Microcom (United States)

Abstract The merits of using a neuromorphic, or event‐based camera (EBC), for tracking of both passive and active matter are demonstrated. For passive matter, the Brownian motion of different micro‐particles is tracked and their diffusion coefficients are estimated. For active matter, the case of tracking murine spermatozoa is explored and motility parameters are extracted from the motion of cells. This has applications in enhancing outcomes for clinical fertility treatments. Using the EBC, results equivalent to those from an sCMOS camera are obtained, while achieving a reduction in file size of up to two orders of magnitude. This is important in the modern computer era, as it reduces data throughput, and is well‐aligned with edge‐computing applications. The EBC is considered an excellent choice, particularly for long‐term studies of active matter.

Rubidium two-photon frequency standards are emerging as powerful contenders for compact, durable devices with exceptional stability. To date, the field has focused on single-color excitation; here, we demonstrate the key advantages of a two-color excitation of a two-photon optical frequency standard based on the $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{D}_{5/2}$ transition of rubidium-87 using driving fields at 780 and 776 nm. Using the $5{P}_{3/2}$ intermediate state to resonantly enhance the transition, we show that frequency stabilities comparable to rubidium single-color two-photon frequency standards can be attained, notably with approximately tenfold lower optical power and tenfold lower rubidium vapor density. Optimization of the detuning from the $5{P}_{3/2}$ intermediate state and of the optical powers of the driving lasers has a dramatic effect on the frequency stability, achieving the best short-term stability of any two-photon rubidium frequency standard to date: $6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ at $\ensuremath{\tau}=1$ s. We demonstrate that this level of performance is compatible with a compact geometry by fully self-referencing the frequency standard using an integrated fiber frequency comb to simultaneously stabilize the 780-nm laser's detuning from the $5{P}_{3/2}$ intermediate state, producing a frequency-stable microwave output. A comprehensive noise characterization underpins our observations of this two-color frequency standard, explaining the measured stability and showing that this frequency standard is initially shot-noise limited before becoming limited by light shifts in the long term. This work represents a major advance toward a low size, weight, and power frequency standard based on two-color excitation.

We show a thermally stable self-injection DFB laser lock to a microring resonator system, increasing the range of temperature for which a laser stays within 100 MHz of the target frequency by a factor of 100. By including amplification in the feedback loop, the per-laser power dedicated to this locking was reduced. We further added a 2.2 km fiber spool to explore the remote locking performance of the system.

Pengukuran koefisien viskositas zat cair menggunakan hukum Hagen-Poiseuille dengan metode Microcomputer Based Laboratory telah dilakukan. Viskositas merupakan ukuran penolakan fluida terhadap perubahan bentuk di bawah tekanan shear. Hukum Hagen-Poiseuille digunakan dalam penelitian ini karena zat cair yang digunakan merupakan zat cair Newtonian. Tangki viskometer kapiler yang dikaitkan ke sensor gaya diisi zat cair untuk kemudian dialirkan keluar melalui pipa kapiler dengan panjang (9,8±0,09)×10-2 m dan diameter dalam (2,1620±0,0096) ×10-3 m. Data penurunan massa zat cair direkam menggunakan sensor gaya buatan Vernier Tecnology dan analisis fitting data menggunakan software Logger Pro. Nilai karakteristik waktu diperoleh dari hasil fitting data digunakan untuk perhitungan koefisien viskositas zat cair menggunakan hukum Hagen-Poiseuille. Dari percobaan ini diperoleh nilai koefisien viskositas air sebesar (1,063±0,113) mPa.s yang sesuai dengan nilai acuan teori yaitu 1,002 mPa.s, oli SAE 10W-30 sebesar (79,01±8,90) Pa.s sesuai dengan nilai acuan teori 76,8 Pa.s, dan gliserin sebesar (593,4±56,7) mPa.s sesuai dengan nilai acuan teori 612 mPa.s. Measurement of liquid viscosity coefficient using Hagen-Poiseuille law with Microcomputer-Based Laboratory method has been done. Viscosity is the fluid declination measure of form changes under sheer pressure. Hagen-Poiseuille law is used in this study because the liquid used is a Newtonian liquid. Capillary viscometer tanks attached to force sensors are filled with liquid to be streamed out through capillary tubes of length (9.8 ± 0.09) × 10-2 m and the inner diameter (2.1620 ± 0.0096) × 10-3 m. Data on the mass degradation of liquids was recorded using a Vernier Technology force sensor while the data fitting analysis using Logger Pro software. The time characteristic values which obtained from the data fittings are used in the calculation of the liquid viscosity coefficient using Hagen-Poiseuille law. From this experiment, the obtained water viscosity coefficient value is (1.063 ± 0.113) mPa.s corresponds to the reference value of the theory is 1.002 mPa.s, the SAE oil 10W-30 is (79.01 ± 8.90) Pa.s corresponds to the reference value of the theory 76.8 Pa.s, and glycerin is (593.4 ± 56.7) mPa.s corresponds to the reference value of the theory 612 mPa.s.

