Роль ситуационного, системно-ситуативного, модельного подходов к психологической подготовке сотрудников силовых ведомств к экстремальным ситуациям профессиональной деятельности

The article analyzes the peculiarities of professional training of law enforcement officers. The relevance of the specific functions of the state in the professional training of domestic law enforcement officers is revealed, which is due to the specifics of the activities of officials and other officials of law enforcement agencies, called to ensure the interests of citizens, society and the state. Doctrinal opinions on the professional training of law enforcement officers were analyzed, as well as a number of legislative and sub-legislative legal acts were studied, including the Laws of Ukraine: «On Civil Service», «On the National Police», «On Social and Legal Protection of Servicemen and Their Family Members» , orders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine on the organization of initial professional training of police officers, who are first accepted for police service, on higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, regulating the legal relationship of professional training of law enforcement officers. It is emphasized that an important role in the law enforcement activity of a law enforcement officer is played by his professional competence, personal positive human qualities that influence his formation as a personality. The opinion expressed is that the professional activity of a law enforcement officer is inseparable from his professional competence. A theoretical definition of the concept of «professional competence» is given as a set of acquired and necessary professional knowledge, abilities and practical skills that, depending on the field of professional activity, a law enforcement officer can perform within the limits of the powers determined by the position in accordance with the law and other regulatory legal acts. It is justified that every law enforcement officer should be a highly cultured person, have a high level of legal culture, tolerance, and humanity.It was concluded that the law enforcement function belongs to one of the most important functions of the social legal state and covers the entire complex of internal and external functions of the state enshrined in the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, each of which affects the activity of the state-authorized law enforcement body in accordance with the purpose and tasks of its activity. A necessary condition for the implementation of tasks and the implementation of internal and external functions of the state requires proper provision of law enforcement bodies with material resources, financial and monetary support, a guarantee of social protection, and determination of the powers of the law enforcement body. The implementation of the law enforcement function is inextricably linked with the activities of the law enforcement body, its officials and officials. This function is objectified and developed as an integrated indicator of professional competence, possession of organizational, special and legal knowledge and entrusts the state with the important function of providing professional training and special training of the future highly qualified specialist – a law enforcement officer who has mastered the relevant theoretical knowledge and practical skills, who psychologically ready to act in extreme conditions, be able to and know how to use acquired knowledge in order to ensure the protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms, legal order and state security.

This article discusses the problem of developing a mathematical model and applying dynamic programming methods to improve the effectiveness of the training process for students in the interests of law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation in subordinate higher educational institutions, which, within the framework of this article, are considered as a complex organizational system. Currently, due to the existential challenges presented to our country, it is necessary to solve more multifaceted professional tasks by employees of law enforcement agencies in their practical activities. All this requires advanced professional training for solving professional tasks by law enforcement officers who study at higher educational institutions. The training of law enforcement officers in higher education institutions, like any complex organizational system, depends on the objective and subjective parameters that affect the functioning of this system. To this end, in order to increase the effectiveness of managerial decision-making in the process of training cadets of law enforcement agencies, heads of higher educational institutions responsible for improving the quality of the educational process should introduce information systems into the activity that operate on the basis of a mathematical apparatus describing the model of preparing students to perform professional duties. The development of mathematical models involves the use of the apparatus of the theory of operations research, as well as the theory of Markov random processes, in particular, the description of functioning based on processes with discrete states and continuous time and using game theory in order to achieve the necessary practical results is considered.

The object of the study is tactical and special training as a basic element of professional training of employees of internal affairs bodies. The subject of the study is horror quests as a promising direction of psychophysical training. The purpose of the work is to study horror quests as a promising direction for the introduction and adaptation of tactical, special and psychophysical training of law enforcement officers. The set goal determines the objectives of the study, namely: 1. To reveal the role of psychophysical training in the system of tactical and special training of law enforcement officers, as well as its impact on overall professional fitness; 2. To consider the history, content and essence of horror quests as one of the most popular types of modern leisure; 3. To evaluate the possibility of adapting the concept of horror quests into the process of tactical, special and psychophysical training of police officers, as well as to consider ways of practical implementation of such adaptation.The scientific novelty lies in the justification of the application of the horror quest methodology in the psychophysical training of police officers.

