- Supplementary Content
- 10.1080/17533171.2025.2593711
The screens: Frantz Fanon’s theses on neocolonialism and revolutionary democracy
- Mar 17, 2026
- Safundi
- Chelsea Birchmier + 1 more +1
In this article, we dissect Fanon’s use of screens in The Wretched of the Earth as a metaphor for the intermediaries of neocolonialism in post-independence Africa. We argue that the origins of Fanon’s use of screens lie in the Hegelian dialectic, through which the inertia Fanon observed in people under colonial conditions during his clinical sociotherapeutic studies reappears with the transformation of decolonization movements into neocolonialism. Fanon identifies three screens in Wretched which substitute themselves for the revolution: the national bourgeoisie, party, and leader, alongside a fourth screen which the people erect among one another in (neo)colonial conditions. Fanon’s analysis contains not only a diagnosis of the screens but also a roadmap of an alternative path toward revolutionary democracy. We conclude by discussing how African social movements are grappling with the necessity of a second revolution to liquidate the screens that shackle the masses to neocolonial underdevelopment today.
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