The article examines the representation of common and scientific knowledge, as well as various types of semantic relations in the architectural and construction terms used in the records on the construction and repair of the St. Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg. The study focuses on analyzing the reports, orders, notes, descriptions, plans, drawings, royal and office correspondence and other documents of the Chancellery of City Affairs of St. Petersburg, established in 1706. In the Russian language, architectural and construction vocabulary forms an independent segment in the naive and scientific worldview of the native speakers; it forms an extensive term system of architecture, combining literary words and special terms naming the concepts of architecture and architectural activity. The research methodology includes continuous sampling method, definition and etymological analyses. The conducted research leads to the following conclusions: one of the most important features of the architectural and construction vocabulary under study is its proximity to common language, since terminological information is created on the basis of the knowledge about objects that are encoded in conventional lexical meanings of common words; the international core of the architectural term system in Russian are borrowings from Greek and Latin; the units with religious semantics, most of which are loaned from the Greek language, are used to designate church buildings and architectural parts of temples; the analysis of the fideistic terms revealed the presence of various types of semantic relations, namely, monosemy, ambisemy, polysemy and eurysemy, as well as the presence of synonyms, homonyms and paronyms. The novelty of the approach lies in the choice of the matter under study, which might be apposite for lexicographic practice.

This article presents a comparative analysis of the emotional coloring of news texts in Russian and Chinese media using the example of coverage of three key events in 2024: the development of artificial intelligence technologies, the change of power in Syria, and the assassination attempt on Donald Trump. The subject of the research is the emotional and evaluative vocabulary, syntactic techniques and tonality of news texts in Russian and Chinese media in the context of their cultural, political and informational differences. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the use of emotional means of expression, stylistic techniques and strategies for constructing news reports in the media space of the two countries, as well as to determine how national differences in approaches to event coverage affect the perception and formation of public opinion. The paper uses methods of linguistic analysis, including sentiment analysis, syntactic and lexical analysis, which made it possible to assess the degree of expression of emotions and stylistic features of texts. The results of this study showed that the Russian media is characterized by a more restrained and analytical style, in which the emotional assessment of events is mainly conveyed through quotations and choice of vocabulary. In contrast, Chinese media are more actively using vivid emotional and evaluative vocabulary, means of artistic expression (metaphors, rhetorical questions) and interactive syntactic constructions, especially in materials related to technological advances. Russian publications display a neutral or neutral-negative tone, while Chinese publications are more often focused on a neutral-positive presentation of information. The scientific novelty of the study lies in a systematic comparative analysis of the emotional coloring of news texts in Russian and Chinese media using the example of coverage of current international events in 2024. Unlike previous studies, this work focuses not only on lexical and syntactic analysis, but also on cultural and political aspects of shaping the tone of news in the media space of the two countries. The findings of the study highlight the significant difference in approaches to covering events in Russia and China, reflecting cultural and political peculiarities, as well as strategic priorities of media communication in the context of globalization.

The subject of the research is the technique of poetic impressionism in the urban works of Paul Verlaine in the translational interpretation of Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov. The object of the research is the formation of the main principles of the aesthetics of symbolism in Russian poetry of the early 20th century in a creative dialogue with recognized masters of Western poetry. The author examines in detail aspects of the topic such as the translation techniques and methods used by Valery Bryusov, instances where the translated text diverges from the original, the peculiarities of the aesthetics of urbanism as presented by Verlaine, and their transmission by V.Y. Bryusov through the means of the translating language. Particular attention is paid to the moments of impressionism in poetry – the technique of individual images described through a line or quatrain that form a holistic picture of the city as a unified complex impression of the lyrical hero, taking into account the syncretism of visual, auditory, and olfactory impressions characteristic of Verlaine's urbanism. The research material includes three urban poems by Paul Verlaine from the 1870s and their translations into Russian performed by Valery Bryusov. Methods of comparative analysis of the original and the translation are employed, utilizing a line-by-line authorial translation. Semantic analysis, grammatical, and syntactic analysis of the material are also used. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the identified features of Verlaine's urbanism aesthetics in Bryusov's translation: impressionistic representation of the city as a kaleidoscope of diverse impressions, often negative; syncretism of sounds, smells, and visual impressions; the use of nominative sentences and verbless constructions that enhance the impressionistic effect in pointillist technique – verbal and syntactic pointillism. The Russian translation by V.Y. Bryusov enhances the impressionistic effect due to a greater variety of nominative constructions in the Russian language. A unique contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the identification of productive lexical solutions in the translation, the comparison of vocabulary, syntax, and morphology of the translation and the original, and the formulation of the aesthetic and poetic principles of V.Y. Bryusov, who worked on Verlaine's texts in his early years, during the formation of his own aesthetics. The novelty of the research lies in the identification of the principles of impressionism in Verlaine's urban texts, the systematic description of the aesthetics of urbanism and its transmission in the translations of V.Y. Bryusov, and the conducted comparative analysis of the translation and the original.

