Objectives:To investigate the clinical results of optic neuritis (ON) patients in a tertiary medical facility in Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Methods:The data of patients assessed for ON at Makkah, Saudi Arabia’s King Abdullah Medical Center (KAMC), was examined retrospectively.Results:We identified 15 patients with ON. The ON was caused by multiple sclerosis (MS) in 73.3% of patients and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in 26.7% of patients. The disease was bilateral in 60% of patients and unilateral in 40% of patients. Additionally, 60% of patients had 2 or more episodes of ON, whereas 40% had a single episode. Patients with ON who presented with painful eye movements had a significantly longer disease duration (p=0.032). Moreover, patients whose disease duration was 11–15 days did not achieve a complete resolution of their symptoms and experienced some residual vision loss compared to 30.8% who had continued visual changes (p=0.049).Conclusion:In the studied population, multiple sclerosis was the most prevalent cause of ON. Women were more likely to have ON. The prognosis for eyesight was substantially connected with the length of ON.

To assess the impact of a stroke code on the door to needle time during Hajj at a tertiary center in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Stroke is one of the most common medical problems globally. Tissue plasminogen activator is an effective treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, its efficacy is time-dependent. We conducted a retrospective study on acute ischemic stroke patients who presented within the study window and were eligible for intravenous thrombolysis therapy at King Abdullah Medical City in Makkah between September 1, 2015 and July 2020. Sixty-nine patients received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and enrolled in this study, 28 patients of which presented during the Hajj period. We found a statistically significant reduction in both the door to needle time and the door to computed tomography time during the Hajj period. In addition, the length of hospital stay reduced significantly in the same period CONCLUSION: We observed a 44% reduction in the door to needle time during the implementation of the stroke code. However, we did not observe a significant difference in clinical outcomes. This study is limited by its small sample size and it lacks a long follow-up for clinical conditions.

Objectives:To evaluate Epileptic drop attacks (EDAs) treatment options among pediatric neurologists in Saudi Arabia (SA) and to develop a recommendation scheme for the management of EDAs in SA. Epileptic drop attacks are one of the most pharmaco-resistant epileptic seizures. The different approaches to EDA treatment are influenced by a variety of factors, including pharmaceutical availability, costs, side effects, treating physicians’ experience and personal preferences.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted online. A structured questionnaire that aimed to measure the therapeutic options for patients with EDA was electronically distributed to pediatric neurologists across SA. It contained 21 questions, and the data were collected in Excel sheets and analyzed.Results:Our study included a cohort of 71 pediatric neurologists from SA, of which male doctors represented 60%. Most of the participating pediatric neurologists had more than 10 years of experience in the field. We found that 77% of the included pediatric neurologists used valproic acid as a first-line drug in patients with EDA. Further, in the different case scenarios provided to participants, levetiracetam, clobazam, topiramate, and rufinamide were included in the initial management protocol for EDA.Conclusion:The majority of pediatric neurologists in Saudi Arabia chose valproic acid and/or levetiracetam as the first line of treatment for EDA. These results highlight the need for an evidence-based clinical guidelines to treat EDA.

Pediatric sleep disorders are a common, mainly among children with pre-existing disabilities, neurological conditions, and neurodevelopmental disorders. The consequences are variable, and sleep disorders may be associated with deficits in neurocognitive performance and growth failure. Rising awareness about sleep disorders among pediatricians will improve the early diagnosis and management of these disorders. This review describes normal sleep patterns in infants and children and provide a recent update on common sleep disorders that improve the diagnosis and treatment of children with sleep disorders.