Background/Objectives: Our previous study demonstrated that while the third SARS-CoV-2 booster effectively enhanced immunity against the Delta subvariant, its protection declined over time. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the humoral and cellular immune responses, as well as reactogenicity, of the mRNA-1273 vaccine administered as a fourth booster in healthy Thai adults previously vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac (CV) followed by a third dose of either AZD1222 (AZ) or BNT162b2 (BNT). Methods: Participants received a single 100-µg (0.5 mL) intramuscular dose of mRNA-1273. Blood samples were collected at baseline (D0), D14, D90, and D180 to assess anti-RBD IgG, surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) against Delta and Omicron variants, IFN-γ levels, and reactogenicity. Results: Both 2CV/AZ- and 2CV/BNT-primed groups exhibited comparable local and systemic reactogenicity. The fourth mRNA-1273 dose markedly increased Delta variant inhibition within 14 days in both groups and remained at high levels at Days 90 and 180. sVNT inhibition against Omicron rose similarly in both groups at Day 14, it declined sharply by Days 90 and 180, with the 2CV/AZ-primed group showing significantly lower levels than the 2CV/BNT-primed group. Baseline anti-RBD IgG levels were lower in the 2CV/AZ group (p = 0.003) but surpassed those of the 2CV/BNT group by Day 14, with no significant differences at later time points. IFN-γ responses followed a similar pattern to anti-RBD IgG. Conclusions: A heterologous fourth mRNA-1273 booster in both 2CV/AZ- and 2CV/BNT-primed groups effectively enhances B-cell and T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2. However, emerging variants such as Omicron may still pose challenges.

Battery formation is important for ensuring the quality and service life of cells in lithium-ion battery (LIB) production. During the formation process, fault cells, such as low open-circuit voltage cells, are offline screened after the charging stage since, in most formation protocols, the online screening process is absent. This can lead to energy waste and extend the rework cycle of the fault cells in the LIB formation process. To address this problem, this paper considers the online fault cell screening problem, the formation pre-screening, in the LIB formation process as a classification task and proposes a data-driven model based on incomplete time-series data for formation pre-screening. First, the proposed model transforms segments of the incomplete charging voltage curve (ICVC) of the LIB as tokens, which is a more compact and less redundant data representation of the ICVC. Then, the attention-based feature encoder, transformer encoder (TE), captures the dependency between tokens to extract features for the formation pre-screening. Finally, a task-specified decoder, feature enhance decoder (FED), is used to screen out fault cells online. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by experiments on real-world production data. The results show that the proposed model can achieve an accuracy of 98.73% and a lower miss rate of only 1.92% during formation pre-screening, which is a 2.49% improvement in accuracy and an 8.98% decrease in miss rate compared with the deep residual network. Our method can more accurately screen fault cells online than existing models, thus reducing the energy consumption and rework time of fault cells in LIB production.

Due to the exclusion of the tobacco industry from the mandatory compliance framework of the national carbon market, and the consequent absence of sustained policy-driven mechanisms and data verification systems, China has not yet established carbon emission calculation standards specifically tailored to cigarette factories. This study systematically reviewed mainstream domestic and international carbon accounting methodologies, analyzed emission sources specific to cigarette factories across Scope 1 to Scope 3, and developed corresponding calculation methods. Based on statistical data from field research at actual cigarette factories, a complete annual carbon emission covering Scopes 1-3 was calculated for a case-study factory. Considering data availability, internal controllability within the tobacco industry, and the guidance value for the sector's green and low-carbon transition, this study proposes recommended carbon emission calculation boundaries and itemized calculation methods for cigarette factories, aiming to promote the accuracy and standardization of carbon emission calculations in cigarette factories.

