There are not so many off-the-shelf ITS services and solutions which makes purchasing/implementing such services and solutions challenging for public procurers. Challenges public procurers face when purchasing ITS solutions range from uncertainty in costs and time, risks in failed commercialisation of innovation, to difficulties of reviewing or extending contracts. However, many of the challenges can be addressed by innovation procurement procedures such as Competitive Dialogues. City of Copenhagen has used various procurement procedures to implement innovative and sustainable transport solutions which has set an outstanding example to other cities and authorities of using public procurement as an instrument for implementation of ITS. Analyses of the cases of using various procurement procedures have been carried out in order to identify how the city overcome the barriers, and benefits and lessons learnt from the procedures. The analyses aim to provide comprehensive references to other public authorities.

This study investigates pedestrian safety perception in Ho Chi Minh City under mixed traffic conditions by evaluating comfort, crash risk, and injury risk perceptions in two scenarios: walking along and crossing multilane roads.Using visual experiments with 510 participants, the study identifies how sidewalk quality, obstructions, crossing infrastructure, and traffic conditions shape pedestrian experiences.Statistical modeling reveals that protected sidewalks and comprehensive crossing features significantly enhance perceived safety and comfort.Findings emphasize the need for improved pedestrian infrastructure and traffic calming in dense urban settings to support safer, more inclusive mobility under mixed traffic conditions like Vietnam.

This paper reveals the travel characteristics; direct and indirect costs and travel times; users' perceptions with respect to reliability, comfort and safety; and impact of travel on the quality of academic performance for students in the Centro Acad mico do Agreste of UFPE (CAA), located in Caruaru -PE (140 km from the capital) which has 3,000 students from 70 municipalities.Almost 50% of these students live in cities located within 100 km of Caruaru and commute for three hours on average (round-trip).These trips are mostly performed on non-regular intercity transportation, chartered by users or municipalities.This kind of transport, apparently inadequate in operational terms, makes access to higher education possible for a significant proportion of students, keeping them residents of their hometowns.

Structural properties of the ship container logistics network of China (SCLNC) are studied in the light of recent investigations of complex networks.SCLNC is composed of a set of routes and ports located along the sea or river.Network properties including the degree distribution, degree correlations, clustering, shortest path length, centrality and betweenness are studied in different definition of network topology.It is found that geographical constraint plays an important role in the network topology of SCLNC.We also study the traffic flow of SCLNC based on the weighted network representation, and demonstrate the weight distribution can be described by power law or exponential function depending on the assumed definition of network topology.Other features related to SCLNC are also investigated.

The aim of this study is to determine the level to which the public is aware about ITS (intelligent transportation systems) technologies and how they perceive the potential advantages and inhibitors of ITS in Michigan.A survey was performed with 200 participants living in Michigan, in urban, suburban and rural areas.Questions covered in the survey included how often and how bad traffic congestion occurred, how familiar travelers were with ITS technologies (adaptive traffic signals, real time monitoring of the traffic) and how much support travelers would provide for ITS initiatives.Results reveal that there is a high degree of traffic congestion awareness, there is low public awareness of ITS technologies.While respondents who were aware of ITS solutions had positive views about deploying them, especially in urban areas, they were less supportive of ITS solutions than they were among those who did not know much about these.Factors including area of residence, commute time and age were perceived to influence ITS along with more positive attitudes to ITS amongst urban dwellers and younger respondents.Analysis of key barriers to ITS implementation reflected high initial costs, challenges with technical integration and users' concerns surrounding privacy.

Over the last 10 years there have been significant developments and improvements in the understanding of railway track bed in the UK and its relationship and impact on track quality, ballast life and maintenance following track renewals.This paper aims to describe the process adopted by Network Rail for track bed investigation and design which offers Network Rail optimum design solutions and value for money from an investigation and construction perspective, balancing design with possession availability to maximise construction output.It also describes innovative investigation and construction techniques that have been developed over the last 5 years maximising the use of rail mounted asset condition data collection systems which run at line speed, allowing targeted investigations and in some case removing the requirements for physical site investigation.It also allows Network Rail to predict sections of track bed which may be affected by line speed increases which would cause the track bed to fail prematurely or, retain its ability to maintain good track geometry post line speed increase.These problems can manifest themselves as stiffness related problems such as critical velocity issues (surface wave velocity, Rayleigh Wave velocity) or, sub-grade erosion resulting in high rates of deterioration in the vertical track geometry.The paper also describes the development and installation process for Enhanced Axial Micropiles to address stiffness related track bed problems whilst leaving the track in-situ a technique which is new to the UK railways.

In order to reveal the complex network characteristics and evolution principle of China aviation network, the probability distribution and evolution trace of arithmetic average of edge vertices nearest neighbor average degree values of China aviation network were studied based on the statistics data of China civil aviation network in 1988, 1994, 2001, 2008 and 2015.According to the theory and method of complex network, the network system was constructed with the city where the airport was located as the network node and the route between cities as the edge of the network.Based on the statistical data, the arithmetic averages of edge vertices nearest neighbor average degree values of China aviation network in 1988China aviation network in , 1994China aviation network in , 2001China aviation network in , 2008China aviation network in and 2015 were calculated.Using the probability statistical analysis method, it was found that the arithmetic average of edge vertices nearest neighbor average degree values had the probability distribution of normal function and the position parameters and scale parameters of the probability distribution had linear evolution trace.

By coordination and cooperation between multi-agents, this paper proposes the network of intelligent agents which can reduce the search time needed to finding a parking place.Based on multi-agent model, the fined solution is designed to help drivers in finding a parking space at anytime and anywhere.Three services are offered: the search for a vacant place, directions to a parking space and booking a place for parking.The results of this study generated by the platform MATSim transport simulation, show that our approach optimizes the operation of vehicles in a parking need with the aim of reducing congestion, and improve traffic flow in urban area.A comparison between the first method where the vehicles are random and the second method where vehicles are steered to vacant parking spaces shows that the minimization of time looking for a parking space could improve circulation by reducing the number of cars in the morning of 2% and 0.7% of the evening.In addition, the traffic per hour per day was reduced by approximately 4.17%.

In order to reveal the complex network characteristics and evolution principle of China aviation network, the probability distribution and evolution trace of node nearest neighbor average degree of China aviation network were studied based on the statistics data of China civil aviation network in 1988, 1994, 2001, 2008 and 2015.According to the theory and method of complex network, the network system was constructed with the city where the airport was located as the network node and the route between cities as the edge of the network.Based on the statistical data, the nearest neighbor average degrees of nodes in China aviation network in 1988, 1994, 2001, 2008 and 2015 were calculated.Using the probability statistical analysis method, it was found that the nearest neighbor average degree had the probability distribution of normal function and the position parameters and scale parameters of the probability distribution had linear evolution trace.