Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports

For novice medical learners, do the benefits of correct AI explanations outweigh the risks of plausible misinformation? In a randomized trial with 111 students, we found they do not. Our results reveal a significant and problematic asymmetry: misleading AI explanations significantly degraded diagnostic accuracy, while correct explanations offered no significant improvement over a no-explanation control. Misleading explanations reduced diagnostic accuracy and showed no evidence of confidence calibration, such that confidence did not reliably distinguish correct from incorrect responses. This study provides crucial empirical evidence that, without proper safeguards, the harm caused by AI-generated falsehoods in this population and task is more potent and robust than the benefit derived from correct guidance. This finding highlights a fundamental safety challenge for AI in medical education, demanding a strategic pivot towards building learners' critical appraisal skills. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ChiCTR2500111932, registered on 7 November 2025.

Autologous breast reconstruction improves quality of life after mastectomy but carries a significant risk of postoperative complications. Body Mass Index is commonly used for risk stratification, despite limitations in reflecting body composition and fitness. This prospective study aimed to identify more optimal predictors for complication risk, including cardiopulmonary condition, smoking history, and body fat composition. In this prospective study, patients undergoing DIEP-flap reconstruction were assessed preoperatively with cardiopulmonary exercise testing and abdominal CT angiography. Subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, and intramuscular adipose tissue were measured from CT images. Complications were classified using the Clavien-Dindo system. Predictors of postoperative complications were identified using logistic regression and validated in an independent cohort. Postoperative complications occurred in 46% of the 39 enrolled patients, with 33% requiring medical intervention (CD grade ≥ II). Physical fitness, measured using CPET, was not associated with CD≥ II complications. In multivariable analysis, only SAT and smoking history were independent predictors of complications, explaining 56% of the variance. A SAT threshold of 451 cm² for non-smokers and 204 cm² for patients with smoking history was identified, achieving 100% sensitivity and 77% specificity. Validation in an independent cohort confirmed the predictive value of SAT (AUC 0.715). Physical fitness and BMI were not independent predictors of postoperative complications. SAT and smoking history were stronger predictors and can be easily accessed through routine CT imaging. These findings support the use of SAT as a practical, more accurate risk stratification tool for autologous breast reconstruction candidates.

This survey study investigated the priming strategies used by track-and-field coaches in South-East Asia. The anonymous online survey fielded questions across themes of: 1) demographic information, 2) prevalence and nature of priming strategies prescribed, 3) priming strategies used, and 4) challenges faced when implementing priming strategies. Forty participants (mean age: 37.6 ± 9.86 years; coaching experience: 10.1 ± 8.43 years) completed the survey, including head coaches (n = 15), assistant coaches (n = 11), trainers (n = 9), and other coaching staff (n = 5). Participants specialised primarily in track events—sprints and hurdles (70%), middle distance (35%), long distance (15%)—and field events—jumps (12.5%) and throws (5%). Plyometrics (87.5%) was the most frequently used priming strategy, followed by high-intensity strength training (67.5%), flexibility and mobility (65%), and weightlifting derivatives (42.5%). Plyometrics, high-intensity strength training, and weightlifting derivatives were generally implemented 1–2 days before competition, while flexibility and mobility were implemented 1–2 h pre-competition. Considerations for successful implementation of the priming strategies included equipment and venue limitations, time restraints, biological and training age, and the athlete's willingness and mentality. For practical application, coaches could incorporate plyometric routines, consisting of 3–4 sets with 1–5 reps, into their athletes’ training schedules 1–2 days before competition. Priming strategies used should consider athletes’ developmental stages and logistical factors (i.e., equipment availability and event time constraints) to support optimal competition performance.

IntroductionThis study empirically examined the role of perceived parental autonomy support in promoting moral behavior among student-athletes through the Trans-Contextual Model (TCM).MethodsUsing data from 355 Korean high school athletes across 16 sports, we investigated the effects of autonomy support on autonomous and controlled motivations in everyday and sport contexts, and their subsequent influence on moral attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and prosocial and antisocial behaviors.ResultsStructural equation modeling revealed that parental autonomy support positively influenced both autonomous and controlled motivations in daily life, which then transferred to sport contexts. Autonomous motivation significantly predicted moral beliefs and intentions, leading to increased prosocial and decreased antisocial behaviors. Interestingly, controlled motivations also positively impacted subjective norms, suggesting complex motivational processes underlying moral conduct.ConclusionThese findings extend previous research by integrating Self-Determination Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior, highlighting the importance of motivational quality and contextual transfer in shaping athletes’ moral actions. Practical implications for coaching, parental education, and athlete development programs are discussed, along with directions for future longitudinal and cross-cultural research.

