Karagandy State University

Microsurgical DREZotomy (MDT) involves lesioning the dorsal root entry zone at the cervical spinal level, carrying a potential risk of iatrogenic spinal cord injury. Misidentifying the C4 root can lead to impaired diaphragmatic contractions and respiratory compromise. This report is the first MDT procedure in our Central Asian region and introduces the simultaneous analysis of 3 ventilator waveforms-capnography, pressure time, and flow time-as a novel, rapid-response intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring for definitive C4 root identification. Traumatic brachial plexus avulsion is an upper limb injury resulting in severe complications such as paralysis and neuropathic pain. Patients with refractory, pharmaco-resistant pain may be candidates for cervical MDT. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during MDT is beneficial because it allows for anatomical mapping from C4 to Th1 nerve roots. The C4 root should not be targeted during MDT because it is cardinal for diaphragmatic muscular activity. Three ventilation curves simultaneously displayed synchronous changes during C4 ventral root stimulation, indicative of phrenic excitation and the diaphragm's reaction against the anesthesia machine. The expected C4 ventral root responses completely aligned with the stimulation patterns observed across all 3 monitored parameters. The simplicity of this method and its high practical applicability make it valuable for identifying phrenic nerve fibers during various surgical procedures where nerve roots responsible for diaphragmatic muscle contraction may be at risk.

Digital neuropsychology is an emerging interdisciplinary field integrating traditional neuropsychological principles with digital technologies to enhance cognitive assessment, diagnosis, and rehabilitation. This article examines the evolution of digital tools in neuropsychological practice, evaluating their validity, reliability, and clinical utility compared to traditional paper-and-pencil methods. We analyze current applications including computerized cognitive testing, virtual reality-based assessments, mobile health applications, and artificial intelligence-driven diagnostic systems. Digital technology integration offers unprecedented opportunities for continuous monitoring, personalized interventions, and improved accessibility to neuropsychological services. However, significant challenges persist regarding standardization, data security, and culturally adapted digital instruments. The systematic review examined extensive international research, revealing substantial growth in digital neuropsychology applications across diverse clinical populations. Well-validated computerized batteries demonstrate psychometric properties comparable to traditional methods while offering significant advantages in precision, efficiency, and ecological validity. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent developments in digital neuropsychology and provides evidence-based recommendations for future research and clinical implementation.

The study of the predictor of academic achievements of first-year students, the indicator of which is calculated based on the final grades of academic achievements in academic performance are considered. Self-management skills were determined using the method of N. Peisakhov, and the sample included 90 first-year students of the Faculty of Philosophy and Psychology of the E.A. Buketov Karaganda University. Quantitative analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The study showed that the self-management operation «predictor» can be considered as a predictor of student academic performance. The field of search for psychological predictors of students' academic performance is constantly expanding. For example, psychologists around the world are beginning to carefully study various aspects of self-management skills in vocational education in order to improve the academic performance of your students. Kazakh psychologists have established that self-management is a necessary condition for students' educational and professional achievements

An important aspect of food technology is that vitamin compounds can be used for a variety of purposes, such as developing methods to enhance the nutritional value of foods. This paper discusses the synthesis and properties of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-functionalized silver nanoparticles, and the use of the resulting β-CD-AgNP inclusion complex when loading vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol, VD3) molecules. β-Cyclodextrin was used as a reducing agent and a stabilizer in the production of silver nanoparticles. The preparation of VD3-β-CD-AgNP nanocompositions was confirmed by UV spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the resulting β-CD-VD3-AgNP nanocomposite was well dispersed with particle sizes ranging from 6 to 15 nm. 1H-, 13C-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy showed the reduction of silver ions and the formation of β-CD-encapsulated AgNPs. The kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition reaction of the VD3-β-CD-AgNP nanocomposition have been determined under nonisothermal conditions that ensure the preservation of the kinetic triplet and a more accurate description of the process. The nanocomposition of VD3 with silver nanoparticles demonstrated antibacterial activity against the used bacteria.

