Historical production data from November 2021 to February 2022 revealed that polybox plastic containers suffered from a 2.84% defect rate, exceeding the company’s 2% threshold. This study applies the Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) methodology to enhance product quality. The Define phase utilized SIPOC and Critical to Quality (CTQ) diagrams to outline quality characteristics. In the Measure phase, P and U Control Charts established a baseline performance with a Defect Per Million Opportunities (DPMO) of 8,420 and a sigma level of 3.89. The Analyze phase employed Fishbone diagrams and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to isolate root causes. High Risk Priority Numbers (RPN) highlighted worker carelessness (294), welding inaccuracies (252), and manual handling issues (210). Consequently, the Improve phase implemented new Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), welding guidelines, and hand-truck trolleys. Post-implementation monitoring during the Control phase showed immediate improvements: the DPMO dropped to 6,305, and the sigma level increased to 3.99. These findings confirm the efficacy of Six Sigma interventions in reducing manufacturing defects and aligning production with quality standards.

Workers in small-scale industries often experience physical fatigue and musculoskeletal complaints during manual production activities. This research focuses on operators in a Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) producing cowhide crackers, where symptoms of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are commonly reported. The purpose of this study is to identify the level of worker discomfort, assess the likelihood of MSD occurrence, and determine appropriate recommendations to reduce ergonomic risk. The Nordic Body Map (NBM) was used to identify complaint areas, Cardiovascular Load (CVL) was employed to assess physical workload intensity, and the ERIN method was applied to evaluate postural risk. The NBM results showed high discomfort levels at the boiling and frying workstations, with scores of 81 and 76.3, respectively. CVL findings also indicated elevated workload at the same stations, with values of 45% and 38%, suggesting fatigue and the need for improvement. Meanwhile, the ERIN assessment showed medium postural risk in one frying activity, low risk in two sub-activities, and high risk in two boiling sub-activities. As a result, a redesign of tools and workstation layout was proposed and simulated using CATIA. The simulation results demonstrate a reduction in MSD risk, where the ERIN score decreased from 34 (high) to 14 (low), confirming the effectiveness of the redesigned workstation.

The bag manufacturing industry is one of the most resource-intensive and environmentally impactful sectors, producing significant waste and emissions during manufacturing. This study focuses on the Audero Bag, a product of the Less Catino brand, which contributes the most to production waste among all models. This research applies the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method following ISO 14040:2006 to evaluate the environmental impact of each production stage, from material cutting to finished goods, within a gate-to-gate system boundary using SimaPro software. The results show that the Cutting Division contributes the highest environmental impact (88.4%) due to substantial material waste and energy consumption. The most dominant impact categories identified are terrestrial ecotoxicity (6.27E-03), marine aquatic ecotoxicity (4.90E-03), and freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity (1.72E-03) caused by fabric material usage. The sustainability assessment based on economic, environmental, and social indicators yields an overall Sustainability Index (SI) of 80.68%, indicating a relatively good level of performance. After the implementation of proposed 6R improvement strategies (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Repair, Remanufacture, and Recover) the index improved to 66.51%, reflecting the need for a more balanced integration of efficiency and environmental management. Strengthening waste treatment systems and optimizing material recovery are recommended to enhance long-term sustainability performance in the bag production process.

The effectiveness of equipment on the bottling packaging line greatly determines throughput and quality in the high-capacity beverage company. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is commonly used to assess performance and map sources of loss. This study evaluates beverage company bottling line using OEE and six big losses based on weekly data from weeks 14–26, including production output (good, reject, total), available time, planned downtime, and unplanned downtime. OEE components were calculated (Availability–Performance–Quality) and decomposed into breakdown, setup & adjustment, idling & minor stoppages, reduced speed, and defect. The results showed an average OEE of 69.35% (68.03–70.79%) with availability at 97.9%, performance at 70.9%, and quality at 99.9%. The dominant loss was reduced speed (≈28.48% of loading time), while setup & adjustment was 0.95%, breakdown 0.89%, idling & minor 0.24%, and defect 0.0895%, which were relatively small. The findings confirm performance as the main constraint; improvements are directed at stabilizing the Filler speed (pacemaker), line balancing & buffering, controlling micro-stops, and predictive maintenance of critical points. Improving performance is projected to be the most effective way to bring OEE closer to the 85% benchmark without compromising quality.

Toddlers experience physical accidents in the house at a rate of 90 percent. Based on observations, the living room was the most dangerous part of the building compared to other parts. That condition made the parents feel that the safety of their little one was not fully supported. This study aims to design a living room that is safe and comfortable for Toddlers. The design output supports the interior designers in creating a safer Toddler environment. Kansei Engineering guides the identification of living room design for parents looking for their toddlers' safety. The Kansei words gathered from the study are comfortable, multifunction, safe, easy to clean, simple, large capacity, and harmonious. These Kansei words injected into the concept design, which is the harmonious design concept and the simple design concept, by using Principal Component Analysis. The harmonious design has a wood table (X5.1) with a sofa (X7.2) and TV (X9.1) and no flower vase (X11.2) as its decoration, while the simple design has a plastic table (X5.2) with a wood seat (X7.1) and with flower vase (X11.1) but no TV (X9.2). The insights gathered were designed with Blender 3D and integrated with virtual reality Oculus simulation through the SketchFab website.

