Introduction: Fruit peel is one of the natural ingredients that has not been optimally utilized and can be used as a raw material for making dish soap because it has antibiotic, antiseptic, and antibacterial content. This study aims to make dish soap using dragon fruit peel extract, papaya fruit, and banana fruit as natural ingredients and determine the quality characteristics of dish soap and business feasibility analysis. Methods: This research was conducted in two stages. The first stage selected the best fruit skin dish soap based on the quality characteristics and organoleptic tests on the product. The second stage then analyzed the business feasibility of the best fruit peel extract dish soap product. Results: The quality characteristics of dragon fruit peel, banana, and papaya skin extract dish soap with pH test parameters, FFA content, and free alkali content are in accordance with SNI standards, but the viscosity test shows that it is not suitable and has a value below SNI, and the results of the organoleptic test show that dragon fruit peel extract dish soap is preferred by panelists compared to banana and papaya skin extract soap with an average value of 4.3 color parameters; aroma 3.5; texture 3.6; and overall 4.1. Conclusion: Dragon fruit peel extract dish soap has the best organoleptic test value compared to banana and papaya peel dish soap. The results of the feasibility study analysis of the dragon fruit peel extract dish soap business have a BEP Unit value of 31, BEP Rupiah of IDR.462,185, ROI of 81.64%, and R / C of 1.82 where this business is considered feasible if developed.

Introduction: The presence of ecotourism is more oriented toward environmental conservation, utilization of natural resources, cultural preservation, and economic benefits. However, post-COVID-19 pandemic tourist visits to the Kampung Blekok mangrove ecotourism have not recovered, and the condition of the ecotourism is not maintained and is damaged. This research aims to analyze the influence of digital marketing, electronic word of mouth, and interest in visiting on the decision to visit the Kampung Blekok mangrove ecotourism. Methods: Data collection on ecotourism behavior was obtained from 172 respondents using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used was Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with WarpPLS version 8.0. Results: The results of the research analysis show that digital marketing and eWOM produce a positive and significant influence on visit intention and decision. The mediating role of visiting interest in the relationship between digital marketing and eWOM on visiting decisions is partial. Mangrove ecotourism managers in Kampung Blekok can optimize digital marketing and eWOM strategies, and adapt to current tourism situations and trends. Conclusion: Digital marketing and eWOM are important in shaping visit interest and determining tourist decisions. Changes in tourist behavior using digital media can be a tool for progressing the ecotourism business by increasing tourists' visiting decisions.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the physicochemical characteristics of tapioca modified by microwave heat treatment. Methods: The assessment was carried out using a one-factor Completely Randomized Design, namely microwave heat treatment with four levels of commercial tapioca. These included microwave tapioca (TMW), microwave washing tapioca (TPMW), and microwave soaking tapioca (TPRMW) with three replications. The variables observed were chemical tests including moisture and ash content, with physical characteristics such as solubility, swelling power, water, and oil holding capacity (OHC). The data obtained were assessed using MINITAB 21 analysis of variance, followed by Tukey’s test when there was a significant difference. Results: The best treatment was found to be a modification of starch using microwave heat in TPRMW, producing 8.01% moisture content, 0.13% ash content, 32.80% swelling power, 24.76% solubility, 218.50% water holding capacity (WHC), and 176.93% OHC. Conclusion: Modification treatment using microwave heat caused chemical and physical changes in tapioca to experience a decrease in moisture content, ash content, swelling power, solubility, and OHC compared to natural tapioca. However, this treatment increased WHC, which was specifically observed for TPRMW.