This study presents a methanol-assisted pathway that converts hydroxyl-containing amidine into a polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) through direct CO2 fixation, followed by its transformation into a cross-linked ionic polymer (CL-IP). Methanol plays a crucial role in this process, acting as both a structural and electronic mediator. Its strong hydrogen-bonding interactions with amidine activate the molecule toward CO2 capture and promote the formation of ionic intermediates. Spectroscopic analyses (FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR) revealed the emergence of amidinium and alkyl-carbonate groups, while viscosity and mass measurements indicated progressive polymerization during CO2 absorption. Density functional theory calculations confirmed the stabilizing effect of methanol and the reduced HOMO–LUMO gap, which facilitates PIL formation. The subsequent condensation of the PIL with glutaraldehyde produced a dense three-dimensional cross-linked network (CL-IP), as verified by FTIR, XPS, SEM, and TGA analyses. These results highlight a straightforward and sustainable strategy for constructing hydrogen-bond-mediated ionic polymers capable of tunable CO2 capture and potential application in environmentally compatible materials.

The study examined the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to form teachers' deviantological competence. The primary objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the competency-based approach in preparing teachers for interaction with children with deviant behavior. The study adopted a mixed-methods research design. The purposive sampling technique was used to sample 100 educators from two different schools. It was an experimental study; 50 teachers in the experimental group participated in the training program while 50 teachers in the control group received no additional training. The six-week program consisted of training, simulations, cases, mentoring, and the use of AI platforms (simulators, chatbots, adaptive systems, behavioral analytics tools, and gaming services). Data were collected using questionnaires, tests, and competency scales. Analysis of the results (t-test, MANOVA, correlation and regression analysis) revealed a significant increase in the level of professional readiness of teachers in the experimental group in the areas of knowledge, skills, and practices (p < 0.05), while changes in attitudes were insignificant. The program effectively improved teachers' readiness levels. Teachers demonstrated improved skills for addressing deviant behaviors, creating a supportive learning environment, and developing empathy. The study, therefore, provides experimental evidence that shows the effectiveness of a competency-based approach in preparing teachers for interaction with children with deviant behaviors.

The aim of this study was to analyse the legal frameworks and strategies for the integration of the state language in different countries, considering their cultural and historical specificities. The study aimed to investigate how language policies have influenced national identity and the preservation of linguistic diversity. The research methodology was based on the analysis of legal frameworks and educational programmes that promote the state language. The research process examined international instruments governing language rights as well as national legislation governing the use and protection of state and regional languages. In addition, the analysis included an examination of programmes aimed at supporting and promoting the state language in education, public institutions and through media projects. The results of the study showed that in all the countries analysed, the state language played a central role in strengthening national identity and preserving cultural heritage. Educational programmes proved to be an essential tool for integrating the state language, starting at an early age and continuing at all levels of education. Legislative measures in each country ensured the compulsory use of the state language in administrative and official activities, which contributed to its consolidation and diffusion in society. Many countries were also found to have developed legal instruments to protect minority languages, creating equal conditions for their use in the public sphere. Supporting the state language through cultural and media projects was also an important aspect of language policy, which contributed to its popularisation. The study confirmed the importance of the balance between supporting the state language and preserving linguistic diversity, especially in the context of contemporary cultural and social challenges. This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/ .

This article presents the synthesis and comparative characterization of humic acids extracted from brown coal deposits of Kuznetsk and Kumuskuduk in Kazakhstan. Advanced analytical techniques, including infrared (IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC), were employed to investigate the physicochemical and structural properties of the humic acids derived from these two distinct geological sources. The results revealed significant differences in elemental composition, particularly in carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen content, which were directly related to the geological and environmental conditions under which the coals were formed. Variations in the concentration of carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups were also identified, influencing the sorption capacity, acidity, and complexation behavior of the humic acids. Thermal analysis demonstrated differing levels of thermal stability and decomposition patterns, reflecting the structural heterogeneity of the samples. This study highlights the importance of geological origin in determining the functional potential of humic substances and supports their application in environmental remediation, agriculture, and water purification.