Madagascar experienced a severe measles epidemic between September 2018 and mid-2019, resulting in over 146,000 cases and 1,200 deaths, primarily among children under 15. This epidemic occurred in a context of low vaccination coverage. Prior to this epidemic, no genotyping data for the measles virus (MeV) or rubella virus (RuV) were available for Madagascar. This study aimed to molecularly characterize MeV and RuV strains circulating during the epidemic. A total of 310 biological samples (gingival swabs, urine, and stool) were collected from 288 suspected patients with a mean age of 11.4 years. Viral detection was performed by real-time RT-PCR, followed by conventional RT-PCR and sequencing for genotyping of the N and H genes of MeV and the E1 gene of RuV. The results revealed co-circulation of the two viruses, with detection rates of 39.9% (115/288) for MeV and 40.0% (70/175) for RuV. The mean age differed significantly between MeV-positive (12.0 years) and RuV-positive (7.2 years) patients, with 35.1% and 43.8% of cases occurring in children under five years of age, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis identified all MeV strains as belonging to genotype B3, showing high similarity to strains circulating globally in 2018-2019, suggesting recent importation. Meanwhile, the phylogenetic profile of RuV strains, all belonging to genotype 2B and displaying greater genetic diversity, was characteristic of endemic rubella in a partially vaccinated or unvaccinated population. This study provides the first genotyping data for Madagascar, essential for monitoring virus circulation and supporting elimination efforts in the African region.

Background/Objectives: Ceftaroline fosamil (CFT) is a fifth-generation cephalosporin approved in Spain for skin and soft tissue infections and community-acquired pneumonia. CFT may also be useful against endovascular infections. This real-world study aimed to evaluate its effectiveness and safety in patients with Gram-positive (GP) infective endocarditis (IE). Methods: This observational, retrospective multicenter study enrolled adults with GP-IE treated with CFT for ≥48 h. Recruitment extended from CFT incorporation in participating hospitals through May 2024. Data were gathered on demographic, clinical, and microbiological variables, adverse effects, overall and IE-related mortality, relapses, and a composite unfavorable outcome. Results: Seventy-six patients (65.8% male) were enrolled, with a mean age of 68.9±12.8 yrs and age-adjusted Charlson index of 4; 55.3% had previous moderate/severe valvular heart disease, 35.5% had atrial fibrillation, 34.2% chronic heart failure, 17.1% chronic kidney disease, and 22.4% septic shock. IE was native valve-related in 53.9%, involving aortic valve in 38.2% and mitral in 30.3%. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 50.7%, being methicillin-resistant in 57.9% of cases. CFT was salvage therapy in 64.9% and combined with other antibiotics in 94.8%. Valve replacement was indicated in 63.6% but performed in only 34.7% of these. At six months, adverse effect rate was 9.2%, overall crude mortality 37.7%; infection-related mortality 28.9%, and composite unfavorable outcome 40.1%. In multivariate analysis, mortality-related factors were age-adjusted Charlson index, septic shock, and methicillin- sensitive S. aureus. Conclusions: CFT proved effective and safe for the real-life treatment of GP-related IE in clinically complex patients with high comorbidity and previous antibiotic therapy failures.

Nanoscale conductors and interfaces frequently exhibit anomalous AC transport behavior and enhanced superconducting critical temperatures that are not fully captured by conventional electron-phonon descriptions. In this exploratory work, we consider a complementary mechanism based on the possible inertial response of a Z3-graded vacuum sector to time-varying electromagnetic fields. Within this speculative phenomenological framework, surface criticality is tentatively proposed as a mechanism that may drive high-energy vacuum modes toward low-energy collective excitations at surfaces and interfaces, giving rise to an approximate coherence length ξvac∼70 nm. This geometric length scale, if physically meaningful, could influence effective conductivity in the non-local regime and might contribute to observed features such as high-frequency skin depth saturation and interface-driven Tc enhancement. Preliminary evaluations based on the algebraic structure suggest qualitative consistency with certain experimental observations in high-purity metals and nanowire systems, although we emphasize that these consistencies may be coincidental. The framework is offered as a tentative, exploratory perspective on mesoscopic anomalies, with the aim of stimulating further discussion and investigation into possible connections between algebraic high-energy structures and low-energy quantum materials phenomena.

Traditional evaluation of language models prioritizes Ñnal-answer accuracy, offering limited insight into the reasoning processes that produce those outputs. Thispaper introduces a formal framework for evaluating reasoning integrity by modelinginference as a trajectory of belief states under uncertainty. We deÑne externallyobservable belief states that capture hypotheses, uncertainty distributions, and con-straints at each reasoning step, enabling analysis without reliance on internal modelrepresentations. Building on this formulation, we propose a divergence functional that quantiÑessustained disagreement between reasoning trajectories, together with a complexityregularization term that penalizes excessive or redundant reasoning. These compo-nents are combined into a uniÑed scoring function that balances consistency andparsimony. To operationalize the framework, we introduce a multi-stage evalua-tion protocol that constrains intermediate reasoning, injects minimal adversarialperturbations, and measures both divergence and repair cost. We establish theoretical properties of the proposed metrics, including bound-edness, invariance under semantic-preserving transformations, and stability undercontrolled perturbations. Analytical examples illustrate how the framework distin-guishes robust reasoning processes from brittle or superÑcial ones that maintaincorrectness without internal consistency. By shifting evaluation from outcomes tothe dynamics of reasoning, this framework provides a principled basis for assessingreliability and stability in modern language models.

