Rosinformagrotekh

This article demonstrates the importance of developing and updating standards for fish products, including invertebrates, in ensuring food safety and quality. The characteristics of the processed raw materials are analyzed, and current requirements for the quality and safety of frozen squid are defined. The updated interstate standard GOST 20414 "Frozen Squid and Cuttlefish. Specifications" will be used as an evidence base for compliance with the mandatory requirements of the technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The article examines the experience of the European Union countries in modernizing agriculture. Possible prospects for applying similar measures of government support for the effective modernization of Russian agriculture are proposed. Key support mechanisms have been identified: the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) with 70% of funds allocated to direct payments to farmers, 25% to rural development, and 5% to market measures; compensation of up to 60-75% of modernization costs; preferential lending from the European Investment Bank; tax benefits (e.g., 7% VAT in Germany); «green» transition programs (carbon farming, renewable energy). A set of measures is proposed for Russia: introducing a two-tier support system based on the CAP model with "green" subsidies, creating a fund to compensate 40-60% of machinery purchase costs, developing digital knowledge platforms, preferential lending and tax deductions for those adopting resource-saving technologies, supporting cooperation and machinery stations. A systemic transfer of European experience with a focus on sustainability, knowledge, and economic incentives can qualitatively transform the Russian agricultural sector.

The key problems of the Russian electric power industry, their consequences, and ways to solve them in the medium- and long-term periods are analyzed. It is shown that these problems have mainly been caused by the liberal “reform” of the electric power industry, by the disintegration of control system for managing interconnected processes consisting of electricity generation, transmission, distribution and consumption, as well as by shifting main targets from the social orientation of the fuel-and-energy sector (FES) and from securing accessible, reliable, high-quality, and economically efficient consumer power supply to achieving investment attractiveness, competitiveness, and gaining profits. It should be noted that the problems and objective difficulties can only be overcome through applying an integrated systems approach to improving and developing the technological, structural, organizational, and regulatory framework of the FES, as well as to securing technological and state sovereignty. The main principles of this systems approach are listed. A number of top priority measures have been proposed to achieve more efficient development and performance of the Russian electric power industry, including renewable, distributed, and space energy systems, as well as regulatory documents on the stimulation of reliable and high-quality power supply to consumers and the manufacture and application of innovative and energy-saving equipment and technologies. Special attention is paid to the need for enhancing the state in managing Russian Unified Energy System and the FES as a whole, which in the former Soviet Union were the most reliable and efficient in the world. They should have just the same qualities in the new Russia, which consist in the new capabilities of technology and in taking into account the best Russian domestic and international practices. It should be noted that the development of public-and-private partnership for innovative development based on the digital transformation of the industry and the revival of the competitive domestic electrical and instrument construction industry, as well as for creating new jobs and attracting talented young people to the electric power industry, are of greatest importance under the new conditions.

Abstract—The paper presents an analysis of operating conditions, main defects and restoration technologies for internal combustion engine (ICE) crankshafts including various types of surfacing and spraying such as electric arc, gas flame, detonation, and plasma which is subdivided in turn into induction and plasma-arc processes. It is noted that reliability metrics are better met by technologies for restoring parts with hardness ratios (НRСr/НRСn) and the fatigue strength limit (G–1r/G–1n) numerically greater than one compared to new parts. At the same time, none of the restoration technologies fully satisfies this indicator because the wear resistance of new crankshafts in most cases is higher than that of restored parts. The use of antifriction, wear-resistant and solid lubricant coatings applied by various methods, including finishing antifriction non-abrasive treatment (FANT), increases the resistance to wear, corrosion, and fatigue and improves running-in of rubbing machine parts.

The article analyzes current trends and modern approaches to regulatory and methodological support and regulation of testing of agricultural machinery and equipment in the Russian Federation. A general description of the national standardization system for testing and conformity assessment of agricultural machinery is provided. The main areas of development of regulatory and methodological support for testing of agricultural machinery in the Russian Federation are identified and summarized. The requirements for updating regulatory documents related to the development of technologies and market requirements are considered. The best practices in applying new testing methods and tools are summarized. The problems are identified and ways to improve the efficiency of processes and the reliability of results in the field of testing and conformity assessment of agricultural machinery are proposed. The need for compliance of national documents in the field of standardization of testing and conformity assessment with current international requirements is substantiated.

