Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá

Abstract This paper estimates the causal effect of the prohibition of corporate campaign donations in Brazil—resulting from the Brazilian Supreme Court’s ruling in ADI 4650 (2015)—on campaign fundraising. The analysis uses microdata from the Brazilian Electoral Court (TSE) campaign finance records covering municipal and general elections from 2006 to 2022. The main estimates focus on the first election following the institutional shock (2016 for municipal offices, 2018 for state and federal offices), while extended periods are used in the event-study analysis. Identification relies on a Difference-in-Differences design with continuous treatment, in which the intensity of the shock varies according to each office’s historical dependence on corporate donations, measured by the average share of corporate contributions in total campaign revenues prior to 2015. We estimate a log-linear model of campaign revenue aggregated by office, state, and election year, including office, state, and year fixed effects, with standard errors clustered at the state level. The analysis focuses on the first election following the institutional shock (2016/2018) in order to minimize contamination from subsequent institutional adjustments. The results show a negative and statistically significant coefficient for this interaction term, consistent with proportionally larger declines in fundraising among offices that had historically relied most heavily on corporate donations. An event-study analysis with continuous treatment corroborates these findings, revealing no evidence of differential pre-trends prior to the reform and documenting a sharp and persistent decline in fundraising among the most exposed offices beginning in the first election after the ban. The findings provide causal evidence that reforms to campaign finance rules generate heterogeneous effects across political offices, asymmetrically reshaping the distribution of financial resources available for electoral competition. JEL Codes: D72; K16; C21

Quantifying animal movements is necessary for answering a wide array of research questions in ecology and conservation biology. Consequently, ecologists have made considerable efforts to identify the best way to estimate an animal's home range, and many methods of estimating home ranges have arisen over the past half a century. Most of these methods fall into two distinct categories of estimators that have only recently been described in statistical detail: those that measure range distributions (methods such as kernel density estimation that quantify the long-run behavior of a movement process that features restricted space use) and those that measure occurrence distributions (methods such as Brownian bridge movement models and the Correlated Random Walk Library that quantify uncertainty in an animal movement path during a specific period of observation). In this paper, we use theory, simulations, and empirical analysis to demonstrate the importance of appropriately using these two categories of distributions and their estimators. Conflating range and occurrence distributions can have serious consequences for ecological inference and conservation practice. For example, in most situations, home ranges estimated using estimators of occurrence distributions are too small, and this problem is exacerbated by ongoing improvements in tracking technology that enable more frequent and more accurate data on animal movements. We encourage researchers to use estimators of range distributions to quantify home ranges and estimators of occurrence distributions to answer other questions in movement ecology, such as when and where an animal crossed a linear feature, visited a location of interest, or interacted with other animals.

Abstract Symptomatic of the social change brought by late globalization, the dietary patterns of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLC) worldwide are changing, bringing consequences for people’s health and well-being. In this review we focused on food transition (FT) and the driving forces behind these changes. We aimed to diagnose, analyse, and quantify the key factors influencing FT in IPLC worldwide. For this purpose, we conducted a systematic literature review to analyse scientific discourse and synthesize key insights. We analysed 36 papers published between 1996 and 2022. The key factors leading FT (151) were identified in the papers and clustered by similarity into 21 categories. These categories were then grouped according to their: spatial scale: household, community, regional, national, and global; typology: driver (external to the system), fast and slow variables (internal to the system); and social, economic, and environmental dimensions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first diagnostic-orientated review of the key factors leading FT in IPLC. The categories with the highest number of key factors were those associated with the economic dimension. According to our review, economic key factors are the primary drivers of changes in community dynamics at household level, while social key factors, as a response to economic changes, contribute to transformations in lifestyle and dietary patterns. The environment plays also a central role in FT in IPLCs, determined by the availability of wild natural resources used as food. Drivers acting regionally are among the most frequent triggers of FT. We highlight the importance of identifying and monitoring key factors triggering FT to support and provide insights for further research, as well as propose effective public policies that guarantee food diversity, food security, and life quality for IPLC.

Este artigo busca analisar relações de continuidade e descontinuidade, entre objetos da cultura material cerâmica e lítica de decoração incisa e ponteada, relacionada aos indígenas Tapajó e Konduri, e objetos associados produzidos sobre suportes orgânicos, nomeadamente os frutos da Crescentia cujete. A produção de cuias no baixo Amazonas, um ofício de mulheres, representa uma rica tradição cujas origens provavelmente são anteriores a invenção cerâmica. Ricamente decoradas são uma parte pouco conhecida da cultura Santarém, que teve seu período de maior pujança entre os séculos X e XVIII. Persistindo na época colonial, imbricavam elementos decorativos de origem indígena, europeia e asiática, como atestam os exemplares reunidos em áreas de antigas missões jesuíticas, como Monte Alegre e Santarém, por Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira na sua Viagem Filosófica (1783-1792). Um aspecto da cultura Santarém que quando melhor abarcado abrirá caminhos para a compreensão das dinâmicas existentes entre cultura material compartilhada, territorialidades e continuidades culturais no passado e no presente.

Abstract Records of bats with coloration anomalies has increased in the last years in South America, with few records from the Amazon. Here, we report new records of coloration anomalies in phyllostomid bats from Brazilian Amazon. We captured one species with leucism: Artibeus planirostris and ten species with piebaldism: Dermanura gnoma , Hsunycteris thomasi , Glossophaga bakeri , Glossophaga soricina , Lionycteris spurrelli , Lophostoma silvicola , Phyllostomus elongatus , Phyllostomus hastatus , Trachops cirrhosus , and Tonatia maresi . The impact of coloration anomalies in bats and other vertebrates has been a topic of debate, with some authors suggesting that these alterations increase the risk of predation and intraspecific conflicts, thereby reducing survival and fitness. Our findings may indicate that even with color anomalies, bats can survive, and bats reach adulthood.

O artigo examina a teoria da Revisão Judicial Responsiva (RJR), desenvolvida por Rosalind Dixon, e suas condições de aplicabilidade no contexto brasileiro, com ênfase nas nomeações e composição do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF). O texto confronta a RJR com desafios da realidade brasileira: persistência de desigualdades históricas, baixo nível de diversidade no Judiciário, politização das nomeações e déficit de accountability. Descrevendo a relação entre mecanismos de nomeação, independência e diversidade, a análise enfatiza que, num momento em que o STF se vê diante de novos descontentes em relação à sua atuação, possui pouco ferramental para uma prática de responsive judging, falhando na tarefa de se pluralizar e de conseguir variar o tom, autoria e narrativa das suas decisões. A atual homogeneidade social, racial, de gênero e regional da composição da corte interfere no seu horizonte de possibilidades de implementar a RJR, mas a teoria pode se estabelecer como ideal normativo para o aperfeiçoamento e legitimação do tribunal.