Caspian University

This article examines the lack of independence of Article 444 of the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Administrative Offenses, which establishes liability for participation in gambling. The article examines the derivative nature of this provision, as it applies only if a court verdict has entered into force in a criminal case initiated under Article 307 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, declaring gambling activity illegal and consistent with the characteristics of gambling. This legal structure creates a dependence of administrative liability on criminal prosecution, which contradicts the principles of promptness and inevitability of punishment. Based on an analysis of Kazakhstan legislation, law enforcement practice, and scientific approaches, it is concluded that the existing administrative liability mechanism does not fully meet the goals of state regulation of gambling. The authors conclude that comprehensive improvements to the regulatory framework are necessary, along with clarification of the provisions of Article 444 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Republic of Kazakhstan and increased coordination between government agencies. Furthermore, the authors substantiate the need for legislative delineation and clarification of the legal nature of gambling in the context of administrative prosecution.

Urban green infrastructure plays a crucial role in enhancing environmental resilience in cities, particularly in arid regions characterized by water scarcity, soil salinity, and high climatic stress. However, arid coastal cities remain insufficiently studied with regard to spatially explicit assessments of the structure and dynamics of green infrastructure. This study evaluates the state and spatial organization of urban green infrastructure in Aktau, Kazakhstan, over the period 2015–2025, with the most recent satellite observations obtained in June 2025. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery was used to calculate seasonal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) values, and zonal statistics were applied to assess intra-urban differentiation across functional zones. In addition, inventory-based indicators—Green Planting Density (GPD), Structural Composition of Greenery (SCG), and Protective Green Infrastructure (PGI)—were integrated to complement the remote sensing analysis. The results indicate a moderate overall increase in mean NDVI values (from 0.21 to 0.28), with the most significant growth observed in central and coastal areas (ΔNDVI = +0.12; ΔSAVI = +0.21), while industrial and newly developed zones exhibit only limited changes. Despite these localized improvements, the spatial configuration of green infrastructure remains fragmented, reflecting a persistent center–periphery asymmetry in urban greening. These results underline the importance of irrigation practices and spatially targeted greening strategies for improving vegetation conditions in arid urban environments. The proposed integrated approach combining satellite-derived vegetation indices and inventory-based indicators can serve as a useful tool for monitoring urban green infrastructure and supporting evidence-based planning in arid coastal cities.

This research focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of novel bitumen additives aimed at improving the performance and durability of asphalt materials. The synthesized additives were characterized using spectroscopic and thermal analysis techniques, such as FTIR and TGA, to determine their structural and thermal properties. Modified bitumen samples were prepared by incorporating different concentrations of the synthesized additive, and their physical, mechanical, and rheological properties were investigated through penetration, softening point, ductility, flash point and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests. Experimental results indicated that the additive significantly enhances the high-temperature stability, reduces temperature susceptibility, and improves the rheological performance of bitumen. Specifically, modified bitumen exhibited increased resistance to rutting, aging, and oxidative degradation compared to conventional bitumen. This improvement in bitumen performance can lead to extended pavement life, reduced maintenance costs, and enhanced sustainability in road construction.

The article presents the results of a study of the physical and mechanical properties of a biopolymer gravel composite made on the basis of polylactide (PLA) and natural gravel. The developed composite is intended for filtration elements of hydrogeological wells. The biopolymer-gravel composite was tested for compressive strength. The results showed that the biopolymer gravel composite is characterized by sufficient mechanical strength and resistance to the effects of the aquatic environment, which confirms the feasibility of its use as an environmentally safe material for filtration elements of hydrogeological wells. The obtained data can be used for further optimization of the composition of the composite material and the development of new biopolymer block gravel filters of hydrogeological wells.

This study presents a novel approach to optimizing energy consumption in rock destruction by integrating advanced design parameters of cutting elements. A hybrid experimental-computational model was developed to evaluate the specific energy of destruction () across granite, limestone, and sandstone. Key findings include energy savings of 15% in granite, 12.5% in limestone, and 13.7% in sandstone, achieved by optimizing the angle of attack – 30º, edge curvature – 0.5 mm, and applying wear-resistant DLC coatings 2500 HV. Laboratory tests, field experiments, and finite element simulations validated the model's accuracy within ±6%. The study identifies critical parameter interactions, such as angle of attack and coating hardness, reducing shear stresses and wear losses. These advancements lower operational costs by approximately $50,000 annually per excavator and extend tool life. Limitations include the limited range of rock types tested and slight simulation overestimations in abrasive sandstone. Future research should explore adaptive cutting element designs with real-time parameter adjustments using sensor-based systems and machine learning. The findings offer practical recommendations for implementing optimized tools in mining and construction, enhancing efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This work bridges theoretical insights and industrial applications, providing a scalable framework for energy-efficient rock destruction.

