Induction Motors are the most used machines in the industrial field since the last century, due to their low cost, high robustness with satisfactory performance. However, they are still difficult to control compared to the DC motor because of the non-linearity presented in the mathematical model. Sliding mode theory is often used to develop powerful control against various internal and external disturbances. However, the chattering problem caused by the attractive part of the regulator is a serious problem for its applications. In this paper, the proposed solution for having an optimal performance consists in combining the Sliding Mode Control with an anti-windup proportional-integral regulator. This is achieved through a simple linear supervisor that can activate the sliding mode at start-up and transient regimes while making the second controller drive the steady state. The asymptotic stability of the delivered control signal is ensured via the Lyapunov method. This allows us to benefit from the advantages of the two regulators without having their disadvantages. This new hybrid technique can potentially offer very promising results in terms of robustness and control efficiency. The validation of this theory was carried out by simulation and then by practical implementation using a dSPACE-DS-1104 control board. The obtained results show a high-performance control with very good robustness against parametric variations and remarkable stability during all different operating zones.

Chronic illnesses require continuous monitoring and medical intervention for efficient treatment to be achieved. Therefore, designing a responsive system that will reciprocate to the physicochemical changes may offer superior therapeutic activity In this respect, biosensors development, which offers constant, fast, selective and sensitive in situ monitoring is extremely important. The ability of biosensors miniaturization opens new technological pathways for the development of innovative approaches, which will be able to detect a wide range of compounds in the "multi-mode" system. Miniaturization and integration of important components result in many advantages: reducing the time of analysis and laboratory processes, automatization of measurements, compactness, and portability. Biosensing instruments also represent a very promising scientific way for construction new generation of wearable, portable and implantable bioelectronic devices for Point-Of-Care (POC) testing application. Biosensors also offer a powerful opportunity in early diagnosis and treatment of illness, which is an essential value in the case of POC testing. POC is mostly focused on the patient with chronic illness, where the continuous monitoring of analytes, is required to allow changing of the dosage and treatment period. In this review, we present the application of biosensing platforms in one chip, which can be used in wireless, wearable and swallowable sensors for POC diagnostic.

Quadratic Time-Frequency Distributions (TFDs) become a standard tool in many fields producing nonstationary signatures. However, these representations suffer from two drawbacks: First, bad time-frequency localization of the signal's autoterms due to the unavoidable crossterms generated by the bilinear form of these distributions. This results on bad estimation of the Instantaneous Frequency (IF) laws and decreases, in our case, the ability to precisely decide the existence of a motor fault. Secondly, the TFD's parameterization is not always straightforward. This paper deals with faults' detection in two-level inverter feeding induction motors, in particular open-circuit Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) faults. For this purpose, we propose the use of a recent high-resolution TFD, referred as PCBD for Polynomial Cheriet-Belouchrani Distribution. The latter is adjusted using only a single integer that is automatically optimized using the Stankovic concentration measure, otherwise, no external windows are needed to perform the highest time-frequency resolution. The performance of the PCBD is compared to the best-known quadratic representations using a test bench. Experimental results show that the frequency components characterizing open-circuit faults are best detected using the PCBD thanks to its ability to suppress interferences while maintaining the signal's proper terms.

Several strategies have been suggested to optimize power extracted from the Standalone Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion System (SVSWECS) using a Squirrel Cage Induction Generator (SCIG). Where, many of them use the battery as a storage unit for future use. However, the latter is assumed as an ideal component and that no maximum charging or critical limit. With the considered strategy, the generated wind power can be managed using a fast and reliable fully rugged electrical control. Indeed, the use of reliable Power Management and Control (PMC) algorithm where the battery current is well controlled. However, this solution allows maintaining the system operation in two stable modes.The considered system consists of an SCIG connected mechanically to the wind turbine through a gearbox, and electrically through a PWM rectifier to the DC bus capacitor, the latter is connected to the load and the battery through a PWM inverter and buck-boost converter respectively. In this paper, to approach the system to reality, a new PMC is proposed using a purely reliable electrical control. The Direct Torque Control (DTC) is used. The latter is combined with the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique and the State Of Charge (SOC) of battery. The important key of the proposed control strategy are the SOC and the sign of the difference between the generated and the demanded powers. The obtained simulations results are assessed and carried out using MATLAB/Simulink package and show the effectiveness and the performance of the proposed algorithm.

