The muscular performance of the lumbar spine is frequently assessed in studies that compare populations with and without low back pain. However, the gold standard equipment used to evaluate the strength of these muscles has a high cost. Therefore, rarely used in the clinical practice of health professionals, being the handheld dynamometer is an accessible alternative for use in clinical practice. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the reliability of the handheld dynamometer in the measurement of maximum voluntary isometric contraction of trunk extensors in healthy adults. Twenty-six healthy adults of both sexes (21.53± 1.88 years old) performed the test and retest with a 1-week interval. The comparison between test-retest demonstrated high and very high intraclass correlation coefficient for peak strength (0.82; 0.60 to 0.92) and mean strength (0.90; 0.76 to 0.95), respectively. Also, the Bland-Altman analyses indicate an error of 5.10 kg for peak strength and 5.7 kg for mean strength. In addition, the minimum detectable change for peak strength was 6.03kg (16.18%) and 5.92 kg for mean strength (20.95%). In conclusion, the test presents high reliability for the extensor muscles of the trunk in healthy adults. Therefore, the use of the handheld dynamometer can be indicated for clinical practice. Keywords: manual dynamometer; assessment; force; back strength; evidence-based practice.

Individualized intervention structured through personalized training is an important tool for exercise professionals and a service of potential importance for the health and well-being of exercisers. Personalized training is a practice developed nationally by thousands of professionals and relatively common in various contexts, where gyms and health clubs stand out in particular. Considering the reduced national production of literature on this topic and assuming the importance and relevance of issuing updated recommendations that derive from concrete limitations observed in the context of practice, this article has the main objective of issuing guidelines and operational recommendations that allow for admeasurement and regulation of the work implemented in this context, aiming at a critical reflection and improvement of the service provided. The recommendations issued also seek, in addition to the support associated with the performance of the professional practice, to help to clarify what should constitute and delimit the provision of this service in the eyes of a practitioner, pointing out a path that aims to standardize behaviors and actions ethically and professionally recommended, which can and should be assumed in the provision of personalized training, and allow to create a clearer, more objective, and delimited social image of this individualized service. KEYWORDS: gymnasiums; health clubs; personal training; individual training; physical exercise

Infrared thermography has become increasingly common in sports assessment and has grown a lot over the past few years. Our objective was to identify the assessment protocols and the skin temperature behavior of practitioners of endurance sports. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA recommendations between the 1st and the 31st of March 2020, at MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS, SPORT Discus, CINAHL, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Scielo, using combinations with 11 descriptors for “thermography” and 6 descriptors for “endurance training”. It was identified 24 different regions of interest evaluated region in endurance sports. The acclimatization time was respected in 75% of the selected studies, and the thermal images were acquired predominantly in three moments: before the test, immediately after the test, and 10 minutes after the test. It was observed that Tskin decreased in the initial moments and increased after exercise. It can be concluded that the regions of interest used were mostly the specific muscle recruited in each modality, with emphasis on the muscle groups of the lower limbs, and after this initial decrease in temperature, the thermal response is mainly dependent on the duration and intensity of exercise. KEYWORDS: endurance training; thermography; cycling; running