Rosa damascena Mill., commonly known as the King Flower, is a fragrant and important species of the Rosaceae family. It is widely used in the perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. The scent and color of the flowers are significant characteristics of this ornamental plant. This study aimed to investigate the relative expression of MYB1, CCD1, FLS, PAL, CER1, GT1, ANS and PAR genes under two growth stages (S1 and S2) in two morphs. The CCD1 gene pathway is highly correlated with the biosynthesis of volatile compounds. The results showed that the overexpression of MYB1, one of the important transcription factors in the production of fragrance and color, in the Hot pink morph of sample S2 increased the expression of PAR, PAL, FLS, RhGT1, CCD1, ANS, CER1, and GGPPS. The methyl jasmonate (MeJA) stimulant had a positive and cumulative effect on gene expression in most genes, such as FLS in ACC.26 of the S2 sample, RhGT1, MYB1, CCD1, PAR, ANS, CER1, and PAL in ACC.1. To further study, a comprehensive analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the principal volatile compounds and colors. Our data suggest that the rose with pink flowers had a higher accumulation content of flavonoids and anthocyanin. To separate essential oil compounds, GC/MS analysis identified 26 compounds in four samples. The highest amount of geraniol, one of the main components of damask rose, was found in the Hot pink flower, 23.54%, under the influence of the MeJA hormone.

The article is devoted to the analysis of mechanization tools for mineral fertilizer application systems of enterprises of various forms of ownership, which can be used for implementation into the production process. This will allow us to further develop a machine design that would be able to fully meet the initial agrotechnical requirements for working in conditions of limited land use. We conducted a patent search using publicly available tools.

The market of tractors in Russia has changed greatly in recent years. A number of new suppliers have appeared on the market, abandoned brands are replaced for Russian analogues and machines from friendly countries. It is hard to evaluate all the quantitative and qualitative diversity of tractors provided to agricultural producers through the system of machine tests, especially considering that every manufacturer has a large number of standard size ranges of power equipment. Nevertheless, the customer should have access to information about the basic consumer properties and the degree of effectiveness of a particular machine unit. The article provides a computational method for evaluating one of the most important functional indicators of tractors, namely, the level of impact of its wheels on the soil, using limited initial information: technical characteristics and operational documentation of the manufacturer. The algorithm given in the text was approved during testing real tractor samples. Insignificant differences in the assessment of the maximum pressure on the soil, obtained as a result of measurements and calculations (the difference is 1.9-3.3 %) indicate a high degree of reliability of the developed methodology, as well as the possibility of its application in engineering practice to evaluate the functional indicators of tractors, including taking into account changes in their size and mass parameters when equipped with ballast weights, agricultural machines, implements, dual tires, etc. To make calculations, it is enough to know the weight of the tractor, the weight of ballast loads (mounted implements), the size of the installed tires, their static radius and the amount of tire inflation pressure. The methodology will significantly improve the quality of the predictive assessment of the level of impact on the soil of both mass-produced and designed tractor equipment.

The economic development of the agribusiness in current conditions largely depends on the implementation and practical use of scientific and technological achievements, such as new varieties of agricultural crops, high-performance machines and equipment for performing processes in crop production, animal husbandry, processing of agricultural products, robots, and information and digital technologies. Regions play a special role in this taking into account the specifics of the territories. Ensuring continuous innovative development of the agricultural sector of the economy is envisaged in the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017-2025. One of the real means of increasing the efficiency of agricultural production is the information and consulting support of the industry, which makes it possible to bring scientific and technological achievements to all participants in integrated scientific and technical projects for the development of seed breeding and production of major agricultural crops, as well as agricultural machinery. The innovative potential of the regions is entirely related to human resources and their knowledge. Regions are actively introducing elements of precision farming and smart animal husbandry into agricultural production. This is facilitated by the state agricultural policy focused on the development of innovative processes in the industry.