Stavanger Museum

I løpet av 1960-tallet skjedde det store moderniseringer i sardinsektoren, som var en del av den norske hermetikkindustrien. I årene etter andre verdenskrig ble det satt i gang omlegginger og forskningsprosjekter som endret industrien. Hermetikkindustriens Teknologforening ble en møteplass for teknisk personell, Hermetikk-og konservindustriens fagskole utdannet fabrikkpersonell, og maskinavdelingen på Hermetikklaboratoriet utviklet maskiner og laget effektiviseringsplaner for sardinfabrikkene. Hermetikklaboratoriet forsket seg frem til en god måte å fryse industriens viktigste råstoff, brisling og småsild, på uten tap av kvalitet. Senere bisto maskinavdelingen i arbeidet med å utruste fryseskip som kunne hente og fryse fisk direkte på fiskefeltet.

Abstract This paper synthesises returned-to terms, concepts and themes used throughout the book. Building on how the authors of the book have utilized central terms and concepts, we discuss six of the dominant terms (resilience, vulnerability, disasters, hazards, sustainability, and hunter-gatherers/small-scale societies). Through this, a need for continued inter-disciplinary conversations and acknowledgement of these terms’ origins and research histories are emphasised. The multiple stories that this book has given voice to are also addressed, rooted in the various sources and methods used in the case studies that span a wide geographical scene (from Scandinavia to Japan), and offer a truly deep-time perspective (ranging from recent disasters to challenges with climate change in the Epi-Palaeolithic). The chapter closes with some future aspirations and lessons for working with human-environment interactions on different scales and more general implications for the possible role of small-scale decision-making for living well with environmental and climate change.

This article was first published in "Vol. 88 (2024)" of Norsk Arkeologisk Årbok in 2024. In 2025 it was re-published in the second issue of Viking Special Volumes. In this article, we will examine the socio-economic and military landscape of the Early Iron Age (AD 1–600) in the historical county of Vingulmark, which consisted of the area from Eiker in the west to Bohuslän in the east. Our starting point is hillforts, which are usually interpreted as places of refuge for people in rural areas in times of unrest. In Norway, around 450 hillforts are known, mainly dated to the period AD 200–550. Vingulmark contains 109 of them, thus almost a quarter of the known hillforts. We discuss why there are so many hillforts in Vingulsmark, and the relation between hillforts and central farms / places in Vingulmark. Are the hillforts the result of community solutions in farming communities or was the construction of the hillforts controlled by elites from one or more centres, under threats of coercion? We will assess the hillforts in relation to socio-economic relations, settlement expansion, central farms and central places in a landscape perspective with the application of anarchist theories and collective action theory. Keywords: hillforts, conflict, socio-economic and military organization, communities, leadership

The European Union (EU) is committed to transitioning toward a circular economy model, with food waste being one of the areas to be targeted. To close the loop of food waste generated during food processing and discarded at the retail or consumption phases, research and innovation parties proposed to valorize agro-food by-products to produce novel foods and food improvement agents (food additives, food enzymes, and food flavorings). In the EU, the authorization of such novel foods and food improvement agents is governed by different regulatory frameworks. A centralized safety assessment by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the prerequisite for their authorization through the so-called Union Lists. Up to December 2023, EFSA published 45 scientific opinions on the safety of novel foods, food enzymes, and food additives derived from by-products of plant and animal origin. The current study illustrates examples of these by-products for the production of novel foods or food improvement agents and the data requirements behind their respective safety assessments conducted by EFSA. In this review, applications on novel foods, food enzymes, and food additives received by EFSA were screened and analyzed to find the common scientific requirements and differences in terms of the safety evaluation of such products. Various by-products (i.e., corncobs, coffee husks, spent grains of barley and rice, grape pomace, pumpkin peels, bovine whey, eggshells, shrimp heads, and animal organs or tissues) were described in the applications as being processed (extraction, physical treatments, and chemical and enzymatic reactions) to obtain novel foods and food improvement agents. The heterogeneity and complexity of these products emphasize the challenge of their safety assessment, depending on the characteristics of each product. However, as this study shows, the scientific requirements underpinning their safety do not differ substantially in the different regulated product areas considered, with similar information needed to assess their safety in terms of identity, production process, compositional characterization, proposed/intended uses and exposure assessment, toxicological information, and allergenicity data. Additional nutritional information and data on the history of use are required in the case of novel foods.

ABSTRACT Major changes in lithic technologies are often explained by either migration or crisis. Here we argue that continuity and minor adjustments in lithic production can tell equally dramatic tales of altered social situations. We base our interpretations on identified lithic blade production concepts and raw materials at 30 sites dating 7500–5000BC, i.e. from before and after the massive Storegga tsunami hit the coast of western South-Norway around 6150BC. Regional continuation, but also local variations in lithic production are interpreted inspired by a machine-oriented ontological framework. The tsunami disrupts the environment, society and its lithic traditions are affected. Although no immediate major breaks are observed, sometime after the tsunami, societies or lithic production as ‘machines’ in separate regions had begun to hum to different tunes. We suggest that variation in tsunami impact had created differing local social contexts which in turn pushed the lithic traditions down diverging paths.

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 Dyrekrigarar, kjønnsroller og ontologisk status i jernaldersamfunnet