The goal of compression techniques is to reducing the size of data and decreasing the communication cost while transferring data. Fractal based coding technique is widely used to compress images files which provides high compression ratio and good image quality. However, like a compression technique, it is still limited because of the difference of the human perceptions between audio and image files, the long time for searching the best possible domain blocks and many comparisons in the encoding process. For those reasons, Fractal Coding had not broadly studied on audio data. Few years ago, Fractal Coding has been extended to apply on the audio data. In this paper, the application of the Fractal Coding on different types of audio files is investigated. Moreover, the effect of block length on the audio quality and compression performance are highlighted since block length is considered the main factor in the Fractal Coding algorithm. A GTZAN dataset is adopted in the evaluation and the experimental results show that there is an inverse relationship between block length and audio quality and proportional relationship between block length and compression ratio and factor. Furthermore, it can be noticed that the Fractal Coding can be compressed any speech and music audio signal directly with acceptable quality, PSNR 39 dB on average with a high compression ratio around 90 % with compression factor around 10 when the block length is 20 samples.

In this paper, a Direct Power Control (DPC) based on the switching table and Artificial Neural Network-based Maximum Power Point Tracking control for variable speed Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) is proposed. In the context of wind energy exploitation, we are interested in this work to improve the performance of the wind generator by controlling the continuation of the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The results obtained show the interest of such control in this system. The proposed Direct Power Control strategy produces a fast and robust power response, also the grid side is controlled by Direct Power Control based a grid voltage position to ensure a constant DC- link voltage. The THD of the current injected into the electric grid for the Wind Energy Conversion Systems with Direct Power Control is shown in this paper, the THD is lower than the 5 % limit imposed by IEEE STANDARDS ASSOCIATION. This approach Direct Power Control is validated using the Matlab/Simulink software and simulation results can prove the excellent performance of this control as improving power quality and stability of wind turbine.

This paper presents an optimal Direct Torque Control (DTC) strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator based wind turbine. The proposed strategy is considered based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm. The PSO is found to be robust and fast in solving nonlinear problems. Motivation for application of PSO approach is to overcome the limitation of the conventional controllers design, which cannot guarantee satisfactory control performance when designed by trial and error. In this work PSO algorithm was used to adjust the hysteresis torque and flux comparators bandwidths and to tune the parameters of Variable Gain PI (VGPI) controller designed for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) speed control of wind turbine to ensure high performance torque control. The optimal control strategy is considered in detail and it is shown that the use of the optimized controllers reduces rotor flux and electromagnetic torque ripples and improves the system dynamic performances. The effectiveness of the proposed direct torque control based on PSO algorithm (optimal DTC) method is illustrated through simulations on 1.5 MW DFIG based wind turbine. Simulation results illustrate the improved performances of optimal DTC compared with the conventional DTC.

This paper presents a printed rectangular slot microstrip antenna array of two elements based on an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure. The proposed EBG structure is invented to improve the isolation between the radiating elements for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) application. Single and two slotted rectangular microstrip antennas are designed on an FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant (εr) of 4.3 and loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.025 with thickness of 1.6 mm. The proposed EBG structure is designed as one planar row of 24 slots. The proposed array performance is tested numerically using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio (CSTMW) of Finite Integration Technique (FIT) formulations. The antenna performance in terms of reflection coefficient (S11), isolation coefficient (S21), radiation patterns, boresight gain and Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) are investigated before and after introducing the EBG structure to identify the significant enhancements. The proposed EBG structure is located between the radiating antenna elements to reduce the mutual coupling of the proposed antenna array. The edge to edge separation distance of the proposed antennas is λ0/16, where the λ0 is the free space wavelength at 2.45 GHz. The simulated results show a significant isolation enhancement from –6 dB to –29 dB at the first resonant frequency 2.45 GHz and from –10 dB to –25 dB at the second resonant frequency 5.8 GHz after introducing the EBG structure to the antenna array.

The proposed manuscript presents a coefficient diagram method (CDM) controller for an electro-pneumatic system. In order to tune the controller parameters, an artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization method is applied. According to the simulation results, the optimized parameters can provide better dynamic and steady state performances and higher robustness to the control algorithm, than the conventional tuned parameters.

This paper exhibits a sensor-less speed control method based MRAS observer applied to a fault-tolerant PMSM drive system. So, this paper proposes a rapid method of fault switch detection in the power converters aiming to make sure the continuity of service even though the fault presence of an opening phase. In fact, the MRAS observer is used to replace the mechanical sensor and a redundant inverter leg is equally employed to replace the faulty leg. The proposed fast fault diagnosis method has the features of simple algorithm, independence of the transient states and being simply integrated without any additional sensors.