Public Utilities Board

The prediction of traffic accidents continues to provide a considerable problem, primarily because present models inadequately capture and integrate the dynamic condition of drivers with immediate environmental risks, resulting in weak severity predictions. This research proposes a Hybrid Risk Assessment Framework aimed at predicting accident severity through the integration of diverse data streams, including real-time driver physiological signals and current road conditions. The proposed system utilises a stacked ensemble architecture, incorporating a Bi-LSTM to model the temporal aspects of internal risk (e.g., Heart Rate Variability, RMSSD) and an XGBoost classifier for static exterior risk features (e.g., Road Surface, TIT). The forecasts from these specialised base-learners are integrated by a Meta-Classifier, allowing the framework to understand complex non-linear interactions. The findings indicate the enhanced effectiveness of the hybrid method, with a final accuracy of 92.1% and a macro-averaged F1-Score of 0.915. This performance markedly exceeds single-modal baseline models (e.g., XGBoost baseline F1-Score 0.829), validating the concept that decision-level data fusion is crucial for accurate accident severity prediction and facilitating the development of highly reliable proactive safety systems. https://doi.org/10.65470/james.6

Kansas City Board of Public Utilities (BPU) has been providing clean water and electrical services to Kansas City, Kansas, for over 100 years. It serves around 169,000 people across 130 square miles in Wyandotte County. In 2020, BPU was informed that a 24-in. cast iron water main, installed in the 1940s and crossing the Kansas River (river), was exposed due to riverbed scouring. While a temporary solution was installed, its expected lifespan is only five years. Operating two transmission mains is insufficient for community needs, and the Kansas Department of Transportation’s (KDOT) 2025 demolition of the 18th Street Expressway Bridge will leave BPU without this crucial asset. To resolve this, BPU is replacing the main using horizontal directional drilling (HDD). The new main crosses challenging terrain, including a rocky hillside, a vital railroad corridor, the river, and a State Superfund site, with installation required before the bridge demolition in early 2025.

The City of Sherman, Texas, is in the midst of an infrastructure improvement program to support the recent growth of industry in the area. A significant element of the expansion program is the need for additional treatment of new industrial wastewater. After treatability studies concluded that a new industrial WWTP would be required, the City began the daunting task of delivering this new plant in less than 30 months with a design scarcely more than a concept. The team—including the City, Consulting Engineer, and Program Manager—sought collaborative delivery methods to bring a contractor on board. Based on Texas legal restrictions preventing the use of Design Build, the team selected Construction Manager at Risk (CMAR) as the optimal method to deliver the project. With the CMAR engaged, the full team was set. To deliver this project, the team used several logistical and management tools. Tools used included early procurement of long lead equipment, early works packages to allow construction to begin while design was finalized, team collaboration in the form of regular partnering sessions and teambuilding exercises, proactive budget management to ensure funding was secured in time, schedule collaboration to adjust and react quickly to unforeseen circumstances, and detailed quality control to ensure field work matched design intent. A detailed evaluation of each of these tools is discussed. Major challenges that the team overcame included rapid cohesion of a diverse team, rapid construction pace, public bidding of all work and equipment packages, design progression after bidding, and maintaining high work quality (both design and construction). The project is currently under construction and is on target to be completed on schedule in order to serve the industrial customers.

The article discusses fragments of teaching technical English in the
 vocational education system from the experience of a teacher, specifically by
 profession "Welder (manual and partially mechanized welding (surfacing))."
 Mastering technical vocabulary at the initial stage goes through reading instructions
 for the operation of household appliances in Russian, to hear and see the style of
 technical translation, and only then do students proceed to reading the instruction
 manual for professional tools and equipment in English, which makes it easier to
 understand the foreign language text.

The Slovenian Scientific Series in Humanities (SSSH) is a book series that promotes critical thinking, fosters original approaches and encourages comparative studies in the fields of history, anthropology, ethnology, linguistics and literary studies, geography and archaeology of rural, urban and maritime human environments.It concentrates on Slovenia and the eastern half of Europe, but is open to wider European and World themes.The SSSH wishes to help overcome the prevalently western centred perspective and interpretations as well as fill the knowledge gap about East-Central, South-Eastern, and Eastern Europe in international scholarly literature.It welcomes interdisciplinarily conceived volumes, theoretical explorations and alternative readings, original case studies and fieldwork research results.Topics covered include labour, development, population, migration, household, gender and kinship, the cultural landscape and natural resources use, multicultural and multilingual societies, the material and immaterial culture of past and present communities.The book series will include high quality focused thematic paper collections, original research monographs and higher education textbooks.The SSSH volumes will be of interest to researchers, postgraduate and undergraduate students, university and schoolteachers, as well as other professionals, experts and enthusiasts for current and innovative perspectives in humanities research.

