Université des Sciences, de Technologie et de Médecine

Weight gain among Mauritanian women, particularly Arab-Mauritanian women, remains a major public health concern. This phenomenon is largely explained by its cultural valorization, as it is perceived as a symbol of beauty and social prestige. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of weight gain and to identify the associated risk factors, including overall and abdominal, among women of reproductive age residing in urban areas of Mauritania. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1166 women of childbearing age (15–49 years) residing in Nouakchott, Mauritania. The study combined the use of a questionnaire with precise anthropometrics measurements, and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were used as indicators to assess overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity based on WHO classification and IDF Classification criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess risk factors for overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity. The mean age (± SD) of these women was 31.8 (± 7.3) years. The prevalence rates for overweight and obesity were 31.6% and 39% respectively, while for abdominal obesity, determined by waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR), the prevalence rates were 85.4% and 67.2% respectively. The results reveal a significant association between age and both BMI and abdominal obesity (p < 0.001). In the regression analysis, marital status (married and divorced) (reference: single), low level of education (reference: higher education), as well as the age ranges 19–49 (reference: 15–18), were identified as significant risk factors for overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity based on WC and WHR. The high prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity among women of childbearing age living in Nouakchott, Mauritania is a cause for serious concern. This worrying trend is strongly correlated with age (19–49 years), marital status and low level of education. These findings underscore the urgent need for health policies specifically targeted at these women, aimed at reversing this alarming trend and anticipating the resulting health Complications.

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide researchers in the medical field with information about leaders, collaborations, and trends in the field of polymer-based drug delivery systems (DDS) using bibliometric analysis. Methods: a three-step process were followed: (1) data identification using PubMed. English papers published during the last five years (2018-2022) were included. (2) Data extraction and cleansing. (3) Data analysis based on publication-related metrics and science mapping using VOSviewer. Results: A total of 1532 papers related to polymers in DDS were included. With 476 papers, China was the greatest contributor to this field as a source country. Kannan RM, by working on DDS in ocular and neurodegenerative diseases,was the most influential author in this field. Surprisingly, collaboration among organizations and countries were limited. Regarding key concepts, cancer and antineoplastic drugs have been extensively studied using various types of polymeric systems. Conclusion: By uncovering key concepts related to polymer-based DDS, our results can provide researchers with ideas for investigation and help them position their contributions to the field.

The northern coast of Mauritania presents a strategic opportunity for clean energy investment due to its remarkable potential for green hydrogen production through wind energy. To determine the best location for wind-based green hydrogen production, this paper established a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making framework (MCDM) that combines the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Evidential Reasoning (ER) to assess five coastal sites: Nouakchott, Nouamghar, Tasiast, Boulanoir, and Nouadhibou. Four main criteria (i.e., economic, technical, environmental, and social) and twelve sub-criteria were taken into account in the assessment. To ensure reliability and contextual accuracy, the data used in this study were obtained from geographic databases, peer-reviewed literature, and structured expert questionnaires. The results indicate that site 5 (Nouadhibou) is the most suitable location for green hydrogen generation using wind energy. Sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of the ranking results, validating the reliability of the proposed hybrid framework. The findings of this study provide critical, data-driven decision-support insights for investors and policymakers, guiding the strategic development of sustainable wind-based green hydrogen projects along Mauritania’s coastline.

This study was conducted with a profound sense of urgency and has provided significant results that will complement previous studies carried out in Mauritania-a country with unique socio-economic and healthcare characteristics-to monitor the epidemiological situation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The study aimed to comprehensively and rigorously investigate the epidemiological profile of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains circulating in Mauritanian patients. This descriptive study was carried out on 84 patients at the Cheikh Mohamed Ben Zayed Hospital and the National Institute of Hepato-Virology in Nouakchott. The samples were sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the Illumina NextSeq 2000 type. The data were analyzed by the EPI Info 7 and SPSS 21 software. The average age of the patients was 51 years, and the distribution of cases by age showed that the virus did not select a specific age group. The results indicated that the most frequent variant was Delta (33.33%). The death rate was very high (34.52%) compared to the national death rate, with a peak in the 58-69 years age group. This study provides an overview of the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Mauritania. These findings not only help identify what policies or strategies should be designed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, but also pave the way for a more effective response to similar pandemics in the future.