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted almost all countries and caused disruptions in education. Governments, including Indonesia, closed schools and campuses to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, leading to a transition to online learning. This lasted for two years and continued with hybrid learning. The abrupt change increased stress, especially for already stressed students. This study assessed stress levels during online learning at the Industrial Engineering Study Programme of Maranatha Christian University, Bandung. Stress was measured subjectively using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and objectively using Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) and pulse sensors on thirty-two students. The PSS results classified the stress perception of most students as ‘normal’ or ‘moderate’. Meanwhile, the results of the GSR and pulse sensor measurements indicated that the students were stressed. Furthermore, a comparison of stress levels between synchronous and asynchronous learning and between mathematics and theory courses was conducted. According to the findings, there was a difference in the average heart rate values between synchronous and asynchronous learning. There was also a difference between mathematics and theory courses. With this research, it is necessary to pay attention to learning methods, materials, etc. need to be designed to reduce student stress and improve student performance.

The construction sector is a sector that employs many people who have high risk of work accidents, because a lot of work in this sector is possibility carried out by unsafe actions or unsafe conditions. PT. Arto Moro Sentosa is company which operates in general trading, general construction, suppliers, outsourcing, etc., is aware that the business has a high risk of work accidents. The lack of employee awareness will have an impact on the magnitude of the risks that must be borne by the worker and the company. The purpose of this research is determining work accident records for the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) system, employee risks, and existing improvements at company. By knowing the classification of hazards based on the type of accident, this research uses the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method, histograms, Pareto diagrams, and cause-and-effect (fish bone) diagrams. Based on the author's observations, company data related to OHS (Occupational Health and Safety) and interviews with the directors, could be obtained a history of work accidents based on the type of accident. Here are ergonomic work accidents (57.89%), physical factor accidents ( 31.58%), chemical factor accidents (5.26%), biological factor accidents (5.26%), and psychological factor accidents (0%). Several recommendation is performed to avoid repeated accident by providing training programs on OHS to workers, paying more attention to OHS supervision, giving sanctions to workers who violate OHS.

Competition for Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) products is currently getting tougher, in terms of quality, timely delivery, and competitive prices. SME customers of bread and donut products sometimes complain about the visual quality of bread and donut products that are stale, burnt, and dirty. The purpose of this research is to reduce product defects during the production process and improve the quality of the bread and donut products. This research method uses a Kaizen approach combined with the Design of Experiment (DoE) one-shoot case study method and uses organoleptic tests to assess the quality of bread and donut products. This study found that there were 3 product defect problems, namely bread and donut defects that did not rise, burnt donut defects, bread defects, and dirty donuts. This research resulted in a decrease in defects of 65% from 3.84% to 1.07%. While the best DoE test results used dough type C with 10 grams fermipan/yeast composition and 15 grams bread improver, stove 165-1750C, equipment cleaning frequency 1 time for each dough, and organoleptic test with 10% beetroot extract addition resulted in a color aspect score of 70 %, 65% aroma aspect, 68.5% texture aspect, and 70% taste aspect which is liked by many people.

Fulfillment of orders for a product in the lathe industry often misses the processing deadline because the production process time is not well measured. One of the products produced by a lathe is crimping, this product often takes a long production process until 23.80 working hours. The purpose of this research is to identify the problems that cause the standard time for the crimping process to be high and provide the best solution for companies to reduce the standard time for the crimping production process. This research method uses the Design Thinking Process (DTP) which is divided into 5 stages, including Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Test also called the EDIPT stage. The application of the EDIPT method also uses several methods or improvement tools. The improvements that have been made by the company are from the causes of methods, humans, and the environment. This research has resulted in a decrease in the standard time for the crimping process which originally obtained a processing time in 1 product of 1,428 minutes, while the standard time for the implementation of improvements was 1,375 minutes, so this research has succeeded in reducing the standard time in the crimping production process or reducing CSF by 3.71%.

This research constitutes bibliometric analysis about the utilization of System Dynamics (SD) in mitigating air pollution. This project aims to investigate the use of system dynamics models in simulating and assessing urban transportation regulations, industrial emissions, and the incorporation of cleaner technology. The applied methodology encompasses a synthesis of current studies and the execution of bibliometric analysis to discern trends, prominent academics, and the most impactful papers in this domain. An exhaustive analysis of the current literature uncovered several significant findings. Investments in public transportation, the introduction of fuel taxes, and the advancement and deployment of sophisticated car technologies are recognized as essential solutions for mitigating air pollution. Case studies from places such Greater Cairo, Kuwait, Tehran, and Mexico City illustrate the efficacy of SD in forecasting long-term environmental consequences and facilitating adaptive policy.This research primarily contributes to the visualisation of the intellectual framework of the research domain, the identification of keyword clusters, and the elucidation of links between topics that may have previously lacked obvious mapping. This research addresses a methodological deficiency by clearly illustrating how the combination of quantitative bibliometric analysis and systematic review can enhance comprehension of the developmental dynamics within a scientific subject.