University of Music Lausanne

Bone regeneration remains a significant clinical challenge in conditions such as trauma, osteoporosis, and aging-related bone loss. Recent advances have highlighted the crucial role of extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, in intercellular signaling pathways that support bone homeostasis and repair. Among their bioactive cargoes, exosomal RNAs—particularly messenger RNAs and microRNAs—have emerged as central regulators of osteogenesis by modulating gene expression, cellular differentiation, and communication within the bone microenvironment. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of exosome biology, including their biogenesis, secretion, uptake mechanisms, and RNA cargo characteristics. We critically examine current evidence on how exosomal RNAs influence the molecular mechanisms of bone formation, remodeling, and regeneration under both physiological and pathological conditions such as fractures, diabetes, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging therapeutic potential of engineered exosomes as RNA delivery systems in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. A better understanding of the functional roles and clinical relevance of exosomal RNAs may pave the way for next-generation, RNA-based therapies in skeletal repair and treatment of bone-related diseases. Impact Statement This review highlights the crucial role of exosomal mRNAs and microRNAs in regulating osteogenesis and bone regeneration. By elucidating the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved, it provides new insights into the potential of exosome-based therapies in bone tissue engineering. This work may accelerate the development of innovative RNA-based regenerative strategies, ultimately improving treatment outcomes for bone diseases and injuries.

L’augmentation des problèmes socio-éducatifs a conduit les autorités scolaires du canton de Fribourg (Suisse) à promouvoir une loi qui institue la présence de travailleurs sociaux dans les écoles obligatoires. Cet article décrit leur profil, examine leurs responsabilités, leurs activités et les rapports qu’ils entretiennent avec les acteurs présents dans et hors cadre scolaire. Les données sont analysées à l’aune du modèle de l’identité professionnelle de Donnay et Charlier (2008) et mettent en évidence la diversité des profils, des contextes et des situations dans lesquelles s’insèrent les professionnels. Elles soulignent la nécessité de voir les travailleurs sociaux comme des personnes capables de s’ajuster à la diversité des besoins des uns et des autres.

In this paper, we reflect on the relationships between parents and professionals in early childhood education, as they unfold on a daily basis when parents drop off children in the morning and pick them up in the afternoon. The paper seeks to understand how parents exert agency in such contexts, and how professionals respond to such agency by facilitating or negotiating active contributions from parents during these short encounters. We adopt a situated and interactional perspective on agency in professional practice informed by a multimodal approach to discourse and interaction, presenting an empirical research design consisting of tangible face-to-face encounters between parents and professionals through audiovisual recordings in the context of Switzerland. The paper explores a collection of four case studies extracted from a dataset comprising over a thousand video-recorded encounters between parents and professionals, and identifies various expressions of parental agency as they occur in interactions during the drop-offs and pick-ups. It also describes and elaborates how professionals respond to such expressions and contribute to a joint accomplishment of parental agency at work. The findings show that parents and educators play an active role in how these encounters unfold, in the sorts of actions, frames and participation frameworks collaboratively accomplished during drop-offs and pick-ups and in establishing rapport in interaction. The findings are discussed from the perspective of professional practice in the field of early childhood education, especially ‘transitional encounters’ related to educational practices in early childhood education.

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For the last twenty years, studies of the history of musical analysis have undergone considerable revision. For a long time, analytical theories had monopolized the attention of historians (Ian Bent, for example). Then, the terms of analytic practice have become a new field of research (cf. Nicholas Cook’s contributions). By shifting interest to the conception and use of analytical discourse, musicologists have pursued an interest in intellectual tools and their dissemination. New players appeared: analysts themselves (and not only their ideas), and amateur and professional musicians made use of the increasing emphasis on analysis in the last two centuries. Finally, related research topics emerged: listening skills, genetic criticism, analysis of music performance—ideas all of are presented in this chapter and which are supported by an extensive bibliography. This chapter will present an overview of these recent changes: the development of musical analysis linked to several major changes in the cultural history (the literacy of musicians, the success of hermeneutics, art criticism or philology, the growing autonomy of art); how the analysis changed the way of composing musical works but also the profession of composer; the globalization of analysis beyond national traditions.

Research Summary: We propose that the liability of foreignness (LOF) applies to individuals and not only to firms. To identify such a liability, we study entrepreneurial firms created by natives and immigrants. Firms created by immigrants have a lower rate of survival than those founded by natives. Work experience in the host country and size of the immigrant's national community improves the chances of survival of firms founded by immigrants, in particular, for firms founded by immigrants from institutionally distant countries. In contrast, the impact of firm age on survival is not significantly different for firms created by natives and immigrants. This indicates that learning by individuals before the creation of firms is more important than learning that occurs at the firm level after firms have been created. Managerial Summary: We explore how the characteristics of individuals running firms affect firm performance. We focus on foreignness and study the chances of survival of firms created by immigrants. Firms created by individuals who have longer work experience in the host country and who are integrated in larger national communities are more likely to survive than those created by their counterparts with less experience and smaller communities. The effect is stronger for immigrants from countries with different institutions to those of the host country. This indicates that, when choosing new countries to operate in, it is important to carefully choose the management team and the location within the host country, in particular, if the countries being considered are relatively dissimilar to the firm's home country.