En partant du constat que les significations du terme « utopie » varient en fonction des différents niveaux de langue (politique, professionnel, commun, etc.) l’auteur s’interroge sur les modalités des « expérimentations utopiques » dans la société. Dans la lignée des analyses de Paul Ricœur et de Robert Nozick, ainsi qu’en s’appuyant sur les conclusions de ses propres recherches consacrées aux représentations utopiques au XVIIIe siècle, l’auteur montre que l’utopie permet à l’individu d’exprimer son idéal de la société basé sur des choix axiologiques personnels, ainsi qu’à fonder l’identité d’un groupe dont les membres disputent à l’idéologie sa prétention à la domination. Enfin, l’utopie sous la forme de fiction constitue un élément important d’un discours théorique portant sur les modèles institutionnels alternatifs et questionnant l’idéologie. L’étude des modes de l’existence sociale de l’utopie permet d’interpréter la façon dont elle se manifeste et perdure dans la société.

Les comédies de Molière et Holberg ont dominé le répertoire de la première institution théâtrale nordique, Den danske Skueplads , fondée en 1722. Holberg, surnommé le « Molière danois » depuis le xviii e siècle, est aussi un grand essayiste. En étudiant ses essais, cet article montre le rôle complexe et important joué par Molière dans la création littéraire holbergienne : moraliste des Lumières, le « Molière danois », toujours en mouvement, admire, critique et moralise son guide, qui est aussi son rival.

Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is responsible for various diseases including cancer It co-evolved with humans, and human migrations shaped the expansion and the diversity of strains around the world. The risk of developing a disease depends on virulence factors, mainly the cytotoxin-associated gene A protein (CagA). The aim of this study was to determine the cagA status in H pylori strains from Mauritanian patients and to search for a relationship with endoscopic and histologic findings. H pylori was searched in gastric biopsies taken during endoscopy in patients with gastro-duodenal symptoms. RT-PCR was used for the diagnosis and resistance to clarithromycin. The cagA status was determined with PCR and the EPIYA-cagA polymorphism with sequencing. At all, 76/78 (97.4%) biopsies were positive. The rate of clarithromycin resistance was 4/76 (5.26%) due to the A2143G mutation, with a mixed population in 2 cases. The cagA gene was present in 23/76 (30.26%) biopsies, and the EPIYA motif was ABC in 21 (91.3%). High bacterial load and inflammation were significantly associated with cagA-positive status (P<.01). Phylogenetic analysis of the glmM and hspA genes highlighted a mixture of African and European genes in strains of H pylori isolated from patients of Moor origin. We report a high prevalence of H pylori infection in Mauritanian patients, a low rate of clarithromycin resistance (5.26%) and high bacterial load and inflammation associated with cagA-positive status. The phylogenetic analysis highlights the mix of different populations leading to the Moor ethnicity.

Vector-borne diseases contribute significantly to the burden of disease in Africa and climate changes is adding new pressures. However, the complex impacts in terms of related hazards, vulnerabilities and exposure are not adequately understood. We used an Ecohealth research methodology to develop community-based interventions against malaria and schistosomiasis in Korhogo and Ka&amp;#233;di, two west African cities. We collected field data during rainy and dry season on each site by cross-sectional surveys: household questionnaire and parasitological surveys, entomological, malacological and geographical survey. In addition, weather and climate data have been generated. In Korhogo, malaria prevalence was 17 % (583/3422) and 8,1% (280/3446) during rainy and dry seasons respectively, while 0,07% (3/4297) and 0,6% (23/3863) during the same seasons in Ka&amp;#233;di. An increment in rainfall of 1 Cm during two month before was on average associated with a 1.0% (95%-CI: 0.4% to 1.6%) increase in malaria incidence in Korhogo. Anopheles larvae were 19,44% (3803/19560) and 0,3% (4/1056) of all larvae collected respectively in Korhogo and Kaedi. Dissolved oxygen (OR &amp;#61;1.20; p&amp;#61;0.029), Conductivity (OR &amp;#61;0.99; p&amp;#61;0.003) and Turbidity (OR &amp;#61; 0.99 ; p&amp;#61;0.007) have strong correlations with presence of Anopheles larvae in water bodies. Urinary schistosomiasis was more prevalent in Ka&amp;#233;di 3,44% (88/2554) than in Korhogo (0,4% (9/2373)) while Intestinal schistosomiasis was mainly observed in Korhogo (4,6% (102/2211)). Three snail species were collected in each site: Bulinus truncatus, and B. forskalii in both, B. senegalensis in Korhogo and Biomphalaria pfeifferi in Ka&amp;#233;di. There is a strong propensity to self-medication by the use of traditional plants. People practiced a care syncretism for malaria while for schistosomiasis, they mainly use local traditional strategies. Results were presented to all stakeholders and community-based interventions were implemented to face the two diseases.