O polo aquático é um desporto que solicita ambos os sistemas energéticos, razão pela qual o seu desenvolvimento e avaliação são fundamentais. Jogadores com melhor desempenho em testes de aptidão aeróbia conseguirão melhor resistir à fadiga específica do jogo, enquanto níveis elevados de velocidade serão decisivos para se propulsionarem e realizarem de forma veloz os movimentos acíclicos típicos do polo aquático. Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar e relacionar os testes multietapa e de sprint usados para aferir a potência aeróbia e a velocidade máxima de nado de jogadores de polo aquático. Foram avaliados 66 jogadores masculinos Sub14 (14.0±0.5 anos de idade) da Associação de Natação do Norte de Portugal. Os jogadores realizaram: (i) o teste multietapa, nadando percursos de 10 m na técnica de crol, iniciando a 0.90 m.s-1 e aumentando 0.05 m.s-1, registando-se a distância final e (ii) o teste de sprint, na distância de 10 m, sendo considerado o melhor tempo após três tentativas (cf. Richichi et al., 2000). Foi testada a normalidade dos dados através do teste Shapiro-Wilk e, pelo facto da distribuição não ter sido normal, calculou-se a mediana, o intervalo interquartil (IIQ) e os valores mínimos e máximos de cada variável. Seguidamente, o grau de relação entre as variáveis foi obtido através do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (r) para um p ≤ 0.05 (SPSS). No teste multietapa registou-se a mediana de 60 m de distância percorrida (IIQ: 63 m) e de 30 (nível 1) a 230 m (nível 4) de valores mínimos e máximos. No teste de velocidade de nado registou-se a mediana de 7.43 s (IIQ: 1.41 s) e de 5.41 a 12.02 s de valores mínimos e máximos. Observou-se uma relação inversa forte entre as variáveis em análise (r = - 0.80; p < 0.001). Os valores de aptidão aeróbia e velocidade demonstraram uma heterogeneidade significativa, a qual pode justificar-se pela curta experiência dos jogadores, sobretudo em situação de avaliação. As diferenças maturacionais próprias deste escalão etário poderão também ajudar a explicar a dispersão observada. O coeficiente de correlação observado entre prestações motoras encontra-se próximo de -1, evidenciando que quanto melhor a prestação aeróbia, menor será o tempo no teste de sprint, pelo que os jogadores com melhor performance aeróbia são também os mais velozes em distâncias curtas. Está descrito na literatura que jogadores de polo aquático com melhor desempenho aeróbio conseguem melhor resistir à fadiga, apresentando um rendimento desportivo superior quer do ponto de vista da condição física quer das habilidades técnicas (Botonis et al., 2015). Uma melhoria na capacidade de sprint será também decisiva para as fases de início e aceleração no início de cada período de jogo, assim como para cada jogador se conseguir deslocar de forma adequada, por exemplo, num contra-ataque.

This article aimed to summarize the evidence from studies on how participation in physical education (PE) classes based on sports education (EDE) has been related to physical activity (PA) in adolescents, especially regarding participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), psychological and social factors. A systematic review was carried out that included eight electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, ERIC, and COCHRANE). An initial search reached 162 titles, remaining 149 after removing duplicates. Another ten studies were included based on the reference lists, totaling 159 studies in the identification phase. In the screening, 89 references were excluded, remaining 70 references for full-text analysis. In this stage, 53 references were excluded, resulting in 17 references that met the inclusion criteria. The studies were carried out between 2002 and 2017, mostly in the United States. Most studies reported improvements in psychological and social factors, especially motivation. The data on the participation of adolescents in MVPA were contradictory and inconclusive, making it difficult to understand the model's contribution to students' PA practice.

The aim of this study was twofold: (a) to verify the effects of different periods of Menstrual Cycle (MC) (menstrual and non-menstrual) of women who use (users) or did not use (non-users) oral contraceptive (OC); (b) to compare the influence of the use of different doses of OCs at these MC moments. Two groups, women who did not use OC (NCG = 13) and women who use OC (CG = 13). The participants were assessed on the 1st or 2nd day of their menstrual period and the 14th or 15th day post-menstrual period. The Peak Torque (PT) and work (W) variables were evaluated at all MC moments. To compare the estrogen dosage, CG was subdivided into two subgroups, (ULCG = 6) that used ultra-low doses of estrogen and a group (LCG = 7) that used low. No interaction (group x period) was observed for PTisometric (F=0.170, p=0.687), PTconcentric (F=0.495, p=0.495) and PTeccentric (F=0.348, p=0.566), Wconcentric (F=0.001, p=0.971) and Weccentric (F=0.075, p=0.790). In addition, no significant interactions (dose x period) were observed in the torque parameters between women who used OC at different estrogen dosages (PTisometric: F=0.803, p=0.411; PTconcentric: F=0.548, p=0.492; PTeccentric: F=0.239, p=0.645; Wconcentric: F=0.030, p=0.869, Weccentric: F=0.027, p=0.876). In conclusion, using or not using OC seems to have no effect on torque parameters at the different moments of MC. Furthermore, the different doses of the OCs did not seem to promote effects on torque and work during MC.