The article examines in detail the importance of standards in the professional training of police officers, in particular, in relation to the use of special means, such as a rubber baton. The author analyzes the current regulatory framework of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine regulating the procedure for service training and identifies its shortcomings in forming the full range of necessary knowledge and skills for the effective use of special means. The absence of clear standards can lead to a heterogeneous level of training of law enforcement officers and increase the risk of misuse of force. The authors propose to introduce specialized standards that clearly regulate the methodology for performing exercises with a rubber baton, which will help unify police officers' skills and increase the effectiveness of their actions in stressful situations. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed standards, an experimental study was planned and conducted. The pilot study included four exercises performed by cadets with different levels of training. During the exercises, the indicators of time, accuracy and correctness of the strokes were recorded. Based on the results obtained, evaluation criteria were developed that take into account the speed of reaction, the number and correctness of the strikes, as well as the overall technical training of the performers. The experimental study included the performance of four exercises by cadets with different levels of training. During the exercises, indicators of time, accuracy and correctness of strikes were recorded. Based on the results obtained, evaluation criteria were developed that take into account the speed of reaction, the number and correctness of the strikes, as well as the overall technical preparedness of the performers. The results of the study show that standardization of rubber baton techniques improves police training, reduces the risk of misuse of force, ensures respect for human rights, and reduces injuries among both law enforcement officers and citizens. The introduction of clear standards will increase the effectiveness of police officers' actions in real-life operational situations, improve their training system, and create a unified methodological framework for personnel training. Thus, the introduction of specialized standards for the use of rubber batons is an important step in improving the professional training of law enforcement officers, which will ensure an increase in public safety, the effectiveness of law enforcement and compliance with modern requirements for the activities of police units.

The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the administrative activities of the police in emergency situations, the specifics of the police's work in crisis situations are investigated, its regulatory and legal regulation, organizational measures and operational functions are analyzed, with an emphasis on evaluating the training of law enforcement officers for effective response in crisis situations. The work examines the main aspects of the organization and coordination of police actions during emergency situations, and also identifies problems that arise in the process of responding to them, including duplication of functions or gaps in the performance of duties. Special attention is paid to the importance of proper preparation of police officers for such situations, which includes regular training, increasing the level of interagency cooperation, implementation of modern technologies for monitoring and responding to emergency situations, as well as development of communication skills, mobility and adaptability. The article emphasizes the importance of improving the legal framework, providing resources and developing training programs that include practical training and training in the use of special equipment. In addition, factors that directly affect the effectiveness of the police, such as the organization of internal interaction and timely response to external challenges, are analyzed. The importance of a comprehensive approach to the training of law enforcement officers is highlighted, which will ensure not only effective response to emergency situations, but also contribute to ensuring public safety and stability in crisis conditions. The article also suggests directions for improving the existing mechanisms of police work in emergency situations, which will increase its efficiency and trust on the part of citizens.

Ways to optimize the professional training of law enforcement officers for service and combat activities

The article presents the results of a scientific study, namely, the analysis of police training in firearms handling in accordance with the guidelines developed in peacetime before the beginning of Russian aggression. The author identifies the aspects that directly contribute to the selection of candidates for service in the national police, taking into account their previous experience and knowledge of firearms handling before starting their studies at higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine with specific training conditions. The author identifies promising areas of work to improve the quality of knowledge in the discipline “Firearms Training”, which directly affects the readiness of a police officer to protect the country and who must have practical skills in the use of modern weapons. The importance of strengthening the country’s defense capabilities and preparing young people to defend the homeland, as well as martial law as a special legal regime in exceptional circumstances when there is a threat of an armed attack on the country, is considered. The issues of promoting patriotic education and the development of special educational institutions for training future police officers were highlighted, and the need to improve the material and technical base, in particular, the importance of developing computer technologies and other modern teaching methods that will maximize the effect of the educational process in the training of law enforcement officers, was emphasized. The article gives an example which, in our opinion, should be further developed and applied in higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the course of firearms training, which will increase the motivation of students and cadets not only to obtain positive marks in the firearms training course, but also to achieve a high level of sports and professional skills. Namely, the regular holding of practical shooting competitions. All of these measures are aimed at strengthening the country’s defense capabilities and raising the level of professional training of police officers, which is important for ensuring national security and protecting Ukraine’s national interests.

The activity of military personnel in modern languages to counteract the armed aggression of ‘the Russian Federation places significant demands on their training during combat operations. High-quality training of future officers in military higher education institutions is an important and effective means and way to form the professional readiness of law enforcement units to perform assigned tasks in combat conditions. It is the qualitative training of each serviceman that requires the search for new methods and technologies for the organization of all forms of physical training in the process of training in each of the specialties. The analysis of scientific sources indicates that crossfit is one of the sports that is effective and important for the development of general physical qualities, maintaining the proper level of functional capabilities of the defender, and is rapidly developing in the world. The article is devoted to the scientific substantiation of the content of multifunctional cross-fit training, as well as the effectiveness of cross-fit means and methods for the development of professionally important strength qualities of servicemen for military professional activity.

