With the fast development of civil aviation, large number of flights operate in major airports in rush hour. Extreme natural disasters, terrorism, and incidents may interrupt its normal operation, even lead temporary closure. Abrupt airport outage causes significant flights diverting to alternate airports. In this article, a centralized optimization method is proposed for the management and optimization of widespread flight diversion. Based on the idea of Collaborative Decision-Making (CDM), a linear programming model formulation is developed to assign flights, who are inbound to a temporary closed destination airport in an emergency, to divert to appropriate alternate airports. The objectives are minimizing total diverting time of flights as well as maximizing the expectation to alternate airports for airlines. Incorporating relevant real-world features, flights remaining flying time available and expectation of alternate airports are taken into account from airlines operation perspective. Airport alternate capacity, the category of aircraft could be accepted and the arriving flight slots assigned are considered for alternate airports. In addition, aircraft cruise speed, en-route wind, air traffic congestion and so on is considered. In the case study, it is found that under the given condition of 50 flights and 8 alternate airports, all flights can be accommodated within the remaining flying time, 33 (66%) flights are less 60 min and 48 (98%) flights are less than 120 min. The model solving time expenditure is less than one 2nd. It can meet the emergency condition and prevent a longer decision-making process. Comparing with the objective of the shortest diverting time as literature, the total diverting time is suboptimal but the formulation can get a better expectation of alternate airports for flights, which provides more flexibility of operations in airlines.

The aim of this article is to identify the factors that influence the evolution of CO2 emissions in gasoline passenger cars. Specifically, the factors that can be obtained during emission measurements at technical inspection stations are analysed. This identification is used to determine the factors obtained by measurements at the technical inspection stations that should be used as a design element for the taxation of petrol road vehicles in order to reduce CO2 emissions. The underlying source was data recorded by the vehicle technical inspection stations in 2019 and worked with passenger petrol cars of category M1. In total, almost 460000 passenger cars were analysed. 12 factors were used for each car, from which 7 variables were identified through 2 methods (BMA and WALS) as likely to have a statistically significant effect on the magnitude of CO2 emissions. Subsequently, the effect of each factor was determined by OLS with robust Std. Err. Our results show that the maximum engine power and the latest emission standards can be used as design element for the taxation of gasoline road vehicles, as a positive relationship between the growth of this factor and the magnitude of CO2 emissions of gasoline vehicles has been demonstrated.

The illegal operation of online car drivers is a recurring issue that has garnered significant societal attention. The literature has investigated this problem primarily from the perspectives of the government, platforms, and drivers, while the mechanisms for co-governance among different stakeholders in addressing illegal online car-hailing operations have received limited focus. Additionally, the role of passengers in the online car-hailing process has not been sufficiently explored, leading to a lack of systematic research conclusions and inherent limitations. To analyse the evolutionary equilibrium strategies of participants under various scenarios and their influencing factors, a tripartite evolutionary game model involving passengers, drivers, and online car-hailing platforms was constructed. The decision-making behaviours of these stakeholders were examined through numerical simulation. The results indicate that by strengthening investigations and addressing illegal behaviours, online car-hailing platforms can significantly reduce the likelihood of drivers′ illegal operations. Furthermore, increasing the amount of guarantee deposits can increase drivers′ respect for regulations. Additionally, improving passenger satisfaction can be achieved by increasing compensation for participation in co-governance and increasing promotional rewards from platforms, thereby enhancing service quality. Strengthened supervision strategies not only boost platforms′ social reputation and management efficiency but also create positive incentives for strict supervision through penalty income. This study provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing the supervision of the online car-hailing industry, emphasizing the critical roles of strict supervision, positive incentives, and public participation in elevating service standards. The findings enrich the theoretical understanding of online car-hailing market supervision and offer innovative co-governance strategies aimed at fostering the healthy development of the online car-hailing market.

This paper presents an analysis of two functional design concepts for the Hacnw interchange, connecting the S1 and S52 expressways in Bielsko-Biaa.The study compares the operational efficiency, capacity, and safety of both variants using data provided by GDDKiA and analytical methods based on the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM).The results indicate that the alternative concept, ensuring continuous flow along the Cieszyn-Mysowice corridor, provides be er long-term performance and safety compared to the currently implemented layout.

Hydrogen represents a promising "clean" energy carrier, which can significantly contribute to decarbonisation in the transport area.Application of hydrogen in the internal combustion engines creates a new category of the combustion engines, namely the Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines (H-ICE) and it offers a possibility to reduce CO emissions while maintaining the standard combustion engine design and also the manufacturing infrastructure used for production of the conventional combustion engines.The presented article analyses basic principles of hydrogen combustion, necessary technical modifications of the piston combustion engines, engine power output and emission characteristics, as well as the main challenges and benefits of this technology in the context of sustainable mobility.

In the last decade, the causes of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions were widely studied, to delete or, at least, mitigate them. In the road context, as reasonable, greater importance was assigned to the vehicles, since huge traffic flows, including high percentages of trucks, determine negative impacts on the environment. On the contrary, the role of the road infrastructure has always been considered marginal. It was thought as a functional element on which the traffic flows move, without evaluating the role of its geometrical characteristics on exhaust gas emissions. The proposed research aims to verify whether some road features, related to its horizontal geometry, influence the carbon dioxide production of vehicles or, on the contrary, if it is not sensitive to the different geometrical compositions. A driving simulator gives the opportunity to calculate the emissions from fuel consumption data, in turn, calculated through the engine mapping of an ordinary vehicle. The proposed procedure may be easily applied to any road context and may represent a further checking element for the infrastructure efficiency, in terms of environmental impacts. The results, derived from a test phase in a simulated environment and obtained using 3 different one-way ANOVAs, allowed the authors to define some interesting conclusions. The trend of the carbon dioxide function depends on curve radius and lengths and on tangent length; therefore, an opportune alignment design can effectively contribute to control emission values. The experiments confirmed that designing a consistent road is fundamental, but this cannot be deduced by traditional literature models.

This article presents a comprehensive investigation into the causes of road transport accidents in Ukraine, focusing on the application of risk analysis to minimize economic and human losses. The study begins with a detailed examination of the current road safety scenario in Ukraine, highlighting the alarming statistics of road accidents and their consequences. The central aim is to develop effective strategies for controlling and managing the causes of road accidents. The research identifies the primary factors contributing to road accidents, such as exceeding safe speed limits, driving under the influence of alcohol, etc. A risk management system is proposed, encompassing the creation of a structured risk management framework, development of methodologies, and implementation of information and analytical systems. Th e article emphasizes the importance of continuous risk monitoring and assessment, including risk identification, analysis, and management. Statistical observations and analysis play a crucial role in diagnosing risks, which are then used to devise risk minimization measures and improve road safety. The study concludes with recommendations for risk-based decision-making and the implementation of targeted interventions to reduce road accidents and associated risks in Ukraine. First published online 11 February 2025

Streszczenie: W artykule przedstawiono analiz wpywu rnych trybw pracy napdu hybrydowego na wybrane parametry eksploatacyjne w warunkach ruchu rzeczywistego

The continuous development of technologies used in transport causes a number of changes and improvements in the equipment of motor vehicles.The main goal is for todays vehicles to offer greater comfort, safety, and minimize the number of tasks for which the driver is responsible.The article discusses the sensors currently used in cars and devices that directly use them in the aspect of supporting the car driver.These include, among others, radars, cameras and LIDAR systems.(ang.Light Detection and Ranging).A ention was also paid to the method of testing their correct operation.