Major sports infrastructure investments represent significant commitments of public and private capital, yet their spatial accessibility — the degree to which surrounding communities can physically access the venue — remains inadequately quantified in the urban planning literature. This study presents a geospatial analysis of the Allegiant Stadium in Las Vegas, Nevada, examining the spatial distribution of 517 towns across the state relative to the stadium using geodesic distance computation. The analysis employs a Geographic Information System (GIS) pipeline utilizing U.S. Census Bureau shapefiles processed with the GeoPandas library, coordinate reference system transformation from NAD 1983 Albers to WGS84, and geodesic distance calculation via the Geopy library's WGS84 ellipsoid model. Results reveal a highly uneven accessibility distribution, with 20 towns located within 26 kilometers of the stadium — predominantly in the Las Vegas metropolitan area — while rural communities in northern Nevada are situated over 500 kilometers away. Distance-based heatmap and bar chart visualizations illustrate the concentration of accessible communities and the sharp accessibility gradient across the state. The findings contribute to the growing literature on infrastructure accessibility assessment and provide a reproducible methodological framework applicable to spatial analysis of major infrastructure projects in urban and regional planning contexts. The methodology demonstrates the practical utility of open-source geospatial tools for quantifying the catchment area and regional reach of large-scale public amenities.

Experiential avoidance, defined as unwillingness to stay in contact with personal experiences such as thoughts, emotions and memories and difficulties in emotion regulation are closely related as emotional awareness and acceptance are crucial for regulating distressing emotions. Avoidance of internal experiences is associated with emotion regulation difficulties such as lack of emotional clarity and lack of emotional awareness. Somatic symptoms referring to bodily symptoms such as headaches, nausea and fatigue without any underlying medical conditions are frequently reported among individuals who experience unresolved trauma or emotional conflicts as these manifest as physical symptoms when avoided or not regulated in the long term. The study aimed to examine the mediating role mediator role of difficulties in emotion regulation between experiential avoidance and somatic symptoms. The cross-sectional correlational study included correlation study had a sample size of 397 recruitedemployed from a non-clinical population with convenience sampling technique. The measurement instruments were Brief Experiential Avoidance Quetionnaire (BEAQ), Somatic Symptom Scale (SSS-8) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS 29 computed on SPSS IBM 29 statistical program and SPSS Process Macro 4.2 extension. Correlation and mediation analyses were performed analysis were conducted to test hypotheses of the study. Results indicated thatdifficulties in emotion regulation mediated the relationship between experiential avoidance and somatic symptoms and all variables were significantly correlated with each other.

Musculoskeletal disorders represent one of the most frequent occupational health problems in labor-intensive industries, particularly in fish processing, where repetitive tasks and prolonged postures are common. The objective was to determine the level of ergonomic risk by applying the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method and based on the results, to formulate recommendations aimed at preventing musculoskeletal disorders and improving preventive management within the organization. The assessment included 30 workers distributed across three operational workstations, where the overall average REBA score was 8.60 ± 1.65 (range: 6–12), indicating a predominantly high level of ergonomic risk. In categorical terms, 60.0% of the workers were classified as high risk, 13.3% as very high risk, and 26.7% as medium risk, while none reached negligible or low risk levels. Significant differences were observed between workstations (Kruskal-Wallis H = 16.72, p < 0.001, ε² = 0.545), with the nobbing stage exhibiting the highest biomechanical load (mean REBA = 10.38 ± 1.06). It is concluded that ergonomic risk is structurally integrated into the operational design of the evaluated production system; therefore, ergonomic interventions focused on redesigning workstations, adjusting height, and configuring tasks are recommended to reduce biomechanical exposure and strengthen the organization’s preventive occupational safety framework.