Introduction: Soybean is one of the main sources of vegetable protein. Seventy percent of the soybean needs in Indonesia is still imported, due to the low crop productivity and the declining area of soybean planting. Sonic bloom technology is an alternative to increase soybean productivity. This study aims to determine the pattern of the relationship between foliar fertilization intervals in the use of sonic bloom technology with soybean varieties. Method: The research used a factorial experiment using a randomized block design (RBD). The first factor is the interval of using sonic bloom, I5: 5-day interval, I10: 10-day interval, and I15: once every 15 days. The second factor was soybean varieties, VA: Anjasmoro, VD: Dega-1, and VM: Mallika (black soybean). The data obtained were analyzed for Analysis of Variance with the Fα = 0.05 test followed by the 5% Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test and correlation regression analysis.The results showed that different soybean varieties have different responses to plant length, number of leaves and leaf area at different intervals of sonic bloom exposure. Result: Soybean plants with thicker hairs (trichomes) such as the Dega-1 variety require the use of sonic bloom technology with shorter intervals compared to varieties with sparse hairs such as Anjasmoro and Mallika black soybeans. Conclusion: The use of sonic bloom technology was able to increase the productivity of soybean varieties Anjasmoro, Mallika and Dega-1 each by 68.3%; 48.3% and 10.5%.

Introduction: Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) play a role in regulating organogenesis and morphogenesis in shoots, roots, and callus formation. Color spectrum of light is one of the quality light factors that affects plant physiological processes. This study aimed to determine the effect of cytokinin and auxin on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium and light on callus induction and proliferation of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume.) var. Madiun1. Methods: This study used completely randomized design, with the first factor was PGRs (combination auxin and cytokinin) and the second was color spectrum of light (white light, blue light, and its combination) during incubation. Variables observed were emergence time, color, texture, structure and calli growth, also shoots emerging from calli. Results: The results showed an interaction between PGRs with a combination of light color spectrum on callus growth. The fastest callus growth occurred in combination 5.0 mg.l-1 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) with 0.2 mg.l-1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) which was incubated in a combination of white and blue light for 16 hour irradiation. The combination 5.0 mg.l-1 BAP with 0.2 mg.l-1 NAA was able to induce callus emergence time, and the shoots appearing were faster, whereas combination of white and blue light was able to accelerate callus emergence from bulbil and adventitious shoots emergence. Conclusion: The combination of white and blue light color spectrum for 16 hours irradiation can accelerate callus emergence from bulbil and adventitious shoots emerging from calli, and interaction with combination of 5.0 mg.l-1 BAP and 0.2 mg.l-1 NAA can accelerate porang’s callus growth.

Introduction: Soybean cultivation is inseparable from the attack of plant pests. Control of soybean pests, which generally use synthetic pesticides, negatively impacts food products, environmental health, and ecosystem sustainability. Planting flowering plants around bunds can be useful in increasing the diversity of natural enemies because they can attract and serve as microhabitats for natural enemies. This research to obtain the effect of refugia treatment and soybean spacing on the diversity of natural enemies in soybean plantations. Methods: The study was designed in randomized block design, consisting of refugia and non-refugia treatments and plant spacing of 40 cm x 25 cm (J1) and 50 cm x 25 cm (J2), which was repeated three times. Sampling was carried out in the vegetative and generative phases, using yellow traps and pitfalls installed in the field for 24 hours. Results: The results showed that the most trapped natural enemy families were in the refugia treatment. The total number of trapped natural enemies was highest in the vegetative and generative phases, namely in the refugia and 2 spacing treatments (R-J2). The family of Braconidae order Hymenoptera and the group of parasitoids had the highest numbers in the refugia and non-refugia treatments. The value of the Diversity Index (H') in the refugia treatment and both plant spacings in the two growth phases was moderate, while in the non-refugia treatment, the two plant spacings and both growth phases were small and medium. Generally, the evenness index (D) value for all treatments is known to be small and medium. Conclusion: Refugia treatment and plant spacing affect the number of natural enemy populations, which is expected to suppress the development of pests in soybean cultivation.

