Halla University

This letter introduces a method to optimize the temperature offset drift and noise efficiency factor (NEF) for chopper and auto-zero instrumentation amplifiers. In order to optimize offset drift and NEF, our proposed amplifier exploits a threshold voltage (Vth) tracking reference. A prototype of the proposed amplifier was fabricated using a standard 0.35μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology and occupies 0.174 mm2. Using the Vth tracking reference, an offset drift of 80 nV/℃ is achieved. The measured NEF was 2.45 with a supply current of 1.1 mA.

Pipelines that satisfy k-anonymity alone remain vulnerable to attribute disclosure under skewed sensitive attributes. We studied real-time anonymization of high-throughput data streams under strict delay budgets (β). We jointly enforced k-anonymity and l-diversity via a delay-aware Monitor-Trigger-Repair controller that selects swap vs. merge by minimizing a weighted objective λΔIL + (1 - λ)ΔRT while bounding overhead with a neighbor cap (c) and a growth cap (γ). On UCI Adult stream replay, we identified operating regions where stricter privacy does not necessarily increase distortion: with moderate-to-high k and sufficiently large β, groups satisfy l preemptively, reducing reconfigurations and avoiding aggressive generalization, thereby mitigating information loss relative to k-only baselines. Privacy metrics (l-satisfaction rate and entropy) also improved. We further report a focused sensitivity analysis on λ, c, and γ and evaluate an entropy-driven adaptive lt controller, showing that these levers provide interpretable trade-offs between latency and distortion and can suppress excessive reconfiguration and tail latency.

Oil contamination in subsurface soils caused by leaks from underground storage tanks (USTs) and industrial facilities has become a significant geo-environmental concern. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) migrate through the ground and are difficult to remediate once dispersed; thus, prevention of migration is critical. This study experimentally investigated a hybrid liner system combining three barrier mechanisms-physical, reactive, and absorptive-to prevent TPH migration in the subsurface. Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted using a soil box simulating groundwater flow, in which Type A (100% polynorbornene powder) and Type B (mixed bentonite-sand-polyolefin-polynorbornene) liners were embedded under different soil types and spill distances. Results showed that permeability decreased rapidly after oil contact, reaching the transition zone within 120 H. Type A responded more quickly and achieved lower permeability, while Type B provided comparable but slower reduction owing to its mixed composition. These findings demonstrate that hybrid liners effectively block oil migration without hindering groundwater flow and that soil condition and spill location should be considered when selecting liner type for field applications.

Companies use emoticons in the content of their brand fan pages as a means to enhance their relationships with consumers. Few studies have been conducted on how emoticons work on Facebook brand fan pages. In addition, previous research on emoticons does not provide any obvious mechanism for emoticons’ effects, and their findings also have certain limitations as a result that reveal mixed results. This study was designed to clarify the mechanism for emoticons’ effects. Two studies were conducted in total. In Study 1, we conducted a one-way ANOVA on 82 subjects recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and PROCESS macro model 4 for the mediation analysis. We confirmed that emoticons lowered the perceived functional value of brand fan pages and increased the perceived hedonic value. In addition, we found that the influence of emoticons on consumer attitudes toward brand fan page was only mediated by the hedonic value. In Study 2A, which examined the influence of product type and brand status, we conducted a 2 (emoticons) × 2 (product type) × 2 (brand status) ANOVA on 233 subjects recruited through Amazon MTurk, and contrast analysis and PROCESS macro model 6 were used for the interaction effect analysis and mediation analysis. We found that the positive effect of emoticons only occurred in utilitarian products with high brand status and hedonic products with low brand status. Study 2B, conducted using an Instagram version, yielded results identical to those of Study 2A. Finally, this study’s theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

This study addresses privacy concerns in real-time streaming data, including personal biometric signals and private information from sources such as real-time crime reporting, online sales transactions, and hospital patient-monitoring devices. Anonymization is crucial because it hides sensitive personal data. Achieving anonymity in real-time streaming data involves satisfying the unique demands of real-time scenarios, which is distinct from traditional methods. Specifically, security and minimal information loss must be maintained within a specified timeframe (referred to as the average delay time). The most recent solution in this context is the utility-based approach to data stream anonymization (UBDSA) algorithm developed by Sopaoglu and Abul. This study aims to enhance the performance of UBDSA by introducing a secure, useful, and high-performance data stream anonymization (SUHDSA) algorithm. SUHDSA outperforms UBDSA in terms of runtime and information loss while still ensuring privacy protection and an average delay time. The experimental results, using the same dataset and cluster size as in a previous UBDSA study, demonstrate significant performance improvements with the proposed algorithm. It achieves a minimum runtime of 24.05 s and a maximum runtime of 29.88 s, with information loss rates ranging from 14% to 77%. These results surpass the performance of the previous UBDSA algorithm.

Entrepreneurship is the first start of an innovative enterprise and plays a key role in developing countries and communities.The state, local governments, and university start-up support organizations provide various support such as start-up education, start-up clubs, start-up camps, and start-up idea contests to encourage university students to start a business.Since entrepreneurial intention is regarded as the first step in entrepreneurial behavior, the intention-based model has received much attention from scholars in entrepreneurship research.This study aims to determine how college students' situational self-awareness affects their entrepreneurial intentions.Selfawareness theory is an important research topic in psychology, but it isn't easy to find studies applied to entrepreneurship.Situational self-awareness is a situational concept that notes that the flow of an individual's awareness moves inward or outward.As a sub-factor of self-awareness, it is divided into private, public, and environmental self-awareness.People with strong private self-awareness focus on their inner feelings and thoughts.On the other hand, people with strong public self-awareness focus on how others see them.People with strong environmental self-awareness tend to focus their thoughts and feelings on the external environment.This study confirmed the effect of environmental and private self-awareness of college students on their entrepreneurial intentions.

Increased industrialization and aging infrastructure have resulted in leaks of hazardous chemicals, such as CO. Leak modeling is crucial to developing emergency response strategies. Therefore, we simulated the time to criticality (TTC), which is the time to reach the threshold limit for occupational exposure, of a CO leak. The basis of the study is a fire dynamics simulator, a computational fluid dynamics model that was used to investigate the movement of CO in various scenarios, including using different building layouts and areas, temperatures, and leak diameters. Multiple regression analysis was performed to obtain regression equations for the TTC as a function of the independent variables. Ultimately, we found that the type of dispersion varies with respect to the temperature-dependent density of CO, and, among the independent variables, the leak diameter had the strongest effect on the TTC. The regression equations with logarithmic conversion were validated and found to have higher accuracy than those without logarithmic conversion. The findings provide useful information for developing emergency response plans regarding leak size in the case of hazardous chemical leakage. However, empirical studies of different gas types and leakage scenarios are required.