ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПРИКЛАДНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ КРИМИНАЛИСТИЧЕСКОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЯ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЙ ПРОТИВ СЕМЬИ И НЕСОВЕРШЕННОЛЕТНИХ

The article analyzes the peculiarities of professional training of law enforcement officers. The relevance of the specific functions of the state in the professional training of domestic law enforcement officers is revealed, which is due to the specifics of the activities of officials and other officials of law enforcement agencies, called to ensure the interests of citizens, society and the state. Doctrinal opinions on the professional training of law enforcement officers were analyzed, as well as a number of legislative and sub-legislative legal acts were studied, including the Laws of Ukraine: «On Civil Service», «On the National Police», «On Social and Legal Protection of Servicemen and Their Family Members» , orders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine on the organization of initial professional training of police officers, who are first accepted for police service, on higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, regulating the legal relationship of professional training of law enforcement officers. It is emphasized that an important role in the law enforcement activity of a law enforcement officer is played by his professional competence, personal positive human qualities that influence his formation as a personality. The opinion expressed is that the professional activity of a law enforcement officer is inseparable from his professional competence. A theoretical definition of the concept of «professional competence» is given as a set of acquired and necessary professional knowledge, abilities and practical skills that, depending on the field of professional activity, a law enforcement officer can perform within the limits of the powers determined by the position in accordance with the law and other regulatory legal acts. It is justified that every law enforcement officer should be a highly cultured person, have a high level of legal culture, tolerance, and humanity.It was concluded that the law enforcement function belongs to one of the most important functions of the social legal state and covers the entire complex of internal and external functions of the state enshrined in the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, each of which affects the activity of the state-authorized law enforcement body in accordance with the purpose and tasks of its activity. A necessary condition for the implementation of tasks and the implementation of internal and external functions of the state requires proper provision of law enforcement bodies with material resources, financial and monetary support, a guarantee of social protection, and determination of the powers of the law enforcement body. The implementation of the law enforcement function is inextricably linked with the activities of the law enforcement body, its officials and officials. This function is objectified and developed as an integrated indicator of professional competence, possession of organizational, special and legal knowledge and entrusts the state with the important function of providing professional training and special training of the future highly qualified specialist – a law enforcement officer who has mastered the relevant theoretical knowledge and practical skills, who psychologically ready to act in extreme conditions, be able to and know how to use acquired knowledge in order to ensure the protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms, legal order and state security.

The object of the study is tactical and special training as a basic element of professional training of employees of internal affairs bodies. The subject of the study is horror quests as a promising direction of psychophysical training. The purpose of the work is to study horror quests as a promising direction for the introduction and adaptation of tactical, special and psychophysical training of law enforcement officers. The set goal determines the objectives of the study, namely: 1. To reveal the role of psychophysical training in the system of tactical and special training of law enforcement officers, as well as its impact on overall professional fitness; 2. To consider the history, content and essence of horror quests as one of the most popular types of modern leisure; 3. To evaluate the possibility of adapting the concept of horror quests into the process of tactical, special and psychophysical training of police officers, as well as to consider ways of practical implementation of such adaptation.The scientific novelty lies in the justification of the application of the horror quest methodology in the psychophysical training of police officers.

