Moscow State University of Technologies and Management named after K.G. Razumovskiy

Introduction. The neuroactive insecticide imidacloprid, a member of the neonicotinoid class, is widely used worldwide to control various insect pests. Its high solubility leads to its entry into surface and groundwater, posing a significant risk to aquatic life.The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicity of imidacloprid on Danio rerio, including determining the LC50 and investigating the effects of varying insecticide concentrations on hematological parameters, genotoxicity, and histopathology of the gills, liver, trunk kidney, and middle intestine.Material and methods. The study used standard methods for determining the sublethal concentration in aquatic toxicology, as well as examining the leukocyte formula, genotoxicity, and histological preparations of D. rerio.Results. The 96-hour LC50 (LC5096) was determined to be 85.3 mg/L, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 76.16-96.98 mg/L. Hematological and histopathological changes were investigated for subchronic toxicity across a concentration range of 4 to 76 mg/L. Imidacloprid exposure resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in erythrocyte counts, an increase in leukocyte counts, lymphopenia, and elevated numbers of monocytes, neutrophils, and basophils. An increased number of erythrocytes with nuclear abnormalities (deformed nuclei, 2.77‰; and fragmented nuclei, 2.85‰) was observed at concentrations of 38 and 76 mg/L. Histological changes were observed in the gills (basal epithelial atrophy and respiratory epithelial detachment), liver (sinusoidal capillary dilation and hepatocyte vacuolization), and kidneys (capillary dilation and tubular epithelial necrosis). The most prevalent histopathological finding was impaired circulation. In the middle intestine, an increased number of goblet cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes was observed.Limitations. The toxic effect of imidacloprid was assessed within the acute experiment. Additional experiments with longer duration and on other laboratory species would allow to reveal in more detail the mechanisms of toxic effect and related histopathological in disorders.Conclusion. The findings demonstrate the systemic toxicity of imidacloprid at concentrations exceeding 19 mg/L in Danio rerio organs and tissues.Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Commission on Bioethics of K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technology and Management, carried out in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental or other Scientific Purposes (ETS No. 123), Directive of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union 2010/63/EU of September 22, 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.Authors’ contribution. All co-authors made an equal contribution to the research and preparation of the article for publication.Conflict of interests. The authors declare no apparent and potential conflicts of interest in relation to the publication of this article.Funding. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 23-16-00123).Received: March 1, 2025 / Revised: April 30, 2025 / Accepted: November 25, 2025 / Published: January 15, 2026

The effect of probiotics “Enzymosporin” and Lactobacillus brevis 47f (LB 47f) was considered. Observations showed that the experimental test subjects demonstrated normal health indicators, without abnormalities in the functioning of the main body systems throughout the study. Morphometric parameters of the jejunum indicate that it is most developed in animals raised with the addition of probiotic LB47f to the feed, its total wall thickness is 1,676 microns, which is 19.09% more than in rabbits of the control group, and 8.7% more than in animals of the second experimental group. Thus, it can be concluded that in the jejunum of rabbits of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups treated with probiotics, the processes of food digestion and assimilation of feed nutrients are more intense than in the control. The histological data obtained on the cecum at the end of the experiment allow us to judge the visible differences in the indicators of the experimental and control groups. The thickness of the mucous membrane in the 2nd group is 5.2% less than in the control, and in the 3rd group, on the contrary, it is 5.3% more (p ≤ 0.05). Morphometric parameters of the cecal wall of animals of both experimental groups indicate an increase in the submucosal layer relative to the control: by 39.2% in group 2 and by 21.4% in group 1. The thickness of the muscular membrane of the cecum in both experimental groups of rabbits was higher than the control: by 17.7% in group 2 and 0.9% in group 3.

