In this study, a novel ternary photocatalyst, composed of BiOCl, ZnS, and ZnO, was successfully prepared for the first time via a mixed method followed by thermal treatment, which possessed a dual Type-II heterojunction structure. This composite exhibited substantially boosted photocatalytic degradation efficiency toward tetracycline (TC) under simulated sunlight. The microstructure, crystal morphology, charge transfer properties, and optical absorption behavior of the composite were systematically characterized and analyzed. The results demonstrated that the dual type-II heterojunction formed among ZnS, ZnO, and BiOCl effectively broadened the light absorption range and promoted the separation of photogenerated carriers, thereby significantly enhancing the photocatalytic activity. Active species trapping experiments and ESR tests confirmed that ·OH and ·O 2 - were the main active species in this photocatalytic system. The degradation efficiency of TC by this ternary catalyst under visible light reached as high as 95.8%, and it still maintained excellent stability after five consecutive cycles. Band structure analysis further revealed the charge separation mechanism in the dual type-II heterojunction. This novel dual type-II heterojunction is expected to provide new insights into the efficient degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants.

The magnetic properties of boron-doped SrTiO 3 (SrTi 0.75 B 0.25 O 3 ) without and with different vacancies (Sr, Ti and O) are investigated through first-principles calculations. The (B, B)-doping prefers occupy the nearest-neighbor Ti sites in ferromagnetic orders and generates a significantly improved spin magnetization. Spin density distribution changes from uniformly distributed to centrally localized by introducing three types of vacancies, while keeping an approximately equal net magnetic moment of 2 μ B . The net magnetic moments are mainly derived from the magnetized O atoms, except in the system of SrTi 0.75 B 0.25 O 3 with oxygen vacancy, where the Ti and O atoms contribute equally to the total magnetic moment. The synergistic effects of strong p-d and relative weak s-p hybridizations lead to the asymmetric electronic states and induce magnetic moments. The calculation findings reveal that the combination of vacancies and boron-doping in SrTiO 3 can be an efficient strategy to modulate the half-metallic or metallic ferromagnetism behavior.

This study investigates the phase evolution and magnetic properties of YMn 0.5 Fe 0.5 O 3 near its morphotropic phase boundary, with a specific focus on the role of reaction kinetics modified by pre-sintering compaction. Experimental results indicate that eliminating macroscopic voids via pellet-pressing facilitates a more complete solid-state reaction. This process drives a partial structural transition from a metastable, geometrically frustrated layered hexagonal phase (P6 3 cm) to a three-dimensional orthorhombic phase (Pnma). 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy reveals that the enhanced structural dimensionality allows iron ions to overcome the magnetic frustration associated with the initial large quadrupole splitting (1.20 mm/s), establishing a robust G-type antiferromagnetic order. Furthermore, macroscopic magnetic measurements demonstrate that the transition to the orthorhombic phase is accompanied by the emergence of weak ferromagnetism. This magnetic behavior originates from the cooperative tilting of MO 6 octahedra, which breaks local inversion symmetry and activates the antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (D-M) interaction. Consequently, optimizing solid-state reaction conditions proves essential for tuning the spin-lattice coupling and magnetic ground states in complex multiferroic solid solutions.

Implant-associated infections and insufficient osseointegration remain major challenges that limit long term clinical performance of orthopedic implants. In recent years, near infrared (NIR) light triggered photothermal and photodynamic strategies have attracted increasing attention as efficient and controllable antibacterial approaches. In this work, a Mn-doped TiO 2 coating was fabricated on a Ti substrate via micro arc oxidation, followed by surface assembly of Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets using polydopamine as an interfacial mediator, thereby constructing a multifunctional MT@Ti 3 C 2 composite coating with combined antibacterial and osteogenic potential. The resulting coating exhibits enhanced hydrophilicity, improved corrosion resistance, and stable interfacial adhesion, providing a favorable surface environment for biological interactions. The incorporation of Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets endows the coating with pronounced NIR responsiveness. Under 808 nm NIR irradiation, the MT@Ti 3 C 2 coating exhibits a pronounced photothermal response and significantly enhanced reactive oxygen species generation, including singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals, compared with the MT coating, which synergistically contributes to strong antibacterial activities with efficiencies of 98.4% against Escherichia coli and 96.8% against Staphylococcus aureus. In vitro simulated body fluid tests demonstrate that the coating effectively induces the formation of bone like hydroxyapatite, indicating enhanced bioactivity. Further in vitro cell studies reveal good cytocompatibility of the MT@Ti 3 C 2 coating, along with promoted early cell adhesion and enhanced cell proliferation, highlighting its potential for multifunctional surface modification of orthopedic implants.

Polyester is easily flammable, generating melting droplets and dense smoke, resulting in secondary hazards. In this paper, utilizing phosphoric acid, pentaerythritol, phosphorus pentachloride ([Formula: see text]) and ethanolamine as raw materials, a novel nitrogen–phosphorus flame retardant is synthesized for the flame-retardant treatment of polyester fibers. The flame-retardant polyester treated is characterized in terms of performance by means of TG-DSC, SEM, limiting oxygen index (LOI) testing, vertical burning testing and tensile testing. With a flame-retardant additive amount of 100[Formula: see text]g/L, the damage length of the polyester sample strand is merely 4[Formula: see text]cm, exhibiting no continuous burning or afterglow time, with an LOI value reaching 30.3%. This value surpasses that of untreated polyester by 11.2%. Furthermore, even after undergoing 50 cycles of water washing treatment, the LOI value remains above 30.0%. The polyester treated with the nitrogen–phosphorus flame retardant demonstrates reduced smoke, nearly no melting droplets and flame retardancy characterized by both gas-phase and condensed-phase mechanisms.