Introduction: Coconut palm sugar is a commercial product that continues to experience a trend of progress in both local and global markets. This triggers competition between manufacturers. Therefore, it is necessary to make an effort to diversify products to be able to increase competitiveness. However, this diversification will certainly incur costs, so it is necessary to conduct studies aimed at increasing the added value of coconut palm sugar products with and without iodine fortification and statistically different testing of them. Methods: Value added analysis was conducted using the Hayami method. The increase between coconut palm sugar products and their diversification is calculated from the difference in value add. Then the two groups of products were tested for significant differences with Mann Whitney. Results: from the results of the study it was found that the value add increasing in coconut palm sugar with iodine fortification products was 7% or Rp. 2,086 per kg. In addition, from the results of the Mann Whitney test, it is statistically proven that the value add of the two products is significantly different, where the smallest U value is smaller than the calculated Z value (-1 28.58). Conclusion: Value add and profit can be increased by diversifying coconut palm sugar products into iodine fortified palm sugar.

Introduction: Biscuits are snacks made from flour and fat that are baked and have a long shelf life. Biscuits contain carbohydrates, fats and calories which are high but low in fiber, vitamins and minerals. This study aims to determine the proportion of the addition of purple sweet potato flour and elephant foot tuber flour to the best physicochemical and organoleptic properties of biscuits. Method: This method used in the study of purple sweet potato flour and elephant foot flour biscuits was a randomized block design with 5 treatment substitutions and 3 replications, resulting in 15 trials. Results:The best results for biscuits were in the P5 treatment (17.5% purple sweet potato flour : 12.5% elephant foot tuber flour) with the results of the physicochemical analysis of fracture strength of 13.07 N, antioxidant activity of 81.88 mg/ml, moisture content of 3.11%, ash content of 1.74% and organoleptic test of taste 4.00 (like), aroma 4.00 (like), color 2.88 (rather like) and texture 4.08 (like). Conclusion: Treatment substitution with the addition of purple sweet potato flour and elephant foot tuber flour had a significant effect on the parameters of breaking strength, antioxidant activity, moisture content, ash content, taste, color and texture. But it has no real effect on the flavor.

𝘐𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯: 𝘛𝘢𝘯𝘫𝘶𝘯𝘨 𝘑𝘢𝘣𝘶𝘯𝘨 𝘉𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘵 𝘙𝘦𝘨𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘺 𝘩𝘢𝘴 𝘵𝘺𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘷𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘰𝘶𝘴 𝘱𝘢𝘥𝘥𝘺 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘢𝘳𝘦𝘢 𝘴𝘰 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘪𝘵 𝘩𝘢𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘰𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘵𝘰 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘶𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘦 𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘺𝘦𝘢𝘳 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘶𝘯𝘪𝘵𝘺. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘷𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘦𝘵𝘺 𝘰𝘧 𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘺𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘤𝘢𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘴 𝘥𝘪𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘢𝘵𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘦. 𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘺 𝘢𝘪𝘮𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘥𝘦𝘴𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘦 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘦𝘦 𝘵𝘺𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘱𝘢𝘥𝘥𝘺 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘻𝘦 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮 𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘦𝘢𝘤𝘩 𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘺𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘺. 𝘔𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥: 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘛𝘢𝘯𝘫𝘶𝘯𝘨 𝘑𝘢𝘣𝘶𝘯𝘨 𝘉𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘵 𝘙𝘦𝘨𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘺 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘢 𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 90 𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘦 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘴. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘢 𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘪𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘺 𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘢. 𝘍𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘻𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘥𝘦𝘴𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘱𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮 𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘦 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘻𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘢 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘤𝘢𝘭𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘮𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥. 𝘙𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘴: 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘴 𝘴𝘩𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘷𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘰𝘶𝘴 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘦 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘦𝘦 𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘺𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘪𝘦𝘴, 𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘦 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘰𝘯 𝘪𝘳𝘳𝘪𝘨𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘷𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘩𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘩𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘳𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘶𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘴. 𝘍𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘦 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘪𝘥𝘢𝘭 𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘥, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘮𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵 𝘰𝘯 𝘓𝘦𝘣𝘢𝘬 𝘴𝘸𝘢𝘮𝘱 𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨. 𝘉𝘢𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘢𝘭𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦, 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘭𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘴𝘩𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘵𝘴 𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘶𝘳𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘪𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘸𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘬𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘰𝘶𝘵𝘴𝘪𝘥𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘢𝘮𝘪𝘭𝘺. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘙/𝘊 𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰 𝘰𝘧 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮 𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘦𝘦 𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘺𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘪𝘴 >1. 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘭𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯: 𝘈𝘮𝘰𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘦𝘦 𝘵𝘺𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘱𝘢𝘥𝘥𝘺 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥𝘴, 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘩𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘦 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘪𝘳𝘳𝘪𝘨𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘱𝘢𝘥𝘥𝘺 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥𝘴. 𝘗𝘢𝘥𝘥𝘺-𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮 𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘪𝘳𝘳𝘪𝘨𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘥, 𝘵𝘪𝘥𝘢𝘭, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘴𝘸𝘢𝘮𝘱 𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘦.