Изучение эпической аксиосферы православных народов, русского и болгарского, в нашем случае – былин и юнацких песен «маркова цикла» – обнаруживает, что поздние записи, в которых русские и болгарские эпические герои мотивированы ценностями «ветхого человека» (то есть жаждой добычи и славы), являются результатом деградации эпоса в иноэтничной, инокультурной среде. Статья посвящена исследованию причин, вызвавших внутреннюю деградацию эпоса, и характера этой деградации. A study of the epic axiosphere of Orthodox peoples, Russian and Bulgarian – in our case, the bylinas and the heroic songs of the «Cycle of Kraljević Marko» – reveals that later recordings, in which Russian and Bulgarian epic heroes are motivated by the values of the «old testament man» (i.e., the thirst for loot and glory), are the result of the epic's degradation in a foreign ethnic and cultural environment. In other words, this is an internal process of the «life of the epic», not an external adjustment by folklorist researchers. This article examines the causes of the internal degradation of the epic and the nature of this degradation.

ABSTRACT Digital financial services (DFS) have the potential to promote payments’ efficiency and boost financial inclusion even in remote areas with minimal traditional financial infrastructure such as bank branches. In Rwanda, the digitization of payments is a key policy strategy in a bid to transform the country toward a more cashless and knowledge-based economy. This article traces the development path of DFSs in Rwanda over the decade 2011 to 2021 using a mixed-methods approach, where the quantitative approach explores dynamics of key DFS indicators and the qualitative approach explores opportunities and challenges for further promoting DFS in the country. The findings indicate that between 2011 and 2021, the number of people using Internet and mobile banking increased quite substantially. The number of active mobile money subscribers increased from 1.6 million in 2012 to 5.1 million in 2021, while credit cards increased from 115,200 in 2011 to 686,309 in 2021. The transactional volume and value also increased remarkably, partly fueled by COVID-19 and innovative use of mobile money, including electronic tax payment. The article recommends improving Internet connectivity and quality, promoting digital literacy, improving interoperability, and enhancing cybersecurity to further boost DFS in Rwanda.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the epidemiology of addictive behavior among adolescents, as well as to study their psychophysical state. The author refers to the methodology of N.G. Anetko's analysis and assessment of the level of upbringing, which makes it possible to analyze and assess the level of upbringing of addictive adolescents and most accurately determine effective intervention and support strategies in the process of upbringing and correction of an addictive personality. In this aspect, the issues of moral education of this group of students at the Center for Psychological and Pedagogical Rehabilitation, Correction and Education "Ariadna" are considered. Important attention is paid to comprehensive psychological and pedagogical support measures aimed at the formation of healthy habits and resistance to addiction in rehabilitation institutions, which will create more effective intervention and support strategies.

ABSTRACT There are few psychoanalysts more closely associated with the notion of freedom than Erich Fromm. In 1941, Fromm published Escape from Freedom, which established him as a pioneering psychoanalyst and a public intellectual of global renown. The central chapter of Escape from Freedom was entitled, “Psychology of Nazism,” and in it, Fromm applied the principles of a social psychoanalysis to explain why people would be willing to give up their individual freedoms and embrace an authoritarian leader and a totalitarian regime. With the rise of far-right political parties throughout Europe and the United States, the importance of Fromm’s interdisciplinary study of freedom, and the responsibilities that a positive notion of freedom creates for us, has not diminished. This article revisits Fromm’s Escape from Freedom, focusing on both his social psychoanalytic approach, and on his contributions to understanding the limits of freedom, agency, and dangers posed by the reemergence of a fascist mind-set in the present day.

ABSTRACT Digital disconnection—the deliberate and temporal nonuse of digital media—is gaining traction as a response to the challenges of permanent connectivity in digital society. We examined the discourse on digital disconnection on Instagram using posts tagged with #disconnection from 2018 to 2023, encompassing the significant period of the Covid-19 pandemic. Drawing from a dataset of 38,170 posts on digital disconnection and using a data-driven method of topic modeling (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) based on the hashtags, we identified five topics in the social media discourse around digital disconnection. The topics highlight how disconnection is negotiated as a pathway to authentic experiences in connection with the world outside and with oneself.