Transportation is very important. Without it, there would be no life in the city and life is essential for the survival of modern society. As the population increased, the need for various means of transportation became critical. One of the reliable means of transportation is the use of minibus. As reliable as minibus seems, little attention has been given to ergonomic interaction between it and its users in Okitipupa, Nigeria. Therefore, this study focuses on the anthropometric perspective and ergonomic evaluation of minibus as a means of public transportation in Okitipupa, Nigeria. 120 commuters (60 males and 60 females) participated in the study. Seat dimensions such as seat height, seat depth, seat width, backrest height and clearance height were collected. These dimensions were compared with popliteal height, buttock-popliteal length, hip width, sitting-shoulder height and sitting stature respectively using match equations. Commuters’ responses and the outcome of the match equations analysis were in reasonable agreement. For example, about 95% commuters complained of leg pain due to inappropriate seat height while the seat height was inappropriate for virtually all the commuters from match equations analysis. The study seems to suggest that the anthropometric dimensions (AD) of the intended users were not considered in the design of the minibus. However, commuters using minibus which is not compatible with their AD are liable to future health issues due to repetitive CTDs (cumulative trauma disorders) and awkward postures. AD of the intended users, if considered, may help to reduce the CTDs.

Temeljni cilj ovoga rada jest istražiti stanje sigurnosti na željezničko-cestovnim prijelazima malih europskih željezničkih sustava. Pod malim željezničkim sustavima u ovom radu podrazumijevaju se željeznice europskih država duljine željezničke mreže manje od medijalne vrijednosti (3 907 km) željeznica EU-25, plus željeznice Švicarske i Norveške. Postavljene tri hipoteze dokazuju se metodama deskriptivne statistike i metodom korelacijske analize. Glavni nalaz ovoga rada potvrđuje statistički značajnu povezanost između broja željezničko-cestovnih prijelaza i broja nesreća. Dobiveni nalaz upućuje na nužnost smanjivanja i/ili potpunog eliminiranja željezničko-cestovnih prijelaza s ciljem osiguranja željene razine sigurnosti željezničkog prometa.

U tehnološkom procesu šivanja od radnika se zahtijeva visok stupanj usredotočenosti vida prilikom rada s materijalima različitih veličina, nijansi i obojenja zbog primjećivanja detalja i dijelova, razlikovanja boja i kontrasta. Pravilna rasvjeta na pojedinim radnim mjestima pridonosi većoj produktivnosti, kvaliteti rada te smanjuje mogućnost problema s vidom radnica. U radu je istražen intenzitet rasvjete u tehnološkom procesu šivanja u realnom proizvodnom procesu u dva pogona. Promatrana je opća rasvjeta i kombinacija opće i dodatne rasvjete na radnim mjestima. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da je u proizvodnom pogonu prema normi HRN EN 12464-1:2021 nedovoljna opća rasvjeta za rad, dok su kod kombinacije opće i dodatne rasvjete vrijednosti previsoke. Potrebno je na radnim mjestima dodatnu rasvjetu postaviti na pravilan način.

The study aims to explain what dimensions of the satisfaction of Croatian police officers with internal feedback are predictors of their readiness to explain their actions to citizens. The survey was conducted in 2020 on a convenience sample of 1260 police officers. The questionnaire measures satisfaction with feedback as one of eight dimensions of satisfaction with internal communication and police legitimacy in two dimensions of police and citizen interaction: accountability (citizens) – attitude and behaviour. The purpose is to compare feedback in internal and external police communication and examine to what extent the satisfaction of police officers with feedback contributes to the understanding of their attitudes and behaviour towards explaining actions to citizens. The results indicate the weak predictive power of variables that measure satisfaction with feedback in understanding the attitudes and behaviour of police officers related to explaining their actions to citizens. However, when introduced into the predictor model that contains the criterion variable "Behaviour related to explaining police actions to citizens" is the variable of attitude, the proportion of the variance explained increases significantly. The contribution of the paper is an analysis of the connection between internal and external communication of police officers in Croatia, and communication research is extremely important in police organizations in transition countries that undergo a transition from the traditional policing models to citizen-oriented policing models. A limitation of the paper is that only one aspect of internal communication has been examined in isolation. Therefore, new research should examine the complex nature of internal communication within a police organization in the context of the quality of police officers' relations with citizens, especially in relation to the willingness to explain police actions, as an important dimension of trust in the police.

