Kostroma State University named after N A Nekrasov

The article identifies possible causes of difficulties in mastering educational activities by younger schoolchildren. From the point of view of the neuropsychological approach, symptoms of unformed higher mental functions (HMF) in children with learning difficulties have been identified. The insufficiency of the function of programming and control of activity, visual-spatial orientation, kinesthetic practice is most often revealed. The presence of insufficiency of several HMF was determined in 91 % of children in this category.

The article is devoted to the modern gemstone jewellery casting technology. The advantages, disadvantages, and benefits of this technology are considered. It is shown that the use of gemstone casting technology allows for a significant reduction in the production process, significantly saves the gem setter’s highly skilled labour, and reduces the cost of manufacturing jewellery. The requirements for the materials used, the features of stone selection, the requirements for their size and shape, the features of the design and construction of cast products, the most common types of defects and methods for their elimination, and the requirements for the operations of firing the moulds and pouring the metal are noted. It is shown that the technology under consideration can be successfully used in production only under conditions of high technological discipline.

Nitriding is one of the technologies used to improve the performance properties of tool steels. In addition to traditional gas nitriding, technologies aimed at increasing the productivity and/or efficiency of processing have found application in industry. This paper presents the results of using vacuum and plasma electrolytic nitriding to improve the wear resistance of M2 high-speed steel, as well as prospects for further development of these technologies. XRD and SEM methods were used to study the structural and phase changes in the surface layers, showing the formation of layers of connections hardened to 1200–1300 HV. Tribological tests were carried out under dry friction conditions according to the shaft-shoe scheme with varying sliding speed. The mechanism of contact interaction during the friction of nitrided steel was established. It is shown that plastic deformations are the prevailing type of deformation. The mechanism of destruction of the surface layer is fatigue wear during dry friction without lubrication. This provides an increase in wear resistance by 6–29 times.

Any building that consumes energy resources (heat, electricity, etc.) is an indirect emitter of greenhouse gases. Since the combustion of fuel to generate energy resources for its needs is carried out in a thermal power plant, boiler room, etc.

The purpose of this article is to present the diagnostic results of the traditional values of modern adolescents participating in the All–Russian socio–state movement of Children and Youth ‟Movement of the First” in the Kostroma region. Based on the analysis of regulatory documents on this topic, the main methodological approaches to the problem of forming the value orientations of seminal youth, as well as the results of a pilot study, the article provides an overview of the key values formed among adolescents, which underlie the traditional Russian spiritual and moral principles of organizing educational work. The presented material is the first part of a study of the traditional spiritual and moral values of modern youth in the Kostroma region.

The article examines the issue of improving the foreign-language communicative competence of university students through the study of modern colloquial speech of the French youth. Due to its dynamic development and active replenishment, the youth sociolect is an important and promising cultural and sociolinguistic resource for teaching a foreign language. The author analyzes the communication style and the main features of youth communication, which are characteristic of the youth speech, phonetic, grammatical and lexical expressive means. The main ways of replenishing the vocabulary of the youth language and examples of use are also provided. It is emphasized that the youth sociolect is saturated with emotionally colored vocabulary of a reduced level and includes argotisms, verlanized words, alphanumeric coding, borrowings. The specificity of the youth vocabulary determines the complexity of perception and understanding of foreign speech, complicates speech behavior and communication. The researcher concludes that it is necessary to turn to a comprehensive consideration of the youth sociolect in the process of studying a foreign language in order not only to view youth speech as a form of language existence, but also to analyze the linguistic trends occurring in the sphere of the national French language and determining its further development and functioning. It is noted that the inclusion of tasks using youth vocabulary in the educational process contributes to the development of students’ socio-cultural competence. The material has to be carefully prepared, linguistic and cultural realities have to be studied along with the analysis and discussion of complex units of speech and expressions, appreciation of the communicative situation and social status of the participants in communication, and comparison of the national-cultural and social specifics of their country and the country of the language studied.