Poor conductivity of UiO-66 severely limited the electrochemical performances in the supercapacitors, which were alleviated and improved by combining with polypyrrole (PPy) with high conductivity and pseudocapacitive properties. Herein, a series of UiO-66@x%PPy (x=5, 10, 20, 30) composites were prepared by solvothermal reaction followed by in-situ polymerization of pyrrole(PPy), furthermore, the influence of PPy’s loading on the structural properties was also systematically investigated. Desirably, the obtained composites maintained the “rigid-flexible” core-shell octahedral structure, furthermore, the UiO-66@20%PPy composite exhibited the highest electrochemical performances with the specific capacitance of 204.1 F/g in a three-electrode system and 118.18 F/g in a two-electrode system at 1 A/g, furthermore, the asymmetric two-electrode supercapacitor exhibited a high capacitance retention of 88.25% after 2000 cycles at 2 A/g. The synergistic effect between the continuous three dimensional (3D) conductive network of PPy phase and double-layer capacitance of porous UiO-66 framework may be responsible for the desirable results. Seemingly, an effective interfacial strategy was indeed beneficial for developing high-performance UiO-66-based supercapacitor.

In view of the problem that epoxy resin (EP) cannot achieve effective flame retardancy, smoke and toxic gas suppression functions in fire, and poor interface compatibility with flame retardants, a core-shell structure with SiO 2 as the nucleus was designed, and a new multicomponent flame retardant was prepared by introducing Ni and phytic acid using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as precursors. After mixing and curing with EP, the SiO 2 /CoNi-DH-PA/EP was obtained. With only 5% SiO 2 /CoNi-DH-PA added, the peak heat release, total smoke production and total CO production of EP composites are reduced by 63.72%, 31.88% and 63.74%, respectively, and the residue yield increased from 15.05% to 24.40%. It has been verified that SiO 2 , Co–Ni bimetallic ions and phytic acid have synergistic effects, which can induce and catalyze the formation of a complete and dense carbon layer. This significantly reduces the heat release, smoke and toxic gas production, thereby reducing the fire hazard of EP. Additionally, the SiO 2 /CoNi-DH-PA/EP ensures good mechanical properties.

This work focuses on fabricating sea urchin-like ZnO/g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction photocatalytic films on zinc foil surfaces via a one-step hydrothermal synthesis combined with self-assembly and electrochemical deposition. The photocatalytic activity is synergistically enhanced by the UV-light absorption of ZnO and visible-light absorption of g-C 3 N 4 . This synergy results in an expanded UV–Vis spectral response range. The materials’ surface morphology, crystalline phase composition, and optical properties were characterized through a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry. The influences of reaction time, temperature, precursor concentration, electrodeposition voltage, and duration on the films’ morphology and structure were systematically evaluated. The unique hierarchical ZnO/g-C 3 N 4 framework was found to provide abundant catalytically active sites, significantly enhancing photocatalytic performance. Synergistic enhancement of visible-light absorption and bandgap narrowing in the composite collectively boosted the material’s photocatalytic activity. The prepared ZnO/g-C 3 N 4 films demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic activity in decomposing methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The ZnO/g-C 3 N 4 composite achieved a removal efficiency of over 81.62% for methyl orange after 60[Formula: see text]min of visible light irradiation, with a degradation rate constant ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]min[Formula: see text]) that is 1.3-fold higher than that of pure ZnO ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]min[Formula: see text]), corresponding to a [Formula: see text]% enhancement in degradation rate. Compared to other catalysts, ZnO/g-C 3 N 4 demonstrated superior performance in terms of stability, recyclability, and no detectable byproducts. It is anticipated to emerge as a promising candidate for advanced photocatalytic materials with broad applications.

Environmental pollution poses a significant challenge for modern society, making the advancement of environmental management a critical priority. As porous coordination polymers, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit tunable nanostructures, high porosity and large specific surface areas, making MOFs and their derivatives or composites highly promising for environmental applications. Despite the numerous advantages of MOF composites, their rigid and brittle powder morphology presents significant obstacles to their recyclability and reusability. 3D printing (3DP) offers an effective approach to address these limitations by enabling the rapid fabrication of customized devices with complex lattice geometries and hierarchical porosity. This review systematically reveals, for the first time, the cross-scale structure-performance relationship from “structural regulation” to “performance applications.” This review commences with an overview of the principles and process of 3DP MOF composites. It then proceeds to examine the fabrication techniques and device configurations used in producing 3D-printed MOF composites, along with their applications in environmental management. Finally, it evaluates the current challenges and opportunities in this field and outlines future directions for the development of 3D-printed MOF composites in environmental technologies.

In this study, titanium oxide (TiO[Formula: see text] has been considered as an electrochromic material with great potential due to its low operating voltage, fast switching time and other advantages. The electrochromic device based on amorphous TiO 2 (Glass/FTO/TiO 2 /Electrolyte/NiO/FTO/Glass) has been prepared, and the effects of the electrochemical and electrochromic performance of the device are systematically explored by cyclic voltammetry. The electrochromic device at 450[Formula: see text]nm shows the largest transmittance modulation of 78% and the largest coloration efficiency of 137.3[Formula: see text]cm 2 /C. In addition, the prepared device exhibits uniform coloring without defect during electrochromism, which indicates that it has great development value in energy-saving, smart-window and other fields.