The purpose of this research was to look at the behavior of two well-known commercial aircraft types in Indonesia (the A320 and the B738) during the take-off phase. This was done to provide new information in the field of aviation, particularly flight safety. Observations were made at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport by observing aircraft ADS-B data, which defines the behavior of the flight pattern. This ADS-B data is the subject of data analysis, which will subsequently be taught to the machine (computer) so that it can recognize the pattern and construct clusters. The purpose of this study is to utilize unsupervised learning, specifically K-Means clustering, to categorize and identify patterns in unlabeled ADS-B data obtained from AERO-TRACK. To prepare the raw data and create a dataset, data analysis techniques were employed. The machine learning model generates three distinct clusters: cluster 1 represents aircraft take-off on two-thirds of the runway, cluster 2 represents aircraft take-off on the entire runway, and cluster 3 represents aircraft take-off on one-third of the runway. The elbow method is utilized to analyze and interpret the three clusters produced by the model. An interesting observation is that the B738 aircraft dominate in all three clusters, while the A320 aircraft dominate in clusters 1 and 3. Notably, in cluster 2, there is a significant number of commercial planes taking off, accounting for 145 out of 628 flights. Based on the observed data spanning 91 days (September 26 to December 26, 2022), there is a 23% probability of runway excursion (overshooting the runway) in this cluster. Additionally, the research reveals that A320 aircraft demonstrate a safe zone take-off rate of 87%, whereas the B738 aircraft demonstrate a rate of 70.5%. These findings, derived from the analysis of ADS-B data such as GPS-Altitude and Coordinate, are intended to serve as valuable knowledge for aviation authorities, aviation users, and other stakeholders in the aviation industry.

This paper was written as part of the research project "Research of public opinion on the state of safety, behaviour and habits of participants in road traffic in the Republic of Croatia". The goal of this research is to determine the frequency of violations of traffic regulations related to drivers, pedestrians and passengers in vehicles, and to determine whether there is a connection between the experience of suffering of the aforementioned road users and their punishable behaviour. For this purpose, a quantitative research was conducted in which a multi-method approach was used in field data collection, a combination of telephone research (CATI) - 60% of the sample and online research (CAWI) - 40% of the sample. Respondents from the entire territory of the Republic of Croatia (N=2072) over the age of 16 were included in the research. In general, it can be concluded that the violation of traffic regulations is very frequent and present among the majority of different road users, and that road users who have recently experienced a traffic accident in any capacity, very rarely violate traffic regulations, as car drivers. Conversely, involvement in traffic accidents has not been shown to deter pedestrians and vehicle occupants from repeating traffic violations. The obtained results have a practical value, especially in the context of planning preventive programs and strategies, while the limitations of the research are reflected in the fact that only one independent variable was included in the correlation with committing traffic violations, regardless of other known predictors of punishable behaviour in traffic.

The batik industry as one of Malaysian cultural heritage is mainly located on the East Coast of Malaysia, particularly in the states of Kelantan and Terengganu. Most of the industry is home-based. Hence, the traditional batik work environment and tasks impose threats to the well-being of the artisans. This study investigates ergonomic issues and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in two of Kelantan’s batik industries. The artisans’ natural working postures and the environments of the two places were observed and video recorded. Muscle activations on the wrist of the artisan doing the paint (canting) were imitated. Surface electromyography (sEMG) investigations were performed in the laboratory. A questionnaire survey was also distributed among craftsmen and artisans involved in the batik industry in Kelantan. Results illustrate evidence of the need to educate batik industries on ergonomic risk factors. According to the survey of 33 respondents, the most affected body parts are the waist (60%), back and feet (57%). The walkthroughs and site visits showed that batik making process demands awkward postures which include standing, precision handling of hand tools, trunk bending & rotating and overreaching repetitively between 4 to 8 hours. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) index obtained from the assessments ranges from 7-8. It was also shown from the sEMG data that trunk bending affects muscle contraction of the wrist during painting movement. Therefore, immediate interventions are required to improve batik artisans’ postural working conditions, especially on the neck, trunk, legs, wrists and arms.