Background and aimAlthough many adolescent athletes experience mild or no symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, the potential mid-term effects on physical performance have not been fully characterized. COVID-19 has been associated with alterations in physiological systems related to strength, speed, and aerobic capacity, which may persist after return to sports activity. Furthermore, limited information is available on postinfection recovery trajectories in adolescent athletes, and return-to-play recommendations for this population often rely on data derived from adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on physical performance and the recovery trajectory over three months in adolescent male soccer players in Romania.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 120 male soccer players aged 12-16 years, equally divided into COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. The COVID-19 group included athletes with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR or rapid antigen testing, while the non-COVID-19 group consisted of athletes with no history of infection, confirmed by negative IgM/IgG serology. Participants underwent weekly fitness tests, including handgrip strength, 10 m and 30 m sprints, bench press, and beep test. For the COVID-19 group, results were analyzed at three time points: one month before infection, one month after infection, and three months postinfection. The Friedman test with Bonferroni correction was applied to assess intragroup changes over time, and differences between the two groups were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Effect sizes were calculated using Cliff’s delta (δ) for nonparametric comparisons.ResultsAll performance metrics showed significant deterioration one month postinfection (p < 0.001). Partial or full recovery was observed at three months. While bench press and 10 m sprint performance returned to baseline levels, handgrip strength, 30 m sprint, and beep test scores remained significantly lower than pre-COVID values. In contrast, the non-COVID-19 group showed stable performance and better results across all time points.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with significant, but predominantly transient, impairments in strength, speed, and aerobic capacity in adolescent soccer players. Although most performance parameters showed partial or complete recovery at three months postinfection, persistent deficits were observed in grip strength and cardiovascular endurance. These results suggest that the neuromuscular and aerobic systems may require longer recovery periods in adolescents compared with other components of performance. Structured functional monitoring and individualized return-to-play protocols are essential to ensure a safe and effective return to sport activity after COVID-19.

Physical activity in older adults, depending on its frequency, intensity, and structure, yields favourable outcomes in mobility, mental agility, and overall quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of structured physical activity programs on the physical profile of older adults. Methods: A longitudinal repeated-measures design was conducted with 236 female participants aged 60 to 94, divided into two groups: short-term follow-up (6 weeks) and long-term follow-up (47 and 48 weeks). Results: Anthropometric evaluation revealed significant differences in weight and abdominal circumference among the short-term group, with moderate to high reductions (r = 0.766 for abdominal circumference; d = –0.311 for weight). In contrast, 50% of the participants in the long-term group showed moderate increases in these variables, in both frequency and upward trend. Functional capacity assessment using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) showed small to moderate improvements in five of the six tests for the short-term group. However, in the second measurement, the walking time test revealed a deterioration in agility and functional speed. In the long-term group, lower-body flexibility improved, but a significant decline was observed in walking distance by the end of the evaluation (d = –0.687). While the program demonstrated positive potential, its overall impact was moderate in the short term and mild in the long term. Therefore, a structural redesign is recommended to promote sustained benefits, particularly by enhancing muscular strength as a key factor in functional autonomy during aging.