The article presents a cognitive-discursive analysis of intertextual and pragmatic mechanisms involved in constructing the archetypal image of Iran as an enemy in English-language digital discourse. The subject of the study is the intertextual and pragmatic mechanisms underlying enemy image formation in user comments on the Reddit platform. The aim is to identify and systematize these mechanisms and to describe their interaction. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing role of user-generated digital discourse in shaping public opinion on international conflicts, as well as by insufficient scholarly attention to the cognitive-discursive mechanisms of enemy image construction in online comments. The corpus comprises 300 comments published on Reddit during the US military operation "Epic Fury". The methodology includes cognitive-discursive analysis drawing on C. G. Jung's theory of archetypes, V. Ya. Propp's narrative morphology, G. Lakoff and M. Johnson's Conceptual Metaphor Theory, E. W. Said's concept of Orientalism, J. Culpeper's impoliteness theory, and T. A. van Dijk's ideological square model. The analysis identified three archetypal enemy models: "absolute evil" (Iran as an existential threat), "enemy of the Christian world" (emphasis on religious confrontation), and "barbarian" (dehumanization through zoomorphic metaphors and markers of uncivilizedness). The findings demonstrate that these mechanisms operate in a mode of cognitive resonance, mutually reinforcing their impact on the reader. The novelty lies in applying an integrative cognitive-discursive model to user-generated digital discourse and in identifying the cognitive resonance mechanism. The results are applicable to developing digital political discourse models, media literacy education, and information-psychological countermeasures.

Today, marketplaces are a platform for communication between sellers and buyers around the world. And while customer interaction with digital platforms is usually limited to ordering goods from the search feed and receiving them at the delivery point, communication between marketplaces and their sellers is much more complex. The latter determines which goods will be available to buyers and which will not. In this context, the way in which interaction between the marketplace and the seller is structured on the online platform takes on particular importance. The subject of the study is the models of communication between marketplaces and sellers implemented through the personal accounts of digital platforms. The analysis focuses on how marketplaces form, encode and transmit messages that influence seller behaviour in conditions of economic instability and crisis. The object of the study is the personal accounts of sellers on the three largest platforms: Russia — Ozon, USA — Walmart Marketplace, Singapore — Shein, which allows for a comparison of domestic and foreign communication practices. The work uses a systematic approach to studying the communications of marketplaces and sellers, which made it possible to identify their features and structure. The method of modelling complex systems was used to clearly present the communication process of the subjects described, describe and characterise communication channels. As part of the semiotic approach, the content of messages for sellers embedded in the design of personal account interfaces was analysed. This made it possible to identify the types of communication between marketplaces and sellers through personal accounts. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that communication between marketplaces and sellers is described as an independent media system. It has been established that, regardless of the geographical region, the dominant type of communication is informational, based on numerical indicators, ratings, statuses, and dashboards. Empirical data on three platforms show that the share of text posted in personal accounts ranges from 16% to 30% of the screen space, with visual and numerical elements occupying more space than expanded text formulations. Differences in the emotional tone of marketplace texts have been identified. It has been concluded that in times of crisis, personal accounts become a key channel for communication management: through them, the platform establishes rules of conduct for sellers and resolves conflicts.

