ABSTRACT The photo‐thermal synergistic conversion of CO 2 , which harnesses complementary photochemical and thermochemical processes to enhance catalytic efficiency, is gaining increasing attention. Notably, photo‐mediated CO 2 cycloaddition exhibits significant promise for practical applications. Catalysts based on metallosalen structures have garnered considerable attention for their role in the formation of cyclic carbonates through CO 2 cycloaddition, owing to their favorable CO 2 and epoxide activation capabilities. In this study, we establish a computational database comprising 300 Salen(Zn)‐COFs and screen for optimal photothermal catalysts for CO 2 cycloaddition. Three parameters determine catalyst selection: π‐conjugation extent, CO 2 adsorption energy values, and epoxide binding energy values. This approach identifies three pyrene‐functionalized COF candidates—Py‐EDA‐COF, Py‐DAC‐COF, and Py‐OPD‐COF—as superior catalytic materials. These three COFs demonstrate outstanding performance in photo‐driven CO 2 cycloaddition with various epoxides, particularly phenyl glycidyl ether. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the substituents on the diamine backbone of the salen moiety significantly modulate catalytic activity. Among them, the Py‐OPD‐COF, which features a benzene unit that enhances π conjugation and exhibits strong electron‐donating properties, achieves the highest conversion rate (84%) and a turnover frequency (TOF) of 115.2 h −1 , surpassing all previously reported catalysts. This research establishes a viable strategy for the developing of highly efficient catalysts for photo‐driven CO 2 conversion.

ABSTRACT Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most lethal primary intraocular tumour in adults: contemporary eye‐preserving treatments secure local control but frequently compromise vision and do little to prevent liver‐tropic metastases. Nanobiotechnology offers routes to change this equation by overcoming ocular barriers, concentrating therapy precisely within tumour tissue, and extending control to micrometastases. This review surveys liposomal and polymeric carriers, virus‐like drug conjugates (exemplified by belzupacap sarotalocan), nucleic‐acid and gene‐editing platforms, and nano‐enabled photo‐ and immunotherapies that can be delivered intravitreally, suprachoroidally, or systemically. We highlight theranostic designs that pair deep‐tissue imaging with on‐demand cytotoxicity, nano‐vaccines and immune‐reprogramming formulations that convert “cold” UM into treatment‐responsive disease, and strategies tuned for the hepatic niche that underlies UM mortality. Across these technologies, we distil design principles for ocular targeting, controlled release, and immune engagement, and we map the translational pipeline from preclinical validation to ongoing trials. We also delineate the outstanding hurdles such as manufacturing scale‐up, biodistribution and immunotoxicity profiling, dose optimization, and biomarker‐guided patient selection, whose resolution will determine clinical impact. Together, convergent advances in materials science, ocular oncology and tumour immunology position nanomedicine to deliver vision‐sparing, metastasis‐addressing treatments for UM and to redefine standards of care.

ABSTRACT Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are versatile crystalline porous materials with large surface areas, tunable pore architectures, and modular chemical functionalities, enabling diverse applications in materials science and engineering. Hydrogels, with their softness, high water content, biocompatibility, and responsiveness to external stimuli, have been widely explored as smart platforms for flexible electronics and sensing technologies. Integrating MOFs into hydrogel networks synergistically combines the advantages of both material classes, yielding multifunctional composites with enhanced structural and functional properties. MOF–hydrogel composites overcome the limitations of each component, offering improved mechanical robustness, environmental stability, and dynamic responsiveness, making them highly promising for next‐generation sensing systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the synthesis, structural design, and characterization of MOF–hydrogel composites, with a focus on their applications in optical, electrochemical, and electromechanical sensing. Their use across healthcare diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, public health, and flexible electronics is discussed. We highlight how MOF–hydrogel integration influences key sensing metrics such as selectivity, sensitivity, adaptability, detection limits, long‐term stability, and dynamic working range. In summary, this review highlights the crucial role of MOF–hydrogel composites in advancing high‐performance sensing technologies, outlining key challenges and future directions to inform ongoing research in this field.