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the lack of development of the problem of forming the decision- making ability at the stage of professional training and the need to improve the modern daily practice of future law enforcement officers to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of decisions made against the background of a constant increase in the volume and complexity of incoming information. The purpose of the study was to determine the conceptual basis for the influence of subjective rationality and risk readiness in the decision- making system in the professional activities of police officers. The paper uses the method of comparative and correlation analysis, and statistical analysis of primary data. According to the results of the study, significant correlations were established between rationality and risk factors in decision-making among police officers in groups with different levels of experience and professionalism. The current study focuses on intra-group variations in risk maximisation and the use of rational traits, particularly vigilance, procrastination, avoidance, and over-vigilance in decision-making. These psychological phenomena are explained by studying the main group of law enforcement officers (n=116), divided by the sample according to the criterion of experience in practice (n=59, n=57). A significant difference and psychological difference in the decision-making process component was found between groups with and without practical work experience in law enforcement. This provides an opportunity for further expansion and development in this area, defining the main approach to creating professional skills, forming the ability to make decisions in law enforcement officers without practical experience, and consolidating the basic skills of law enforcement officers with practical experience. The practical significance of the study lies in the prospect of developing psychocorrective programmes and trainings aimed at various employees of law enforcement agencies, depending on the practical experience gained and the area of activity. The research materials can be used in the process of optimising the educational process in professional institutions

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of criminalistic support for the prevention of crimes against the family and minors. The author analyzes the historical prerequisites for the formation of the theory (doctrine) of criminalistic crime prevention, highlights controversial issues in the interpretation of terminology and content of this area of law enforcement. The purpose of the work is to define the concept and system of criminalistic support for the prevention of crimes against the family and minors in order to apply it. The methodological basis of the research is made up of general scientific and specific scientific methods: dialectical, formal logic (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction), historical, systemic, comparative research, hermeneutical, etc. Results: based on the analysis of the positions of individual scientists presented in criminalistic science and the conducted research, the author proposes his own vision of criminalistic support for the prevention of crimes against the family and minors, and also identifies the structural elements of such a system, including tasks, subjects of prevention, objects of preventive impact, as well as criminalistic situations and appropriate means, methods and technologies of criminalistic prevention. The article argues the need to modernize existing techniques for analyzing criminalistically significant information, to increase the professional training of law enforcement officers in this ar ea, to actively use information t echnology and to strengthen interagency cooperation in order to minimize recidivism and ensure effective protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the famil y and minors.

Objective: analysis of forms of civil control over the activities of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine. Research methods: the research was conducted using general scientific methods, such as dialectical analysis and synthesis, abstraction, etc. and special methods by which the author analyzes the forms of civil control over the activities of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine. Results: the article examines the effectiveness of various forms of civil control in the field of law enforcement and compares such activities with the experience of the EU and the US. In particular, the control of US intelligence agencies, which includes the CIA, FBI NSA and others (a total of 15 bodies) is entrusted to parliamentary committees and is carried out in the following areas: consideration of the draft intelligence community budget and control over spending, development of legislation in intelligence activities; overseeing covert operations, approving presidential nominations for director and first deputy director of the CIA, and military intelligence chiefs, preparing reports for the relevant chambers of Congress on specific issues in which intelligence played a significant role. In the Republics of Poland, Romania, Norway, civil control over the activities of intelligence (law enforcement) bodies is also exercised by parliamentary committees with control measures, assessment of their effectiveness, ensuring human and civil rights and freedoms and disclosure within the interests of the state. reports, conclusions and information. Discussion: research of the role of the public in exercising control over law enforcement agencies of Ukraine through the prism of foreign and international experience. The role of public organizations is, of course, important for building the rule of law as a means of dialogue between government agencies and society. However, if civil control is exercised through public authorities, local governments, elected or formed by the majority of our society, the activities of various public associations are formed on other principles and financed from sources that are neither controlled by the state nor under the control of society. Introduction of forms of civil control used in NABU, NAPC, DBR pose a threat of pressure from members of such public councils and public organizations that formed them, on the heads and employees of law enforcement agencies.