The subject of the study is the values in the tales of P. P. Bazhov and the ways they are explicated in the text. The object of the study is the value potential of Bazhov's tales from the collection "The Malachite Box" (1939). The author considers aspects such as the concept of value in modern humanities, the main spiritual and moral values in the fairy tale works of the Ural writer, and the ways of linguistic explication of these values in his works. Special attention is paid to the semantics of lexemes in Bazhov's tales, revealing their value potential. The values in the tales of P. P. Bazhov are examined in the article as part of the regional Ural mentality, characteristic of mining workers and other residents of settlements in the Ural region where all Bazhov's tales take place. The features of the explication of key values in P. P. Bazhov's tales are established through the methods of linguoaxiological analysis developed in the Ural school of linguoculturology. The novelty of the research lies in identifying and systematizing the key spiritual and moral values in P. P. Bazhov's tales, as well as the main ways of their explication in the artistic text. The axiological aspect of Bazhov's tales is underdeveloped in humanitarian studies; therefore, the research aims to address this gap. The axiological aspect of P. P. Bazhov's tales is revealed in the article by N. B. Gramatikova through the concept of "mysterious power," but she does not focus on the linguistic features of the axiological content of the tales, adhering to an ethnographic approach in the study. Modern studies by L. G. Lapina, Yan Yuybin, and other authors briefly and indirectly touch upon the axiology of P. P. Bazhov's tales, raising the issue of values in the context of other linguocultural problems. In the course of the study, we concluded that the key values in P. P. Bazhov's tales, reflecting the worldview of Ural mining workers, are craftsmanship, hard work, love, and mutual assistance. A characteristic value for the fairy tale genre is the value of mysterious power. For the explication of values, P. P. Bazhov uses lexemes denoting qualities such as hard work, perseverance, kindness, etc.; phraseologisms and proverbs; and dialect words.

The subject of the study is the emotion of joy and its components identified using the semantic differential method, illustrated with examples from English and Spanish. The semantic differential and its application to the study of joy occupy a significant position in contemporary linguistics. Emotions determine human behavior, influence self-perception and perceptions of others, and are linked to the overall level of personal well-being. Joy is traditionally viewed as a positive emotional state; however, its internal structure is far from homogeneous, encompassing various shades of experience, from calm satisfaction to exuberant delight. Therefore, analyzing the close components of joy and the linguistic means of their expression in different languages becomes particularly important for successful and effective communication in various contexts. The methods and methodology of the research include the semantic differential method itself, based on which scales for questionnaires were developed; the questionnaire method for collecting relevant material; as well as structural analysis. The main conclusion of this study is the identification of the key components of joy and their semantic characteristics in English and Spanish through the semantic differential method using a ten-point questionnaire. Conclusions were drawn about the connection of the concept of joy for representatives of English-speaking linguistic culture with components such as "activity," "mystery," "individualism," and with the concepts of "collective," "openness," "lightness," and "loudness" for representatives of Spanish-speaking linguistic culture. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the key components of joy using the semantic differential method based on questionnaires from native speakers. Utilizing Ch. Osgood’s method allowed for the identification of implicit evaluative aspects by which native speakers differentiate the concept of "joy" in English-speaking and Spanish-speaking linguistic cultures. The analysis of the results from the semantic differential opens new opportunities for subsequent applied research.