The aim of this study was to empirically investigate the needfulness of the Purchased Foodstuffs Balance Guide as designed for its users and also consider its influence on better dietary habits. The participants included 89 students who attended City A's Senior Citizens' College, and the reality of their ICT and dietary habits were surveyed. Next, 27 cable television subscribers were asked to be monitors for testing the Guide. The study took place during a period of September 2013 to March 2014. The results indicated that, for the senior citizens, ICT use was centred on communication with their families and that their awareness or desire was a low in terms of the functions of information transmission, entertainment and receipt of services. Next, after using the Purchased Foodstuffs Balance Guide, its needfulness and its influence on better food habits were examined. As a result, the most frequent response by the participants was that they 'understood [their own] purchasing tendencies' (36.0%), followed by the three items: 'The Guide is useful for managing my nutrition', 'The Guide enabled me to know what foodstuffs are required to supplement my diet' and 'I became more careful about purchasing foodstuffs in a balanced way.' The study showed that 70% of the participants felt that the Purchased Foodstuffs Balance Guide was useful and make decisions when purchasing food using the Guide. This indicates the possibility that the Guide exerts a positive influence on users' awareness of nutritional balance, foodstuff purchasing choices and dietary habits.

Instruction schedulers employ code motion as a means of instruction reordering to enable scheduling of instructions at points where the resources required for their execution are available. In addition, driven by the profiling data, schedulers take advantage of predication and speculation for aggressive code motion across conditional branches. Optimization algorithms for partial dead code elimination (PDE) and partial redundancy elimination (PRE) employ code sinking and hoisting to enable optimization. However, unlike instruction scheduling, these optimization algorithms are unaware of resource availability and are incapable of exploiting profiling information, speculation, and predication. In this paper we develop data flow algorithms for performing the above optimizations with the following characteristics: (i) opportunities for PRE and PDE enabled by hoisting and sinking are exploited; (ii) hoisting and sinking of a code statement is driven by availability of functional unit resources; (iii) predication and speculation is incorporated to allow aggressive hoisting and sinking; and (iv) path profile information guides predication and speculation to enable optimization.

In recent years several speech recognition systems that use visual together with audio information showed significant increase in performance over the standard speech recognition systems. The use of visual features is justified by both the bimodality of the speech generation and by the need of features that are invariant to acoustic noise perturbation. The audio-visual speech recognition system presented in this paper introduces a novel audio-visual fusion technique that uses a coupled hidden Markov model (HMM). The statistical properties of the coupled-HMM allow us to model the state asynchrony of the audio and visual observations sequences while still preserving their natural correlation over time. The experimental results show that the coupled HMM outperforms the multistream HMM in audio visual speech recognition.

Block cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes represent a popular and powerful class of error detection techniques used almost exclusively in modern data communication systems. Though efficient, CRCs can detect errors only after an entire block of data has been received and processed. In this work, we exploit the nature of error detection that results from using arithmetic codes for error detection, which provides a novel tradeoff between the amount of added redundancy and the amount of time needed to detect an error once it occurs. We demonstrate how this continuous error detection framework improves the overall performance of communication systems, and show how considerable performance gains can be attained. We focus on several important scenarios: 1) automatic repeat request (ARQ) based transmission; 2) forward error correction (FEC frameworks based on (serially) concatenated coding systems involving an inner error-correction code and an outer error-detection code; and 3) reduced state sequence estimation (RSSE) for channels with memory. We demonstrate that the proposed CED framework improves the throughput of ARQ systems by up to 15% and reduces the computational/storage complexity of FEC and RSSE by a factor of two in the comparisons that we make against state-of-the-art systems.

Partial redundancy elimination (PRE) is one of the most important and widespread optimizations in compilers. However, current PRE-techniques are inadequate to handle predicated code, i.e., programs where instructions are guarded by a 1-bit register that dynamically controls whether the effect of an instruction should be committed or nullified. In fact, to exclude corrupting the semantics they must be overly conservative making them close to useless. Since predicated code will be more and more common with the advent of the IA-64 architecture, we present here a family of PRE-algorithms tailored for predicated code. Conceptually, the core element of this family can be considered the counterpart of busy code motion of [17]. It can easily be tuned by two orthogonal means. First, by adjusting the power of a preprocess feeding it by information on predication. Second, by relaxing or strengthening the constraints on synthesizing predicates controlling the movability of computations. Together with extensions towards lazy code motion, this results in a family of PRE-algorithms spanning a range from tamed to quite aggressive algorithms, which is illustrated by various meaningful examples.