The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Introduction. Vitamins occupy a very important place in the human body – they participate in maintaining certain functions. They are vital substances, so their sufficient intake into the body is very important. Research conducted in various regions of our country has revealed various types of vitamin deficiencies in children. An effective method to prevent vitamin deficiency is to take appropriate medications and dietary supplements. An important role when choosing drugs and dietary supplements with vitamin action for children is played by the information and consulting service provided by pharmaceutical workers to indirect consumers. Objective: to study the process of providing information and consulting services in a pharmacy using the example of vitamins for children. Material and methods. The research methodology consisted of the following stages: 1) forming a database of vitamins (medicines and dietary supplements) registered on the Russian market intended for children and conducting an analysis of the assortment; 2) identifying consumer preferences by conducting a survey of visitors to pharmacy organizations and pharmaceutical workers; 3) distribution of types of information according to “severity” and “importance”. Results. According to the survey, the most important indicators during the provision of information and consulting services, according to consumers, are possible side effects (73.2%) and application features (59.8%), 4.1% of respondents do not need additional information. In terms of “severity” and “importance” for consumers, possible side effects play the greatest role. Employees of pharmacy organizations also put possible side effects in first place in terms of the “severity” indicator, and in terms of the “importance” indicator, unlike consumers, they put the features of use in first place. Conclusion. The conducted research helped to identify the main problems in information and consulting services for indirect consumers

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the regulatory framework for ensuring technical re-equipment of the agro-industrial complex. The need to ensure technical and technological sovereignty of the agricultural sector of Russia is substantiated. The results of the analysis and systematization of the doctrinal and legislative bases for the implementation of programs for technical re-equipment of the agro-industrial complex are presented. The conditions and challenges for the effective development of the agro-industrial sector are identified.

Introduction. In Russia, 2023 has been declared the Year of the Educator and Mentor, emphasizing the need for systematic measures in the field of personnel development for the research and development sector, primarily through postgraduate education. The necessity to ensure the stability of the research and development sector arises due to new objectives of the government policy on scientific and technological development, including training personnel in priority fields and enhancing science management. Over the past decade, scientific periodicals have extensively discussed ways to improve the effectiveness of postgraduate studies, given the decline in researcher numbers and dissertation defense rates, stricter requirements for dissertation councils, and their evolving operational forms. This article attempts to explore the role of mentorship in science within the context of the scientific and technological development objectives set by the country's leadership. The study highlights trends in scientific mentorship development and defines its functions based on survey data from research advisors working in Russian universities and research organizations. The study identifies contradictions that need to be addressed and proposes ways to improve the work and status of research advisors. Methods. The empirical foundation of this study is based on a sociological survey of postgraduate students and applicants' research advisors with a candidate or doctoral degree — academic, scientific, and administrative and managerial personnel of universities and research organizations (N = 3000). The survey included representatives from all broad scientific fields (natural, technical, humanities, social, medical, agricultural). The survey was conducted in 2023. Results and Discussion. The study results reveal that the main challenges research advisors face when working with applicants for academic degrees are organizational and competence-related, tied to the high level of bureaucratization in scientific personnel training, lack of flexibility, insufficient time allocation, and poor competencies of the participants in this process, especially those responsible for scientific and technological development. The study notes an increase in the complexity of the functional roles of research advisors due to an outdated workload distribution system that hinders full participation in scientific personnel training to meet current demands. Research advisors believe they require specialized training and describe the current state of scientific personnel training as being in crisis, necessitating significant changes. The study identifies several directions for modernizing higher qualification personnel training to address scientific and technological development challenges: aligning postgraduate training with practical experience (transitioning to professional and industrial postgraduate education in experimental mode for certain fields); creating individualized tracks for dissertation preparation (implementing individual programs); conducting internships at enterprises oriented at knowledge-driven economy and academic mobility improvement; appointing consultants from companies alongside research advisors, etc. The study results are discussed in terms of gender, age, job differences, and affiliation to a specific field of science. Conclusion. The study suggests that adopting a hybrid model of scientific mentorship, which combines elements of the traditional model (the research advisor being the sole mentor) and other models (developmental mentorship, multiple mentors, supportive mentorship) prevalent in international practice, could help address certain organizational and competence-related issues. To enhance the benefits of postgraduate studies for the high-tech sector, special attention should be paid to natural and technical sciences, interdisciplinary research, dissertations commissioned by the industry, organizations, or companies, joint supervision models, and strengthening ties between universities, research organizations, and the economy sector itself among others.

According to several observations, up to a third of post-transplant relapses in childhood acute leukemia are associated with the loss of heterozygosity of the major histocompatibility complex (HLA). Furthermore, the inefficacy of the graft-versus-leukemia reaction, as evidenced by the lack of therapeutic effect from the infusion of donor lymphocytes, indicates the need for timely detection of this marker to change the treatment strategy in the post-transplant period. To detect the loss of HLA heterozygosity, the method using the commercial KMR-HLA system and analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS), as well as the method based on the analysis of highly polymorphic STR and VNTR markers located in the HLA loci region on the short arm of chromosome 6, are widely used. The primary objective of our study was to compare the informativeness of these approaches in diagnosing HLA heterozygosity loss in children during the post-transplant period. The obtained data on the frequency of detecting HLA heterozygosity loss were comparable to the literature data and constituted 23 % of cases of post-transplant relapse of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 33 % of cases of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and 23% of cases of acute myeloid leukemia. We also demonstrated that the method based on STR marker analysis has sensitivity comparable to allele-specific PCR and NGS sequencing methods. Meanwhile, preliminary sorting of the blast population increases the sensitivity of STR analysis and can be recommended in routine practice.

Клеточная иммунология

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The dynamics of the publication activities of Russian scientists in the field of medicine and healthcare are analyzed for an almost 30-year period (1993–2019). The thematic spectrum of Russian studies in this area was compared with the corresponding spectrum of world studies based on the data of Web of Science. The comparison was performed using Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient, as well as using additional assessment methods, including the level of international co-authorship.

Patent Landscape Reports (PLR) have long been used in business, science and RD among countries, it is USA and China. However, patents of high technological relevance and/or commercial value may appear in small tech companies, or as a “by-product” of other corporate activities. The research results are of interest to researchers and practitioners involved in the development and implementation of 5G technologies.

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For research, Blue Frost fox puppies were used at the age of 2 months. 2 groups of animals of 30 heads in each group were formed by the analog method. The experimental animal group received subalin courses with the basic diet according to the scheme: 5 days of probiotic in the amount of 10 - 20 * 107 CFU/kg, for two months in courses with 10 days break, only 4 courses.