Forest provides food and other important materials to survive on land.Ethiopia is one of the richest assemblages of plants in Africa but, Nowadays, plant resources are under several threats.This study was conducted between September 2021 to September, 2021.The objective of this research was to study the diversity of woody plant species of Sese forest, in Alge Sachi district.Vegetation data were collected from a total of 45 plots using 20 20 m (400 m 2 ) plot size for trees and 5 m 5 m (25 m 2 ) sub plots within the main plots for shrubs which were laid down along altitudinal gradient drops.Woody plant species having a diameter at breast height (DBH) > 2.5 cm were recorded.Vegetation data were analyzed using R software version 4.2.1, and Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, Evenness, Sorensen's similarity coefficient, Cluster analysis were also computed.The density, frequency, basal area, DBH, and Importance Value Index were computed.The vegetation study resulted in the documentation of 80 (71 from plots and 9 from outside of sampling plots) woody plant species belonging to 68 genera and 38 families.Four plant community types were identified.The study area is rich in woody plant diversity, but it's under great pressure due to agricultural expansion, and coffee plantations.Therefore, it is recommended that government should be designed an immediate conservation intervention.

Aims: Wetlands in East Africa are important ecosystems for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provisioning, yet threatened by degradation and conversion into croplands. Conservation and land use management require data on vegetation structure and dynamics. The presented work is a response to a lacking consistent classification of East African wetland vegetation. Location: Namulonge valley in Uganda and Kilombero floodplain in Tanzania. Methods: We sampled 431 4 m-plots along land use intensity and flooding duration gradients. A floristic classification using the cocktail method was performed in a two-step approach. We developed definitions for vegetation units, using plot observations from the study sites in a first step and revised them in a second step by adding data from a vegetation-plot database and complied the definitions to an expert system for classification. Resulting vegetation units were analyzed regarding their life form composition, for which we implemented a classification based on life span and growth form. Following a literature review, the identified vegetation units were assigned either to existing phytosociological associations or proposals. Results: We recognize eight units of marsh and reed vegetation (class Phragmito-Magno-Caricetea) and five units of weed and pioneer vegetation under semi-aquatic conditions (class Oryzetea sativae). Five of these associations were previously described in the bibliographic references. The remaining eight are newly described in this work. The associations contrast in their life form composition with the five Oryzetea sativae associations dominated by obligate annuals and the Phragmito-Magno-Caricetea associations dominated by either reed plants or lacking a dominating life form. Conclusions: The developed expert system enables a comparison of wetland vegetation in the East African region and will support vegetation science and informed decision making about land use management and conservation. The two-step approach of revising a classification developed for single wetlands with a database is promising for data-scarce regions.

Central Asia hosts grassland and desert regions that are globally important to nature conservation and local livelihoods. Several major vegetation surveys have been published on the region, with the majority focussing on areas within central Mongolia and north-eastern China. Much less information is available on plant community composition on the Dzungarian Basin, which forms a transitional zone between Central and Middle Asia in terms of flora. The Altai Mountains extend along the northern and eastern boundaries of the basin and intro-duce further environmental heterogeneity. For the present study, we assess horizontal and vertical gradients in plant community composition in both the Chinese and Mongolian parts of the Dzungarian Basin and the adjacent Altai Mountains. We show that steep environmental gradients trigger notable differences in plant community composition over relatively short distances. The study is based on data collected over three different sampling periods in the Mongolian part: In 2003, we sampled 208 plots; in 2010, 152 plots; and during the vegetation periods of 2012–2014, 280 plots. On the Chinese side, 58 samples were taken in 2013. Sample sites were deliberately chosen to represent relevant vegetation types, ranging from those of the high mountains to the lower oases. We collected biomass and mixed topsoil samples for soil analysis and compiled additional environmental data. A vegetation map was then pre-pared based on the supervised classification of remote sensing imagery. Our results reveal that four different main vegetation types (forest-steppe, steppe, desert and oasis) encom-pass twenty-one plant communities, with each type showing a clear altitudinal distribution, except for that at oases. Detrended Correspondence Analysis revealed the expected close correlation between altitude and species composition and productivity, but it also highlighted significant differences between the vegetation of neigh-bouring mountain ranges in the Chinese and Mongolian Altai.

Aims: We present the first survey of plant communities of Istanbul, their classification and syntaxonomy with main environmental drivers that shape them. Study area: Anatolian (Asian) part of Istanbul, Turkey. Methods: We collected 442 vegetation releves according to Braun-Blanquet method. Cluster analysis and ordination of the dataset were performed to assess particular vegetation patterns. Diagnostic species of each cluster were determined using the fidelity measure (phi-coefficient). Site conditions were presented by ecological indicator values. Results: The analysed dataset shows clear division into six classes. They represent typical weed plant community (Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietea minoris), annual (Sisymbrietea, Chenopodietea) and perennial ruderal vegetation (Artemisietea vulgaris, Epilobietea angustifolii), and higher successional stadia (Charabdido-Asphodeletea). Conclusions: Our survey of urban vegetation of Istanbul is the first attempt of urban vegetation classification in Turkey. We showed high diversity of vegetation due to various human impacts and Istanbul's location on the crossroads of different phytogeographical regions.