ABSTRACT Existing hydrogels pose challenges for the applications in transitional medication within narrow cavities due to the inherent conflict between fluidity and shape retention. Herein, inspired by mucus, a bottlebrush polymer hydrogel (denoted as PH‐PG‐T hydrogel) with excellent injectability, stable antibacterial property, and easy removability is developed by grafting poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate side‐chains from polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate backbones and incorporating triple antibiotics. As a transitional disinfectant in tooth root canal treatment, PH‐PG‐T hydrogel fulfills requirements for an ideal disinfectant thorough treatment process. The polymer side‐chains of PH‐PG‐T hydrogel disentangle during injection to facilitate canal filling and rapidly re‐entangle after injection to enable in situ gelation and sustained antibiotics release. After medication, PH‐PG‐T hydrogel quickly dissolves in water during irrigation, facilitating its complete removal from the root canal. These findings highlight a promising avenue for the novel application of bottlebrush polymers as a high‐performance disinfectant to control persistent root canal infections.

ABSTRACT Disease diagnosis and health monitoring are crucial for safeguarding human health. However, environmental factors significantly threaten human health, such as water pollution and food safety issues, necessitating rigorous monitoring systems and biomedical solutions. Serving as a powerful detection technique, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is deeply combined with environmental and biomedical detection due to its high selectivity and sensitivity. Among various SERS substrates, heterojunction structures are practical and promising due to their outstanding optical and electrical properties. This review outlines recent advancements in heterojunction SERS substrates with the classification by the components, including the semiconductor‐semiconductor (S‐S) and semiconductor‐metal (S‐M). The synthesis strategy, enhancement mechanism and applications of the various emerging heterojunctions are summarized carefully, where the applications span environmental monitoring, food safety, and biomedical detection. Despite progress, challenges remain in optimizing synthesis methods, exploring new material combinations to further boost SERS performance, and refining functionality for practical application.

ABSTRACT Electrochromic technology has gained significant attention due to its wide applications in smart windows, adjustable optoelectronic devices, and energy storage systems. The strategic incorporation of porous architectures has emerged as a pivotal approach for enhancing electrochromic material performance. This approach effectively addresses critical challenges, including volume expansion mitigation, stability enhancement, and ion transport efficiency optimization, thereby improving both electrical conductivity and response kinetics. This review systematically examines principal strategies and synthesis methodologies for developing porous electrochromic materials. First, nanoparticle‐stacked particulate films demonstrate enhanced electrolyte permeability through their inherent porous configurations, significantly increasing accessible reactive sites. Second, template‐assisted approaches utilizing hard templates (e.g., polystyrene [PS] nanospheres, silica nanospheres) and soft templates (e.g., cetyltrimethylammonium bromide [CTAB], polyethylene glycol [PEG]) enable precise pore size regulation while effectively mitigating structural deformation. Third, coordination modulation strategies involving the length adjustment of organic ligands and the functionalization of metal/organic centers facilitate the fabrication of nanocrystalline mesoporous materials with uniform pore distribution, offering tailored electrochromic optimization pathways. Through in‐depth analysis of these porous design strategies, this review elucidates the critical structure‐performance relationships between porous architectures and electrochromic behaviors. The findings provide valuable guidance for the rational synthesis of high‐performance electrochromic materials, thereby advancing the development of next‐generation electrochromic technologies.

ABSTRACTPhotovoltaic (PV) technology plays a pivotal role in energy transformation processes, especially for sustainable energy systems. However, the conversion efficiency of the PV cells is adversely affected by increasing temperature, leading to a reduction in their overall performance. In this study, a self‐hygroscopic polyvinyl alcohol/graphene (SPG) cooling film, comprising a graphene layer and a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel layer with lithium bromide (LiBr), is introduced to passively reduce the working temperature of the PV cells. The graphene layer, as a heat‐conducting layer, can efficiently conduct heat from the heat source to the self‐hygroscopic PVA hydrogel layer used as an evaporation cooling layer. In addition, the introduction of LiBr endows the PVA hydrogel with an excellent self‐hygroscopic property. The SPG cooling film demonstrates an outstanding cooling performance under the synergistic effect of the graphene film and the self‐hygroscopic PVA hydrogel. In the outdoor experiments, the SPG cooling film can reduce the temperature of the PV cells by 20.6°C and increase its average output power from 74 to 93 W/m2, about a 25.7% increase. This cooling film demonstrates significant potential for enhancing cooling performance in electronic devices and could be widely used in the thermal management of PV cells.