marine clusters in the southern seas of the Russian Federation (Black, Azov and Caspian Seas) as a tool to achieve the targets of the Sustainable Development Goal #14 (SDG14) on conservation and sustainable use of the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. The article explains the concept of “cluster” and its benefits for achieving sustainable development. Further the authors provide information on the international experience of using marine clusters to achieve certain objectives of SDG14: exact examples of marine clusters in various countries are given, as well as their input in achieving SDG14. In the condunion, the authors give recommendations on formation of marine clusters on the Russian coast of the Black, Azov and Caspian Seas to achieve the objectives of SDG14. It is proposed to set up six clusters: the Sevastopol cluster, the cluster of the Southern coast of Crimea, the Rostov cluster, the Novorossiysk cluster, the cluster “Big Sochi”, and the Astrakhan cluster. The creation of such clusters will ensure closer cooperation between companies, organizations and educational institutions of the coastal regions of the southern seas of the Russian Federation under consideration, which will not only promote economic growth in these regions, but also create an effective platform for the exchange of views and search for optimal solutions for the creation of new practices, technologies, and activities to achieve the objectives of SDG14.

The International Symposium «Mesoscale and Submesoscale Processes in the Hydrosphere and Atmosphere» (MSP-2018), dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the outstanding scientist corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences Professor Konstantin Fedorov was held from the 30th of October to the 2nd of November, 2018 in the Shirshov Institute Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. About 300 scientists took part in the Symposium event. 260 of them were registered as participants, speakers and co-authors of reports, 120 reports were performed, including, 20 invited, 59 oral and 41 poster reports. The Proceedings of the Symposium were published online http://msp.ocean.ru/index.php and in printed version with DOI: 10.29006/978-5-9901449-4-1-2018.

In order to receive high quality photo and video images with underwater vision systems an important factor is to choose an appropriate artificial light source. We propose calculation to estimate light source parameters to perform underwater surveillance in real time with underwater towed camera. We provide underwater light source parameters to guarantee high performance of underwater camera. We present images received during research vessel «Academic Mstislav Keldysh» expedition and analyze their quality.

This short communication presents the report on the XVI School-seminar named after academician L.M. Brekhovskikh. The conference combined with the XXXI session of the Russian Acoustic Society was held at Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS in May 29 - June 1, 2018. The objectives of the conference were as follows: overview the ongoing research by Russian scientists in the field of ocean acoustics, present new results and exchange of opinions among members of the ocean acoustics community, discuss new priorities and future projects. The conference was attended by more than 150 participants from Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (Moscow), Ilyichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (Vladivostok), Prokhorov Institute of General Physics (Moscow), Institute of Applied Physics (Nizhniy Novgorod) and Andreev Acoustics Institute (Moscow), as well as from Sevastopol State University and Lomonosov Moscow State University. 87 reports were published in the volume Ocean Acoustics, Proceedings of the XVI L.M. Brekhovskikh Conference, Edited by V.V. Goncharov, T.I. Tsyplakova. Moscow: GEOS, 2018, 436 p. ISBN 978 5-89118-768-9.

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Dedicated to the memory of Vladimir Viktorovich Lobytsyn (1938–2005) – an officer, scientist, outstanding historian of the Russian fleet, literary critic; a man who made a huge contribution to perpetuating the memory of people and events in the military and naval history of Russia and the Russian Diaspora in printed works and memorial projects, which revived many undeservedly forgotten names.