This study investigated the effects of transition command related to caller location (front, back, right and left side of the take-off board) and type of caller communication (voice and clap hands) on the long jump performance by visually impaired athletes. Eight long jumpers with visual impairment (T11 class), both male and female, with an average age of 26.35 years (± 6.29), and their respective callers (n = 5) took part in this experiment. Two conditions were experimentally manipulated: (i) caller location and (ii) type of communication. Two long jumps were performed in each location under each type of communication, totalizing 16 long jumps per athlete. Results showed that type of command, as well as the callers' locations, affected similarly the performance of the long jump by visually impaired athletes. They also showed that athletes and callers' preferences for the type of transition command and positioning location had the same effects.

No desenvolvimento deste estudo tivemos como principais objetivos identificar e avaliar a atitude dos jovens universitários acerca da contraceção oral de emergência, variação em função do género e avaliar qual a relação desta atitude com a adoção de comportamentos sexuais de risco. Para o efeito implementámos um estudo descritivo-correlacional, transversal de natureza quantitativa, com recurso a uma amostra não probabilística de 457 jovens universitários. Verificámos que na nossa amostra a maioria dos jovens eram do sexo feminino (61.7%) sendo a média de idades de 21.04 anos (21.04 ± 2.59), a larga maioria dos estudantes referiu que já teve relações sexuais (80.5%). No que diz respeito ao hábito de falar com os pais sobre sexualidade/contracepção, apenas 36.1% referiu este hábito, Relativamente à atitude face ao uso da contraceção oral de emergência, podemos concluir que, ela é positiva na generalidade dos estudantes com uma pontuação média global de 2.80, não se verificando diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os sexos (t= .607, p= .544). Também em relação adoção de comportamentos de risco pelos estudantes não se verificou relação com a atitude global face ao uso da contraceção oral de emergência (U= -1.080, p= .662), nem com alguma das subescalas da atitude.

O 1º Simpósio Internacional de Atividades Físicas e Lutas proporcionou discussão, reflexão e prática acerca das bases teórico-metodológicas dirigidas às intervenções na área de Atividade Física, Esportes, Nutrição e Saúde. A hipocinesia e sedentarismo tem sido o grande mal da humanidade, proporcionando danos a saúde e ainda diminuindo a perspectiva de vida das pessoas. Outrossim, nunca se ouviu falar tanto em depressão, ansiedade e outros probelmas psicossociais potencializado pela falta de atividades físicas. Além disso, as lutas tem assumido cada vez mais importância junto a sociedade e a qualidade de vida. As discussões serviram para embasar cada vez mais a necessidade do movimento na sobrevivência humana lifgadas a atuação dos profissionais da saúde. Assim, a discussão e a atualização constante é fator imprescindível para o crescimento profissional.

Introduction: Lower back pain (LBP), one of the main causes of pain, employee absenteeism and disabilities, exhibits a multifactorial and degenerative etiology, with different characteristics. Objective: a) analyze the acute effect of osteopathic treatment on the temperature of three dermatomes of patients with chronic lumbago; and b) assess the subjective pain perception of patients before and after an osteopathic session. Materials and methods: Quasi-experimental cross-sectional study of 14 individuals treated at a physical therapy clinic in Brasilia, Brazil. Data collection included physical therapy, pain scale (VAS), thermographic and anthropometric assessment. Treatment consisted of a single osteopathic session. Results and conclusions: leg and foot temperature declined (∆% = 2.91 and 4.76%, respectively, p = 0005) in the innervations of 2 regions of interest (ROIs) of the L4 lower limb dermatome and pain levels decreased (∆% = 65.98 and 59.92%, p = 0.005) in the men and women, respectively. In addition, a strong correlation was observed between the maximum (r=0.742 and p-value = 0.002) and mean temperature variations of the lumbar region (r=0.733 and p-value = 0.003), according to the VAS. It was concluded that acute osteopathic treatment was efficient in varying the temperature at reference points of the dermatome analyzed and lowering pain perception, suggesting the effectiveness of the proposed treatment.