𝘐𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯: 𝘊𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘷𝘰𝘭𝘶𝘮𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘴 𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘰𝘰𝘭𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘣𝘦 𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘢𝘴 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘪𝘯𝘨, 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘨, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘥𝘦𝘤𝘪𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘱𝘢𝘯𝘺 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘢𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘥𝘦𝘴𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘥𝘦𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘮𝘢𝘺 𝘰𝘤𝘤𝘶𝘳 𝘪𝘯 𝘴𝘢𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘷𝘰𝘭𝘶𝘮𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘵𝘴 𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘶𝘳𝘳𝘦𝘥. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘰𝘣𝘫𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘰𝘯 𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦 𝘢𝘴 𝘸𝘦𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘴 𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘷𝘰𝘭𝘶𝘮𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘏𝘢𝘴𝘢𝘯𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘯 𝘖𝘳𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘥𝘴 𝘕𝘶𝘳𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘺 & 𝘓𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘺. 𝘔𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥𝘴: 𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘪𝘴 𝘥𝘦𝘴𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘱𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘢 𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘢𝘤𝘩 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘢 𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘺 𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘱𝘳𝘪𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘺 𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘢 𝘰𝘣𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩 𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵 𝘰𝘣𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘪𝘦𝘸𝘴. 𝘊𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦 𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘢 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘶𝘭𝘢 𝘛𝘰𝘵𝘢𝘭 𝘊𝘰𝘴𝘵 (𝘛𝘊 = 𝘝𝘊 + 𝘍𝘊) 𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘷𝘰𝘭𝘶𝘮𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘤𝘢𝘭𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘶𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘪𝘯, 𝘣𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘬 𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘯 𝘱𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵 (𝘉𝘌𝘗), 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘪𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘴𝘢𝘧𝘦𝘵𝘺 (𝘔𝘖𝘚). 𝘙𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘴: 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘤𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘴 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘴𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘰𝘳𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘥 𝘴𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘣𝘰𝘵𝘵𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘏𝘢𝘴𝘢𝘯𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘯 𝘖𝘳𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘥𝘴 𝘕𝘶𝘳𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘺 & 𝘓𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘺 𝘪𝘯 2019 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 48,000 𝘶𝘯𝘪𝘵𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘣𝘰𝘵𝘵𝘭𝘦 𝘴𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘴 𝘰𝘳 𝘙𝘱1.920.000.000 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘢 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘙𝘱928.430.869, 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘌𝘗 𝘱𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘦 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘙𝘱61.300.000, 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘌𝘗 𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘸𝘢𝘴 1.534 𝘣𝘰𝘵𝘵𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘰𝘳𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘥 𝘴𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘔𝘖𝘚 𝘭𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘭 𝘰𝘧 96.80% 𝘰𝘳 𝘴𝘢𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 46.466 𝘣𝘰𝘵𝘵𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘰𝘳𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘥 𝘴𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘴. 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘭𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯: 𝘚𝘢𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘵 𝘏𝘢𝘴𝘢𝘯𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘯 𝘖𝘳𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘥𝘴 𝘕𝘶𝘳𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘺 & 𝘓𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘺 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘦𝘹𝘤𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘦𝘥 𝘉𝘌𝘗 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘴𝘢𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘤𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘳 𝘧𝘪𝘹𝘦𝘥 𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘵𝘴 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘮𝘦𝘢𝘯𝘴 𝘴𝘢𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘨𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵𝘴. 𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘴 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘣𝘦 𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘢𝘴 𝘢 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘳𝘦𝘧𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘯𝘦𝘹𝘵 𝘴𝘢𝘭𝘦.