The pursuit of sustainable agricultural practices necessitates a reduction in synthetic fertilizer reliance. Integrating bio-fertilizers presents a promising alternative, but their efficacy can be influenced by crop management strategies, such as planting density. Understanding these interactions is crucial for optimizing crop physiology and yield in oilseed crops like rapeseed. This study aimed to investigate the individual and interactive effects of different fertilizer regimens and seeding densities on the chlorophyll content of the RGS cultivar of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). A field experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with three replications in Tashkent Province, Uzbekistan. The experimental factors consisted of three fertilizer ratios (100% chemical, 50% chemical + 50% biological, and 100% biological) and three seeding densities (30, 45, and 60 seeds per m2). The relative chlorophyll content of the leaves was measured at the full flowering stage using a SPAD-502 meter. Analysis of variance revealed that the main effects of both seeding density and fertilizer treatment, as well as their interaction, significantly influenced chlorophyll content at the 1% probability level. The highest chlorophyll content (65.5 SPAD units) was recorded in plants treated with the combined 50% chemical + 50% biological fertilizer at the lowest seeding density of 30 seeds per m2. Conversely, the lowest value (40.5 SPAD units) was observed in the 100% biological fertilizer treatment under the highest density of 60 seeds per m2. A general trend indicated that chlorophyll content increased notably as plant density decreased. The findings demonstrate that the integrated application of chemical and bio-fertilizers, particularly at lower planting densities, can significantly enhance the photosynthetic health of rapeseed by potentially improving nutrient uptake efficiency. For farmers in the region, adopting this combined fertilizer strategy at moderate densities is recommended as a viable approach for achieving optimal yield while aligning with the principles of sustainable agriculture.

Экономика мен әлеуметтік құрылымның серпінді өзгеруінің қазіргі жағдайында озық кадрлармен қамтамасыз етудің маңыздылығы барған сайын айқын бола түсуде. Адами капиталды дамытуға бағытталған стратегиялар мен құралдарды кешенді зерттеу жекелеген аймақтардың бәсекеге қабілеттілігін арттырып қана қоймай, тұтастай алғанда елдің тұрақты әлеуметтік-экономикалық дамуына ықпал етеді. Осы мақаланың мақсаты Атырау облысындағы кадрларды даярлау нарығының ағымдағы жай-күйін және адами капиталдың даму динамикасын талдау болып табылды, бұл қазіргі проблемалар мен мүмкіндіктерді анықтауға мүмкіндік берді. Зерттеуде форсайт әдісі қолданылды. Rapid Foresight әдісі жылдам болжам жасауға және икемді стратегияларды қалыптастыруға арналған. Ол тез бейімделу және өзгеретін жағдайларда қолданылды. Бұл әдіс сарапшылардың сауалнамасына негізделген және болжам бойынша консенсусқа қол жеткізеді. Белгісіздік деңгейі жоғары стратегиялық мәселелер үшін тиімді. Озық кадрлармен қамтамасыз ету және өңірлік даму құралдарын кешенді зерттеу кадрларды даярлаудың тиімді жүйесін құру өзгермелі жағдайларға жауап ретінде жүйелі тәсілді, барлық мүдделі тараптардың өзара іс-қимылын және икемділікті талап ететінін көрсетті. Rapid Ғoresight әдістемесін пайдалана отырып, форсайт-сессияларды өткізу сарапшылар мен мүдделі тараптардың пікірлерін жинауға, трендтер мен ықтимал тәуекелдерді анықтауға, сондай-ақ өңірдегі жағдайды жақсарту үшін ұсынымдар әзірлеуге мүмкіндік берді. In today's dynamic changing economy and social structure, the importance of providing advanced personnel is becoming more and more obvious. A comprehensive study of strategies and tools aimed at developing human capital not only increases the competitiveness of individual regions, but also contributes to the sustainable socio-economic development of the country as a whole. The purpose of this article was to analyze the current state of the personnel training market and the dynamics of human capital development in Atyrau region, which made it possible to identify existing problems and opportunities. The foresight method was used in the study. The Rapid Foresight method is designed for rapid forecasting and the development of flexible strategies. It was used in conditions of rapid adaptation and change. This method is based on a survey of experts and allows you to reach a consensus on forecasts. It is effective for strategic issues with a high level of uncertainty. A comprehensive study of advanced human resources and tools for regional development has shown that the creation of an effective personnel training system requires a systematic approach, interaction and flexibility of all stakeholders in response to changing conditions. Conducting foresight sessions using the Rapid foresight methodology allowed us to gather the opinions of experts and stakeholders, identify trends and possible risks, and develop recommendations for improving the situation in the region.

