The Gate

Journal Article Account of profits—the link between profits earned and the breach of the fiduciary duty Get access Toby Graham, Toby Graham Partner and Head of Contentious Trusts and Estates, Farrer & Co, 66 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LH, UK Email: tbg@farrer.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David Russell David Russell Outer Temple Chambers, The Gate, DIFC, Dubai UAE and 222 Strand, London, UK. Email: David.RussellQC@outertemple.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Trusts & Trustees, Volume 30, Issue 3, April 2024, Pages 111–117, https://doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttae008 Published: 02 April 2024

Background: The use of artificial sweeteners in excess these days to lose weight and to remain fit without knowing its effects on our health, gave me a thought to conduct this study to see whether they are safe or not for liver health. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to see the effects of Aspartame and Sucralose (Artificial sweeteners) on rat hepatocytes and also to compare their effects to choose relatively safe artificial sweetener for routine use. Method: 50 adult Wistar albino rats were used in this study. Animals were divided into five groups by random lottery method. Control group I animals were given distilled water by oral gavage. The group II and III animals were given 40mg and 1000mg/kg body weight of Aspartame respectively. Whereas animals of group IV and V were given 5mg and 1000mg/kg body weight of Sucralose respectively. Doses to experimental animals were given by oral gavage once daily for a total duration of eight weeks. At the end of the experiment rats were sacrificed, livers were dissected out and after specimen preservation the tissue was passed through stages of slide preparation and later H and E staining was performed. Results: Light microscopic examination of liver slides revealed that largest sizes of hepatocytes were observed in high dose groups of Aspartame and Sucralose. Conclusion: The increase in the size of hepatocytes was observed in high dose groups of Aspartame and Sucralose whereas changes seen in low dose groups were not significant. Keywords: Artificial sweeteners, Histology of rat liver, Size of hepatocytes.

The editors of Snell rightly include Crown servants, alongside trustees, in the lists of settled special categories of fiduciary relationship.1 We have suggested that such public servants have increasingly neglected to pay sufficient attention to their fiduciary responsibilities, at a time of challenge which calls for the fiduciary principle to receive greater, not lesser, importance.2 Snell asserts that their fiduciary responsibilities are proscriptive in nature—negative or prohibitory duties—rather than prescriptive duties—positive or mandatory duties. This is questioned by The Hon. Dyson Heydon AC QC in his masterful article “Modern fiduciary liability: the sick man of equity?” He points out that in Pitt v Holt the Supreme Court considered that trustees were subject to a positive duty of taking account of relevant considerations. Snell asserts that their fiduciary responsibilities are proscriptive in nature—negative or prohibitory duties—rather than prescriptive duties—positive or mandatory duties.3 This is questioned by...

Abstract The aims of this paper are twofold. First, we aim to expand understanding of work–family experiences beyond the prevalent emphasis on traditional couple‐headed families within organization and management literatures by focusing on the experiences of employed single mothers. Second, we aim to gain insight into how work and family meanings may be negotiated in the context of heightened conflicting ideals and demands. Drawing on rich qualitative data from in‐depth interviews and diaries, our findings make three important contributions to the existing work–family literature. First, we show that conflicting work and family ideals are not only exacerbated for single mothers, but viable narrative strategies with which to negotiate this conflict are also restricted. Second, we highlight how narratives constructed around the meaning of work are key to single mothers’ negotiation of conflicting work and family ideals and identify three work narratives drawn upon by single mothers focused on providing, performing and protecting. Finally, we demonstrate how shifts between single mothers’ work narratives are particularly influenced by progression opportunities and a supportive work environment. We conclude by making suggestions for future work–family research.

Abstract This paper examines the effects of disclosing greenhouse gas (GHG) information mandatorily on the cost of equity capital (COC) using a longitudinal unbalanced panel database of the United Kingdom's FTSE 350 firms for the period 2011–2016. We use a nonlinear panel quantile regression (PQR) model to examine the relationship between GHG disclosure (GHGD) and COC in the United Kingdom. This technique was supplemented by conducting a two‐step generalised method of moment (GMM) estimation to address any concerns related to the potential existence of endogeneity problems. Our findings suggest that high‐level GHGD appeared to be negatively associated with COC up to a certain level, which is known as the turning point; then, any increase in GHGD is likely to increase the COC. This means that the nonlinear association between GHGD and COC is evidenced in our study and takes a U shape. Likewise, our findings are associative of a moderating effect of the 2013 carbon disclosure regulation (CDR) on the GHGD–COC nexus. We argue that mandatory GHGD and GHG risk are linked so that those companies that are associated with higher GHG risk have a tendency to be better disclosers. Consequently, we urge regulators to design GHGD regulations in a way that mirrors corporate environmental risk and leads to a lower COC in order to align the interests of corporations with those of the society at large.

This document provides an overview of how water resource software’s (WRS) are used to manage water resources issues, criteria for WRS selection, and a high level review of WRS currently available that central and state governments of India can use for water management. The water resource issues covered include water allocation and planning, flood management, groundwater management, conjunctive use, water quality, and sediment transport.

Abstract In recent years, there have been major developments in, and deployment of, diverse mobile technology. Security issues in mobile computing are now presenting significant challenges. Heterogeneous networks are the convergence of wired and wireless networks, other diverse end user devices and other communication technologies which provide very high speed connections. Major security challenges in 4G heterogeneous networks are inherent in current internet security threats and IP security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose a management system which is responsible for enforcing security policies and ensuring that security policies continued to be followed. The objective of this security management system is to prevent the mobile equipment from being abused or used as a malicious attack tool. The proposed security management system is consistent with the security specifications defined by ITU-T recommendation M.3400 TMN management functions. Finally, this paper will present a policy-based architecture for the security management system of 4G heterogeneous networks focusing on detection and prevention of malicious attacks.Keywords4G Networks4G SecurityHeterogeneous networksHeterogeneous securityMobile securitySecurity management system

O principal objetivo desta dissertação é enquadrar o atendimento rodoviário dos terminais de contêineres em um nível de serviço aceitável e ajudar a quebrar o paradigma de ineficiência que acompanha estas instituições. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre Teoria das Filas e sua aplicação no processo de entrada das carretas em um Terminal de Contêineres. Assim, será possível calcular o desempenho deste sistema para a demanda e serviço atual, e projetar seu desempenho para o estado futuro. Primeiramente serão definidas as características da fila atual, taxa de atendimento, taxa de chegada, quantidade de postos de atendimento e nível de serviço. Após esta etapa, será possível definir o número de postos de atendimento necessários para o nível de serviço desejado, baseando se nas previsões existentes de aumento de demanda e melhoria da taxa de atendimento.