The use of techniques and methods in teaching medical students that combine the principles of problem-solving and modeling in educational practice helps to develop their ability to independently acquire new knowledge and collect the necessary information. Many problems that are unsolvable when setting up real experiments turn out to be easily eliminated in computer modeling, increasing the visibility and scientific and theoretical level of presentation of the material. The use of virtual and experimental models provides an opportunity for real representation, as well as visual transformations of objects ranging from the cellular to the system level. The knowledge, skills, and new experience acquired in this process can play an essential role in the development and formation of a person both as a professional and as a person in general. The relevance of the modeling method in preparing presentations for independent work of students plays an important role in the accumulation of material on disciplines, including integrated ones, effectively developing clinical thinking, skills and abilities to work in a team, acquiring skills in modern medical technologies. The purpose of the publication was to use angiohypertensive therapy in hemodialysis as a clinical model and the effectiveness of using current modeling methods in the process of studying topics on the module "Urinary system" in the course of normal physiology for students of a medical university. The modeling method as a competence-based approach and its implementation in the educational process along with innovative teaching technologies will expand the practical skills and professionalism of junior students. In the future, this will increase their creative potential in senior years when studying the discipline "Pathological Physiology".

As a result of the analysis of archival materials, collections of documents, and memoirs of the war survivors, the authors of the article for the first time comprehensively have analysed the work of industrial enterprises in Kostroma during the participation of the USSR in World War II. In order to better understand how difficult it was to fulfill military orders, a description of pre-war Kostroma is given, showing the unsolved tasks, the fulfillment of which was aggravated by the war. The subjective and objective reasons for the under-fulfillment of the military production plan were identified: personnel shortages, difficulties in restructuring for the production of military products, arrival of unskilled workers, shortages of raw materials and fuel, underperformance of managers at various levels, and household problems. But since the 2nd half of 1943, all Kostroma enterprises had begun to fulfill and exceed their plans. The authors analysed a set of measures that helped this: multifaceted work with personnel, primarily with newcomers to enterprises, diverse ideological and political work, introducing new forms of socialist competition, improvement of the morale climate due to victories on the fronts, etc. As a result, the enterprises successfully fulfilled defence orders and, overcoming physical and psychological difficulties, residents, like the whole country, achieved victory over a strong enemy.

<p>An original concept of educational content consumption is presented, which was implemented in a study aimed at identifying Russian consumers' preferences regarding educational products in the era of infotainment. It was assumed that there are two consumer segments: those oriented towards education (followers of "Mr. First") and those oriented towards entertainment (followers of "Mr. Second"). To test this hypothesis, a nationwide online survey was conducted using the Anketolog online platform (693 respondents, of whom 48.3% were men and 51.7% were women, with an average age of 34.49 years, SD = 12.83), along with the original questionnaire "Enlightenment in the Era of Infotainment." Additionally, the following methods were used: G. Hofstede’s questionnaire for assessing value differences, the brief Big-Five personality questionnaire, and a question evaluating the level of personal agency (based on the concept of I.N. Emelyanova). The results showed that followers of "Mr. Second" exhibit low openness to new experiences, high anxiety, low organization, and low self-discipline. In contrast, followers of "Mr. First" are more curious, creative, and responsible. Differences in values were also identified: individuals inclined towards entertainment tend to be more individualistic and sensitive to uncertainty, whereas those committed to education are more oriented towards collective values and experience lower stress levels. In the groups with a high level of personal agency (those with intellectual-creative and pragmatic positions), the number of respondents oriented towards education (followers of "Mr. First") exceeds the number of entertainment-oriented individuals. Conversely, in the group with an imitative position (the lowest level of personal agency), entertainment-oriented individuals predominate in quantitative terms. The findings confirm the hypothesis of two consumer segments with distinct personality traits and value orientations, which can be used both for adapting educational programs and for providing recommendations to various media outlets.</p>