Relevance. Esports has evolved from an amateur hobby into a professional sport of global significance. The effectiveness of esports athletes is determined not only by their abilities but also by their capacity to analyze and adapt gaming behavior based on data, which shapes their model characteristics. Modeling, as a leading method of sports training, is aimed at reproducing the patterns of an athlete’s activity for its optimization. In esports, model characteristics are reflected in the format of a digital footprint (rating) directly within the digital environments of video games. The study of the systematization of rating algorithms in video games that are international esports disciplines, as well as of the model characteristics derived from them, is highly relevant. Methods.Analysis of scientific literature and specialized Internet resources (digital footprints in 13 video games), expert survey (n=26), and modeling. Results. The article presents a review of scientific literature devoted to model characteristics in esports, as well as an analysis of scoring systems in video games that are international esports disciplines. Based on interviews with experts and analysis of digital footprint databases in video games, model characteristics of esports athletes were compiled. A systematic analysis of the model characteristics of esports athletes, formed through a comprehensive study of digital footprints generated in the process of gameplay interaction in video games, is presented. Model characteristics of esports athletes of various qualification levels were studied and structured across 13 video games (Dota 2, CS2, League of Legends, Valorant, Standoff 2, Warface, World of Tanks (Steel Hunter), World of Tanks (7x7 Esports), Mobile Legends: Bang Bang, Apex Legends, Fortnite, Rocket League, Tekken 8, FC 24 (sports simulator)) for each stage of sports training. Conclusion. The model characteristics of esports athletes based on digital footprints (ratings) in video games serve as a reference point for modeling training loads at each stage of sports training. The results of this study can become the foundation for sports selection as an important element of athletic preparation.

Patient satisfaction after one year of distal radius fracture fixation is influenced by various aspects such as the surgical approach, the patient's physical functioning, and psychological factors. Hence, a multimodal machine learning prediction model combining traditional rating scales and postoperative X-ray images of patients was developed to predict patient satisfaction one year after surgery for personalized clinical treatment. In this study, we reviewed 385 patients who underwent internal fixation with a palmar plate or external fixation bracket fixation in 2018-2020. After one year of postoperative follow-up, 169 patients completed the patient wrist evaluation (PRWE), EuroQol5D (EQ-5D), and forgotten joint score-12 (FJS-12) questionnaires and were subjected to X-ray capture. The region of interest (ROI) of postoperative X-rays was outlined using 3D Slicer, and the training and test sets were divided based on the satisfaction of the patients. Python was used to extract 848 image features, and random forest embedding was used to reduce feature dimensionality. Also, a machine learning model combining the patient's functional rating scale with the downscaled X-ray-related image features was built, followed by hyperparameter debugging using the grid search method during the modeling process. The stability of the Radiomics and Integrated models was first verified using the five-fold cross-validation method, and then receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the performance of the model on the training and test sets. The feature dimensionality reduction yielded 16 imaging features. The accuracy of the two models was 0.831, 0.784 and 0.966, 0.804 on the training and test sets, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) values for the Radiomics and Integrated model were 0.937, 0.673 and 0.997, 0.823 for the training and test sets, respectively. The calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) of the Integrated model for the training and test sets had a more accurate prediction probability and clinical significance than the Radiomics model. A multimodal machine learning predictive model combining imaging and patient functional rating scales demonstrated optimal predictive performance for one-year postoperative satisfaction in patients with radial fractures, providing a basis for personalized postoperative patient management.

Purpose of the study: to develop a consensus statement, based on the Delphi protocol methodology, regarding the key principles of postoperative rehabilitation for physically active individuals from the general population following primary isolated ACL reconstruction.Materials and methods: A two-round Delphi study was conducted to develop the consensus statement. The working group formulated a list of questions divided into three categories: core rehabilitation principles, criteria for return to activity, and paramedical aspects of care. Twenty-three rehabilitation experts participated, meeting strict criteria: higher medical or pedagogical education, at least 10 years of professional experience, and management of at least 100 patients after ACL reconstruction within the five years preceding the study. Consensus was defined as 70 % agreement among experts.Results: Consensus was achieved on all 42 items. Key findings include the necessity of early rehabilitation initiation (within the first week), emphasis on therapeutic exercise, a staged approach to recovery, and clear criteria for return to physical activity. Experts noted that instrumental physiotherapy, intra-articular injections, and frequent online consultations are not mandatory. The optimal duration of rehabilitation is 6–9 months with 5–6 training sessions per week. Critical success factors include patient motivation, continuity between surgeon and rehabilitation specialist, and accessibility of the rehabilitation plan.Conclusion: This consensus statement represents the first document of its kind within the Russian professional rehabilitation community. It provides orthopedic surgeons and specialists in physical and rehabilitation medicine with an opportunity to optimize management of patients with isolated ACL ruptures. Optimization can be achieved by improving continuity and applying unified approaches at different stages of the rehabilitation process, which will reduce complication risks, accelerate return to an active lifestyle, and improve quality of life after ACL reconstruction.