Мақалада қоғамдық сананы жаңғырту жағдайында болашақ педагогтардың этнопедагогикалық құзыреттілігінің құрылымын анықтаудың теориялық-әдіснамалық тәсілдері талданған. Құзыреттіліктің негізгі компоненттері: когнитивтік, құндылық-мағыналық және іс-әрекеттік сипаттамалары қарастырылып, жоғары оқу орны практикасында оларды тиімді дамытуға ықпал ететін педагогикалық жағдайлар айқындалған. Зерттеу білім беру ортасын кешенді талдауды қамтамасыз ететін жүйелілік, құзыреттілік және мәдениеттанымдық тәсілдерге негізделген. Жұмыс барысында Абай атындағы Қазақ ұлттық педагогикалық университетінің 120 студенті арасында сауалнама жүргізіліп, оның нәтижелері 2023–2024 жылдар аралығындағы салыстырмалы динамикада зерттелген. Сондай-ақ профессор-оқытушылар құрамымен жартылай құрылымдалған сұхбат жүргізу және оқу бағдарламаларына этномәдени компоненттің енгізілу деңгейіне контент-талдау жасау әдістері қолданылған. Студенттердің басым бөлігінде (64%) этнопедагогикалық құзыреттіліктің қалыптасу деңгейі орташа екені анықталып, әдістемелік қолдауды жүйелеу қажеттілігі негізделген. Мақалада ұлттық құндылықтарды оқу үдерісіне инновациялық форматтар: цифрлық сторителлинг, этно-кейстер және геймификация элементтері арқылы кіріктірудің тиімділігі көрсетілген. Мультимедиялық технологияларды пайдалану және этнопедагогикалық жағдаяттарды интерактивті модельдеу болашақ мұғалімдердің мәдениетаралық сезімталдығын едәуір арттыратыны дәлелденген. Зерттеу нәтижесінде педагогикалық жоғары оқу орындарының оқу жоспарлары мен тәрбие жұмысы бағдарламаларының мазмұнын жаңарту бойынша практикалық ұсынымдар тұжырымдалған. Алынған қорытындылар полиэтникалық білім беру ортасында тиімді жұмыс істеуге және қоғамдық келісімді нығайтуға қабілетті кадрларды даярлау үшін жүйелі этнопедагогикалық тәсілді енгізудің маңыздылығын растайды. The article analyzes theoretical and methodological approaches to defining the structure of the ethnopedagogical competence of future teachers in the context of modernizing public consciousness. The study examines the key components of this competence—cognitive, value-semantic, and behavioral—and identifies the pedagogical conditions that facilitate their effective development in university practice. The research is based on systemic, competency-based, and culturological approaches, providing a comprehensive analysis of the educational environment. In the course of the work, an empirical study was conducted, including a survey of 120 students at the Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University. The results were examined in comparative dynamics over the 2022–2024 period. Methods of semi-structured interviews with faculty members and content analysis of educational programs were applied to assess the degree of integration of the ethno-cultural component into the educational process. It was determined that for the majority of students (64%), the level of ethnopedagogical competence is average, which justifies the need for systematizing methodological support for learners. The article demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating national values into the educational process through such innovative formats as digital storytelling, ethno-cases, and elements of gamification. It is proved that the use of multimedia technologies and interactive modeling of ethnopedagogical situations significantly increases the intercultural sensitivity of future teachers. As a result of the study, practical recommendations were formulated for updating the content of curricula and educational work programs in pedagogical universities. The findings confirm the importance of implementing a systemic ethnopedagogical approach to prepare qualified personnel capable of effectively carrying out professional activities in a multi-ethnic educational environment and contributing to the strengthening of social harmony.

Comprehensive studies were carried out on three water bodies in the Astrakhan region at different distances from the locations of active fish farms. Standard methods of chemical laboratory analysis were used to determine the hydrochemical parameters. As a result of the studies it has been determined that the quality of the aquatic environment of the studied natural water bodies is heterogeneous. This is due both to the natural redistribution of the values of the hydrochemical parameters under consideration and to the change in their quantity as a result of the activities of arable fish farms. The most informative water parameters of natural water bodies of Astrakhan region at the stage of organization of fish farms were determination of characteristics of oxygen regime, degree of organic pollution and quantity of such biogenic elements, as mineral nitrogen and phosphorus in the water of streams potentially considered for cropping fish. The above-mentioned environmental parameters, as well as weighted substances, can be recommended for productive ecological monitoring in the operation phase of agricultural fish farms. The hydrochemical parameters of the environment, the definition of which is recommended in watercourses of the Astrakhan region at the stage of organization and operation of farm fish farms.

The operating conditions of locomotives and rolling stock are considered when determining the optimal loading of dump cars under train starting conditions on a calculated gradient of 21,4‰, which helps justify the need for constructing new connecting tracks. The railway access lines of the Donskoy Mining and Processing Plant (Donskoy GOK) play a key role in ensuring the enterprise’s transport and logistics operations. The study highlights that the complex profiles of existing connecting tracks hinder the movement of loaded trains and contribute to increased wear of both track components and rolling stock. The importance of efficient infrastructure operation under difficult terrain and small-radius curves is emphasized. Donskoy GOK is one of the world’s largest enterprises for chromium ore mining with an extensive mineral resource base. The paper reviews the prospects for the development of the plant’s railway infrastructure within a five-year plan. It concludes that improving the track infrastructure is essential to enhance transport efficiency and ensure sustainable production growth.