There are many discussions regarding the impact of computer work, especially computer mouse use, in the development of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The mechanism of such damage could be pressure or stretching of the median nerve in the carpal canal area. There is evidence that repetitive motion along with the use of force is a factor that contributes to the development of CTS, but computer work consists of mostly repetitive movements, without the use of force. Studies show that the prevalence of CTS in computer workers is similar to its prevalence in the general population. The general aim of this paper is to perform a literature search on the topic of whether there is a causal link between computer work and the development of CTS. The first specific goal is to try to quantitatively determine a relationship between exposure time and the development of symptoms, and the second specific goal is to try to set criteria, or guidelines, for the recognition of CTS as an occupational disease for those working on computers. A literature search on the databases ProQuest, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. The key words used were: carpal tunnel syndrome AND computer work OR computer exposure OR keyboard use OR mouse use AND systematic review OR prospective cohort. The last search was performed on March 15, 2021. A total of 12 studies were included in this paper. The results were contradictory. Nine studies state that computer work does not pose an increased risk of CTS development. Two studies found that longer-term mouse use of more than 20 hours per week and keyboard use of more than 240,500,000 strokes per year may be associated with the development of CTS. One study showed people have a lower risk of developing CTSwhen working on a computer. We cannot determine with certainty the connection between computer work and the development of carpal tunnel syndrome. This calls into question the recognition of CTS as an occupational disease among those working on computers. Better planning and structured studies are needed to determine the intensity and duration of computer exposure and the level of damage to the median nerve, and then set criteria for the recognition of CTS as an occupational disease in these circumstances. Regardless of whether we recognize a particular disease as occupational, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures so that these health problems do not even occur, thereby keeping workers healthy and productive for as long as possible.

Najveći izvor buke u urbanim okruženjima je promet koji stvara čak 80 % buke. Iz tog razloga, u Bosni i Hercegovini, ali i regiji, postoji niz propisa, smjernica i zakona donesenih zbog smanjenja buke i negativnih efekata koje buka ima na ljude i okoliš. Ovaj stručni rad, pored općih podataka o buci, prezentira relevantne propise i zakonski okvir u Europskoj uniji i Bosni i Hercegovini. Analizirani su i akcijski planovi za zaštitu od buke te predstavljeni svi čimbenici i mjere za zaštitu od buke u prometu. Prilikom projektiranja objekata za zaštitu od buke, u obzir se moraju uzeti različiti parametri poput okoliša, geografskih karakteristika terena, vremenskih uvjeta, postojeće infrastrukture, vrste i namjene prometnica i sl. Rad također analizira aspekte koji se moraju uzeti u obzir prilikom odabira i izgradnje objekata za zaštitu od buke te način na koji oni mogu utjecati na sigurnost sudionika u prometu i korisnike objekata koji se nalaze blizu prometnica. Ovi efekti prikazani su na primjerima iz prakse u regiji te Bosni i Hercegovini. Kao otvoreno pitanje, tematiziran je nedovoljno istražen sigurnosni potencijal objekata za zaštitu od buke.

After an extensive review of the literature and his own empirical studies investigating the effect of culture on risk perception, Sjöberg (1998) concluded that the cultural theory simply is wrong and therefore, dead. However, other researchers and studies tend to also suggest that culture theory still has a significant explanatory power. The purpose of the study, therefore, was to gather new evidence using a different analysis technique to contribute to resolving this inconclusive conclusion. Data were gathered from 226 commercial vehicle drivers and were classified based on their transport-specific worldview or culture. A general linear model fitting using one-way ANOVA was conducted to compare the respondents on their transport-specific risk perception. Results of the cluster analysis showed that there were three clusters of drivers which were labelled as “Traditional-Conformists” (Cluster III drivers), “Adventurists” (Cluster II drivers) and “Moderates” (Cluster I). The ANOVA results further showed that Traditional-Conformist (Cluster III) drivers reported more accurate perception of risk compared to the Moderates (Cluster I) and the Adventurists (Cluster II). The findings were discussed in context of the ongoing debate about the explanatory power of culture in accounting for differences in risk perception. The implications for future research were also discussed.