Polessky State University

Aim. To study of oxidative processes in testicular tissues after gamma irradiation. Material and methods. Using the polarographic method, the rate of oxygen absorption on endogenous and exogenous substrates (Vend, Vsuc, Vglu, Vdnf) and with specific inhibitors of tissue respiration of amytal and sodium malonate (Vam, Vmal) in testicular tissues at different times (3, 10, 40 days) after total single gamma irradiation (1.0 Gr). Results. It was found that, in the testicular tissues of rats at different times (3rd, 10th, 40th day) after total single gamma irradiation (1.0 Gy). In the early period (72 hours) after irradiation, (Vend) decreased by 14.7 % (p < 0.05), (Vsuc) by 18.6 % (p < 0.05) and (Vglu) by 10.9 % (p < 0.05) compared with the control. After 10 days, on the contrary, there was an increase in (Vend) by 108.2 % (p < 0.05), in the presence of exogenous succinate and glutamate substrates, increased (Vsuc) by 45.1 % (p < 0.05) and (Vglu) by 112 % (p < 0.05), SDdnf decreased by 12.8 % (p < 0.05), and with inhibitors, low-resistance respiration (MRD) increased by 9.4 % (p < 0.05). On day 40 (Vend, Vsuc, Vglu) increased by 120.7 % (p < 0.05), 124.8 % (p < 0.05) and 97.1 % (p < 0.05), respectively, SDdnf decreased by 11.5 % (p < 0.001), amytal resistant respiration (ARD) by 30.6 % (p < 0.05) and MRD by 11.7 % (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Increased oxygen uptake was accompanied by a significant decrease in SDdnf in both experimental groups (10th and 40th days), which suggested the threat of disconnection of oxidation and phosphorylation processes. A decrease in MPD also indicates a decrease in the contribution of fatty acids (FA) to the energy supply of testicular tissue.

Fusarium wilt of tobacco (FWT), caused by Fusarium spp., has emerged as a severe threat to tobacco production in China. In all, 132 isolates of Fusarium were isolated from tobacco and pathogenic to tobacco-causing FWT in Jilin Province, China. In this study, we identified 7 of 132 isolates as a novel species Fusarium tobaccum sp. nov. Zhao Xie & Jie Gao, using multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of translation elongation factor (tef1), β-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (cmdA), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) genes, along with subtle morphological differences. Isolates of F. tobaccum sp. nov. were clustered in a distinct branch in the maximum parsimony phylogenetic tree generated from the sequences of tef1-rpb2-tub2-cmdA and can be distinguished from closely related species F. cugenangense, F. callistephi, and F. elaeidis. The morphological characteristics of F. tobaccum sp. nov. are distinct from other Fusarium species. F. tobaccum sp. nov. exhibits abundant aerial mycelia and pigment production on potato dextrose agar (PDA), microconidia with 0-1 septa, and macroconidia with 2-5 septa on carnation leaf-piece agar (CLA), and produces abundant chlamydospores on Spezieller Nährstoffarmer agar (SNA) and CLA. The mycelia of F. tobaccum exhibited optimal growth at a pH of 7.1 and a temperature of 23.6°C. Sucrose and NaNO3 significantly promoted the mycelial growth of F. tobaccum. PD medium was optimal for total sporulation. However, the sporulation ratios of the macrospores of F. tobaccum in PD, SN, and CMC were relatively low (0.48%, 2.51%, and 2.16%, respectively). These findings provided valuable insights into the morphological and biological characteristics of F. tobaccum.IMPORTANCEFusarium wilt of tobacco (FWT) is a prevalent issue in tobacco-growing regions globally, leading to significant losses in yield and quality. This study identified F. tobaccum sp. nov., a novel species of Fusarium causing FWT in China. The identification was based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics. The effects of temperature, pH, carbon source, nitrogen source, medium, and light on the mycelial growth of F. tobaccum sp. nov. were determined. These findings might contribute to future research on the pathogenic mechanisms of this novel species and the development of strategies to control FWT.

The use of recombinant proteins in diets has a positive effect on animal health, promotes intestine recovery and the creation of beneficial microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract. The article contains the results of research in which the effect of 
 frozenthawed milk of goats producing recombinant lactoferrin on hematological parameters and productivity of calves at the age of 1-30 days was studied. Morpho-biochemical blood parameters were found to be within the physiological norms. The use of goat milk containing recombinant human lactoferrin in the diets of calves in the amount of 0.44-0.66 kg/head per day allows to increase the average daily live weight gain by 10,1-11,0% and reduce feed costs by 7.5- 7.7%.