Operations of water distribution networks (WDNs) are monitored daily via installed data loggers, where the collated hydraulic data can be leveraged to improve the system’s operations over time, and to minimize total economic losses due to non-revenue water (NRW). In collaboration with Public Utility Board (PUB), Singapore’s National Water Agency, a practically novel model calibration approach using 24/7 monitoring flow and pressure data has been developed to facilitate PUB’s Smart Water Grid (SWG). The approach is developed as a generic integrated solution process to conduct a series of systematic analyses for daily WDN model calibration, namely: (1) estimating the system’s daily NRW contributions; (2) performing flow calibration that involves net demand consumption calibration, adjusting pumps operational configurations and localizing NRW sources when the system’s daily estimated NRW volume exceeds its assumed background volume; (3) performing energy calibration by rectifying possible drifting in monitored pressure head data and calibrating other physical properties which include, but not limited to, pipe roughness and valve settings, especially during peak-demand hours. The effectiveness of our proposed approach is subsequently tested on three WDN zones in Singapore, having a total pipe length of >100km, that comprises of atypical water usage patterns. The results of model calibration for one of three zones is presented in this paper. The key outcomes derived from the study are: (a) localized a reported leakage event by PUB to less than 100m; (b) calibrated the system’s flow balance, to less than 1% average mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), by first identifying and addressing the system’s billing data uncertainties, followed by localizing anomaly events that account for the total NRW volume estimated; and (c) calibrated the system’s pipe roughness values to improve the total energy balance by achieving an average daily MAPE of 4.0%.

Acoustic sensors are widely used for monitoring urbanized water distribution networks (WDNs) to detect and localize pipe leakages. Since their inception, few research studies have focused on developing a generic, effective, and practical methodology to analyse complex acoustics signals for leakage detection and localization in large-scale WDNs. In collaboration with PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency, a generic acoustic data analysis approach has been developed to facilitate PUB’s present Smart Water Grid (SWG) management. The proposed approach encompasses multi-stage systematic analyses, namely: (1) data quality assessment; (2) data pre-processing; (3) near real-time leakage event detection and classification; and finally (4) near real-time leakage localization. Our proposed approach is then tested in major WDNs in Singapore having more than 1100km of underground water pipelines and 82 permanently installed hydrophone acoustic sensors between 1 Aug 2019 and 31 Aug 2020, where multiple historical leakage events were reported to within 600m, or less, from neighbouring hydrophones across the large complex networks. By emulating the near real-time detection and localization analyses daily, our proposed methodology could localize reported leakage events to an error range of around 150m on average, while demonstrating significant and stable acoustic leakage power rate over the temporal size of the leakage event cluster(s).

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic-ecological lake model combined with field measurements and sampling was applied to investigate the impacts of floating photovoltaic (PV) systems on hydrodynamics and water quality in a shallow tropical reservoir in Singapore. The model was validated using field data and subsequently applied to predict temperature and water quality changes for a hypothetical 42 ha placement of floating photovoltaic panels, covering about 30% of the water surface and capable of generating up to 50 MW of energy. The impact of the panel placement was studied numerically. The area of the reservoir where panels are placed experiences both light limiting and reduced wind stress conditions. The model indicated an average water temperature increase of 0.3 °C beneath the panels, consistent with the field observation from a 1 ha demonstration installation. Comparisons of model results between the uncovered and covered areas reveal greater stability of the water column (increase in Richardson number from 2.3 to 3.3) and reduction in mixing energy (from 9 × 10–7 to 7 × 10–7 W/kg) under the PV panels. Furthermore, the model predicted that chlorophyll a, total organic carbon and dissolved oxygen concentrations would decline by up to 30%, 15% and 50%, respectively, under the photovoltaic panels. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus, averaged over the water column, increased by 10% and 30%, respectively, under the panels. Distant from the floating solar panels, temperature, stability and water quality were unaffected.

Tritunggal adalah sebuah doktrin yang amat mendasar dalam iman Kristen. Sekalipun kata “tritunggal” tidak pernah muncul dalam Alkitab, kebenarannya mewarnai sepanjang penulisan Kitab Suci. Walaupun demikian, bukan berarti kebenaran ini diterima begitu saja oleh semua manusia. Dalam konteks Indonesia, yang notabene mayoritas penduduknya adalah pemeluk agama Islam, ide tentang satu Allah tetapi tiga dan tiga tetapi satu sangat bernuansa politeisme. Kaum muslim sangat menjunjung tinggi konsep monoteisme. Berpijak pada kebenaran monoteisme ini, bagi mereka, ide tentang Tritunggal bukan hanya aneh, tetapi juga harus ditolak dengan keras. Mengamati kedua fakta di atas, penulis melihat perlunya sebuah pembelaan apologetis terhadap tuduhan tersebut. Tulisan ini berusaha untuk memaparkan tuduhan kaum muslim berkaitan dengan problem teologis dan logis konsep Allah Tritunggal serta menyajikan sebuah pembelaan apologetis yang memadai. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan sebuah pembelaan apologetis yang obyektif dengan keyakinan bahwa doktrin Tritunggal bersifat monoteistik (pembelaan teologis) dan, walaupun jauh melampaui akal manusia yang terbatas, Tritunggal tidak irasional (pembelaan logis). 
 Trinity is a fundamental doctrine in the Christian faith. Though the word “trinity” never appears in the Bible, its truth is displayed throughout the entire writing of the Scripture. However, it does not mean that all people accept this truth. In the Indonesian context, whose major population is Islam, the idea of one God but three and three but one is very polytheistic. Muslims highly regard the concept of monotheism. Standing on this monotheistic truth, to them, the idea of Trinity is not just simply weird but must also be vigorously rejected. Observing the above two facts, the author sees the need for apologetic defense from those accusations. This article exerts to describes allegations concerning the theological and logical problems of the Trinity as well as providing adequate apologetic defense. This article aims to present an objective apologetic defense in the belief that the doctrine of Trinity is monotheistic (theological defense), and even though far surpassing the limited human reasoning, Trinity is not irrational (logical defense).