The article purpose is to consider possibilities of applying the method of forensic analysis in the detection and investigation of crimes, to identify problematic issues and ways of optimizing the specified activity of law enforcement agencies. Particular attention is paid to the directions and possibilities of using forensic analysis for the detection and investigation of crimes. Positive examples of the use of forensic analysis in investigative practice for the purpose of uncovering and investigating crimes are presented, as well as the shortcomings of this method are outlined. The effectiveness of the considered method and its availability are noted. The necessity of using forensic analysis in combination with other analytical methods is substantiated. Problematic issues of the application of the method of forensic analysis are identified, ways of solving them are proposed. The need for proper methodical support for the use of forensic analysis in the investigation of crimes was noted. Attention is focused on the fact that the use of forensic analysis requires awareness of its possibilities, in particular, a certain level of knowledge and skills in applying this method during an investigation, gaining experience in using its results in practice, as well as relevant literature and methodological recommendations and access to them by all employees of law enforcement agencies engaged in the detection and investigation of crimes. The need for a comprehensive solution to the problem of methodological support for the use of forensic analysis by all interested state bodies with the involvement of the necessary scientific potential for conducting relevant research and preparing practical recommendations in order to ensure the proper conditions for effective detection and investigation of crimes is emphasized. Keywords: criminalistics; forensic analysis; investigation of crimes; methodological support; serial murders; sexual maniacs; investigative leads.

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Context and relevance.</strong> The article is devoted to the analysis of foreign publications from 2020-2025 on the study and provision of information security for humans and society in the context of growing cyber threats, radicalization and disinformation. <strong>Goal.</strong> To identify, based on a comparative analysis of foreign publications, trends in the broadened areas of scientific activity in the field of research on destructive influences in the digital environment. <strong>Hypothesis. </strong>The accumulated body of research should lead to the expansion of generalizations and the justification of comprehensive countermeasures that take into account modern digital trends and their impact on the lives of various groups of people. <strong>Methods and materials.</strong> The tools of a comparative approach to analyzing the results of foreign publications were used as the main research method. <strong>Results. </strong>Based on the study of the content of 67 studies published by scientists from 23 foreign countries, accents have been identified that allow us to navigate foreign approaches to the following issues: hybrid wars and the psychotechnologies used in them; the impact of negative information from the media and the Internet on people's perception, experiences and behavior; information security of employees in the workplace and psychologically sound measures. to increase it; destructive effects on employees of law enforcement agencies and law enforcement agencies; radicalization of youth under the influence of influences from social networks, as well as the influence of the digital environment on deviant and criminal behavior.<strong> Conclusions. </strong>The generalizations made on comparative analysis record the main trends, contradictions and further research prospects related to the problems of studying and countering destructive influences in the digital environment.</p>

The object of the study is such an integral part of the professional service and physical training of employees of internal affairs bodies as fire training. The main purpose of fire training classes is to teach a police officer the skillful use of weapons, the conduct of accurate fire and its lawful use. To do this, it is necessary to "... create an official basic methodology of fire training for law enforcement officers using existing experience in the use of weapons" and highlight the role of the teacher in its implementation. Currently, everyone in various educational organizations uses a methodology based on the professional experience of teachers. The main conclusion can be considered that the educational goals of fire training classes are achieved, including the pedagogical work of teachers in the classroom. These classes should be conducted systematically, consistently and comprehensively. Theoretical classes should be fixed in practical classes. The material part of the weapon should be closely linked to the study of the basics and rules of shooting. The studied topics should be associated with new educational material, work with weapons – with its use, etc. In the classroom, teachers need not only to manage the learning process in the group, but also to implement an individual approach to each listener. Such work of teachers will contribute to the most effective training of employees in the lawful and effective use of weapons.

Violence against children and women in Indonesia is a serious problem that reflects weaknesses in the legal protection system. Various social factors such as poverty, low education, patriarchal culture, gender inequality, and early marriage exacerbate the situation. This phenomenon demands deep reforms in policy and law enforcement to ensure protection and justice for victims. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the legal protection system for children and women in Indonesia, highlighting policy gaps, structural barriers, and the impact on victims. The research uses a normative-empirical method with a descriptive-qualitative approach. Data was collected through a literature review of laws and regulations, as well as analysis of other legal and non-legal documents. The results identified eight main obstacles in law enforcement, including suboptimal implementation of additional punishment, stereotyping, victim blaming, revictimization, and difficulties in presenting evidence at trial. Punishments that are still oriented towards imprisoning perpetrators and the lack of understanding of power relations among legal officers add to the complexity of the problem. In addition, victims often do not report their cases due to lack of legal support and the risk of psychological impact is not considered. Legal reform is needed to create responsive and humane protection. Improve training of law enforcement officers, provide one-stop service centers for victims, expand public awareness campaigns, and increase budget allocations to support more effective policy implementation.