Organizational schemes of gathering, recycling and processing of a plastic waste of agricultural production in Belarus are analysed. Their basic lacks are revealed. The new organizational-functional business model of processing of a waste of plastic is ofered. It is focused on development in republic of the circulating economy directed on use of a plastic waste in the form of secondary raw materials, the organisation of their reuse, minimisation of consumption of new natural resources and maintenance of ecological safety of environment.

Efficient functioning is the first and foremost problem of the control system of technological objects while evaluating its performance. The evaluation criteria can be as follows: the degree of relation between the control action and the control signal; the integrated index of the system dynamics; the statistical measure of the system quality. The article suggests an approach towards forecasting the efficiency of the control system based on neural networks. The efficiency forecasting of the control system on the basis of neural networks with a various number of hidden neurons has been performed. The best result has been demonstrated by the 4-7-2 MLP (multilayer perceptron) network which possesses four input, seven hidden and two output neurons respectively. The MLP has secured 99.19 % performance in the training sample and 98.97 % in the testing sample. The results obtained secure the rational use of the chosen neural network architecture for the purpose of forecasting the efficiency of the control system.

Aquaculture is based on the use of compound feed, which accounts for about 70–80% of costs. Due to their biological needs, metabolic characteristics and habitat, fish are more demanding on the quality of feed, the main suppliers of which in the Republic of Belarus are foreign firms. This leads to an increase in the cost of production and significantly hinders the development of aquaculture, therefore, when developing formulations of domestic mixed feeds for juvenile fish of valuable species, it is necessary to rely on the use of inexpensive, affordable and effective components. In the aquaculture of Belarus, one of the promising species for industrial production is the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell). High food plasticity makes it possible to grow it under industrial conditions, for example, in recirculating water systems, on the same artificial feed. It is known that the addition of algae to feed contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes in fish, accelerates the growth of natural beneficial microflora during digestion and strengthens the body’s immune system. On the basis of this, experimental compound feeds for juvenile African catfish were developed with the addition of chlorella, rapeseed cake and dyeing safflower to the suspension. A chemical analysis of the experimental and control feed was carried out, which revealed the ability of the developed feed to meet the needs of fish in basic nutrients on a par with the control feed. The results of growing African catfish using an experimental compound feed (KS + 3% rapeseed + 3% safflower + 3% chlorella suspension) indicated an increase in absolute and relative growth rates, as well as a decrease in the feed ratio, which made it possible to obtain the best economic effect among the applied compound feeds. This indicated the possibility of effective use of the developed compound feed with the addition of a suspension of chlorella and rapeseed and dyeing safflower cake as a full-fledged replacement for imported compound feed.

The effect of mycorrhization of regenerants blueberries at the stage of adaptation to ex vitro conditions on the phosphorus content in plants was analyzed. It was found that in blueberry varieties Bluerop and Patriot, after inoculation with the mycorrhizas fungi Phialocephala fortinii and Pezicula sp. after 2.5 months, the content of total phosphorus in plants significantly exceeds the control values in both varieties and with both mushrooms. In adapters, due to the formed mycorrhiza, the ability to absorb phosphorus from the soil increases.

МЕСТА ПАМЯТИ: ПРОБЛЕМА УВЕКОВЕЧИВАНИЯ УТРАЧЕННЫХ ХРАМОВ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ г.ПИНСКА) И

The study of mutual trade of the EAEU member states is relevant from the point of view of its improvement in order to achieve the macroeconomic effect of the EAEU creation. The purpose of the article is to study the economic indicators of mutual trade between the EAEU member states and to identify the main trends and prospects for trade relations development in the EAEU integration environment. The object of the study is trade relations between the EAEU member states. Methods used in the study. The study was conducted using official statistics of the EAEU for 2014–2018 and is based on economic comparisons and systematization. The development of cooperative ties within the EAEU, an extensive list of program and reporting documents was studied. Research hypothesis. Mutual trade of the EAEU member states has positive development trends. Statement of the main material. Significant changes in the dynamics of trade relations and their regulation in Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia are associated with the creation of the EAEU. The analysis of indicators of mutual trade between the EAEU member states showed that the Russian Federation occupies a leading position in mutual trade, and the Russian market is main market for goods from other EAEU member states. Trends indicate that the benefits of integration within the EAEU are not fully realized. Originality and practical value. Further development of EAEU trade relations is seen in the context of regional economic integration. Development on a cooperative basis will save the costs of the EAEU member countries and take advantage of the specialization of the countries. Conclusion. Intensification of mutual trade of the EAEU member states is possible by stimulating consumer and industrial demand, increasing the export of high-tech products and diversifying exports