The article addresses the pressing issue of the development of modern Russian-language prose in a cross-cultural space and focuses on the works of young Armenian authors dedicated to the dramatic events in the lives of our contemporaries and former compatriots in the new period of history – the post-Soviet era. The two debut texts analyzed in the article are the novel "Dismantling" by Aren Vanyan and the story "Where" by Koli Stepanyan, which reflect the historical upheavals of recent years and the fates of their participants in the forms of family saga with a multilayered narrative and a compact travelogue. The works of young authors provide insight into how our neighbors constructed and experienced their independence and how they are rebuilding their lives now, their worldview and life priorities as young contemporaries, as well as demonstrate the genre and stylistic range of Russian-language Armenian prose. The article employs principles of hermeneutics, historical-comparative methods, and intertextual and intermedial analysis in the examination and comparison of the works. The novelty of the conducted research is associated with the introduction into academic discourse of new Russian-language texts created by authors from a generation born after the collapse of the Soviet Union, who thoughtfully engage with historical experience, their place in the coordinates of a changing world, their personal, national, and civic identity, and, of course, their creative principles. The article analyzes the intense search by young writers for artistic forms and language capable of organically capturing the dramatic collisions of recent history and the internal problems of contemporary individuals; it explores the literary and cultural traditions that have influenced the debut authors in one way or another; it touches upon the intertextual aspects of the works, reflecting on their genre nature. The article includes excerpts from an interview with one of the writers, which he gave to the authors of this research (the interview is being prepared for publication).

The article is devoted to the problem of language interference that arises in the process of learning Chinese by Russian-speaking students. The paper examines the theoretical foundations of the concept of interference in Russian and international linguistics, analyzes its types and features as manifested in the conditions of subordinative bilingualism. Particular attention is paid to phonetic interference caused by the differences in the articulatory bases of Russian and Chinese, as well as to lexical-semantic and grammatical-syntactic difficulties encountered by Russian-speaking students in mastering the analytical structure of the Chinese language. Based on the oral and written speech of students from Moscow State Pedagogical University (MSPU) and the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), the study identifies the most frequent interference errors, including mistakes in the use of modal verbs and classifiers, as well as in the construction of sentences with qualitative predicates and locative markers. The analysis of the collected data makes it possible to determine the systematic nature of interference and its influence on the development of learners’ intercultural communicative competence. The study employed methods of contrastive analysis, pedagogical observation, questionnaires, and analysis of students’ written works and oral utterances, which allowed the identification and classification of interference errors. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive description and systematization of interference errors made by Russian-speaking students in learning Chinese at the phonetic, lexical-semantic, and grammatical-syntactic levels. Unlike studies focused primarily on phonetic difficulties, this work views interference as a multi-level process reflecting the specific interaction between two linguistic systems. The findings demonstrate that interference errors are stable and recurring, which complicates the development of foreign language communicative competence. The identification and classification of typical errors make it possible not only to gain a deeper understanding of Russian-Chinese interference in subordinative bilingualism but also to develop practical methodological recommendations for teachers of Chinese in further studies. Taking these errors into account will contribute to designing effective strategies for teaching Chinese as a foreign language.

The subject of this study is A.P. Platonov's true story "The Unknown Flower," as well as the short stories "Dry Bread" and "Flower on the Ground," in their genre-poetical unity and in relation to folklore tradition. This article analyzes the functioning of folk wisdom as a meaning-forming and structural element of Andrei Platonovich Platonov's artistic world. The focus is on the transformation of folklore tradition in the author's poetics, where folk wisdom becomes a form of artistic knowledge and socio-philosophical reflection. The article reveals the organic unity of the embodiment of folk wisdom in various forms of short fiction by the writer. The consistent use of "childish perception" proves to be a stable element fulfilling the function of cognition of the fundamental laws of existence in the artistic system of A.P. Platonov. The methodological basis is formed by a comparative-contrastive analysis and an intertextual approach applied to the fairy tale "The Unknown Flower" and the short stories "Dry Bread" and "Flower on the Ground" in their correlation with the folk tale tradition and the writer's novels. The scientific novelty of this work lies in its first comprehensive and multifaceted systematic analysis of folk wisdom as a stable, pervasive element of A.P. Platonov's artistic system, using the unique material of his short fiction. This novelty is also determined by the fact that it is in these short fiction genres that the author's key philosophical intuitions, long overshadowed by his novels, most clearly crystallize. The multifaceted symbolism of the central images is understood as the personification of life's resilience and a metaphor for the tragic fate of ordinary people under the harsh conditions of the social experiments of the 1920s–1950s. The article concludes that folk wisdom in small genres serves as an effective tool for socio-philosophical reflection and a genuine ideological alternative to the utopian projects presented in The Foundation Pit and Chevengur.