The article examines in detail the importance of standards in the professional training of police officers, in particular, in relation to the use of special means, such as a rubber baton. The author analyzes the current regulatory framework of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine regulating the procedure for service training and identifies its shortcomings in forming the full range of necessary knowledge and skills for the effective use of special means. The absence of clear standards can lead to a heterogeneous level of training of law enforcement officers and increase the risk of misuse of force. The authors propose to introduce specialized standards that clearly regulate the methodology for performing exercises with a rubber baton, which will help unify police officers' skills and increase the effectiveness of their actions in stressful situations. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed standards, an experimental study was planned and conducted. The pilot study included four exercises performed by cadets with different levels of training. During the exercises, the indicators of time, accuracy and correctness of the strokes were recorded. Based on the results obtained, evaluation criteria were developed that take into account the speed of reaction, the number and correctness of the strikes, as well as the overall technical training of the performers. The experimental study included the performance of four exercises by cadets with different levels of training. During the exercises, indicators of time, accuracy and correctness of strikes were recorded. Based on the results obtained, evaluation criteria were developed that take into account the speed of reaction, the number and correctness of the strikes, as well as the overall technical preparedness of the performers. The results of the study show that standardization of rubber baton techniques improves police training, reduces the risk of misuse of force, ensures respect for human rights, and reduces injuries among both law enforcement officers and citizens. The introduction of clear standards will increase the effectiveness of police officers' actions in real-life operational situations, improve their training system, and create a unified methodological framework for personnel training. Thus, the introduction of specialized standards for the use of rubber batons is an important step in improving the professional training of law enforcement officers, which will ensure an increase in public safety, the effectiveness of law enforcement and compliance with modern requirements for the activities of police units.

The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the administrative activities of the police in emergency situations, the specifics of the police's work in crisis situations are investigated, its regulatory and legal regulation, organizational measures and operational functions are analyzed, with an emphasis on evaluating the training of law enforcement officers for effective response in crisis situations. The work examines the main aspects of the organization and coordination of police actions during emergency situations, and also identifies problems that arise in the process of responding to them, including duplication of functions or gaps in the performance of duties. Special attention is paid to the importance of proper preparation of police officers for such situations, which includes regular training, increasing the level of interagency cooperation, implementation of modern technologies for monitoring and responding to emergency situations, as well as development of communication skills, mobility and adaptability. The article emphasizes the importance of improving the legal framework, providing resources and developing training programs that include practical training and training in the use of special equipment. In addition, factors that directly affect the effectiveness of the police, such as the organization of internal interaction and timely response to external challenges, are analyzed. The importance of a comprehensive approach to the training of law enforcement officers is highlighted, which will ensure not only effective response to emergency situations, but also contribute to ensuring public safety and stability in crisis conditions. The article also suggests directions for improving the existing mechanisms of police work in emergency situations, which will increase its efficiency and trust on the part of citizens.

The problem of psychological training of employees of law enforcement agencies remains relevant at the present time. The problem of professional training for extreme situations is of particular importance, as the choice of a methodological approach to the implementation of professional and psychological training of law enforcement officers. The most effective is the system-situational approach in combination with the model approach, which are based on the system approach. The authors consider the role of situational, system-situational, model approaches to the psychological training of law enforcement officers in extreme situations of professional activity. In the course of the theoretical analysis and empirical research, the conclusion is formulated about the significance and effectiveness of the system-situational approach, the use of which contributes to the formation of effective psychodiagnostic procedures. In the course of the study, the features of the psychological and managerial potential of employees of law enforcement agencies were identified. In modern conditions, a systematic approach is developing most intensively, which carries out a gradual study of the subject: from the general to the particular, taking into account the significance of the goal, its achievability. The article considers the system-situational approach as one of the most promising, especially in the aspect of empirical research of crisis and anti-crisis situations of operational and service activities. Within the framework of system-situational analysis, professionally significant activity is studied as a dynamic system.

The article identifies current trends and factors influencing the export of phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers. The authors analyze the volumes and directions of supplies of phosphorus fertilizers from Russia, and identify key trading partners and sales markets. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems and identify areas for the development of exports of phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers from the Russian Federation. The object of the study is phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers of the Russian Federation. The empirical basis of the study was the analytical and statistical data of the Federal Customs Service, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and PhosAgro. The theoretical basis of the study was the works of famous Russian and foreign scientists directly affecting various aspects of phosphorus – containing mineral fertilizers. The methodological basis of the study was a set of general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition. The study also used general scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, generalization method, comparative historical method. The study pays special attention to the economic and geopolitical aspects of the export of phosphorus-containing fertilizers. Regulatory and legal features of the export of phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers are identified. The authors reflect the competitiveness of Russian products in the world market. In conclusion, they formulate conclusions reflecting the current state and prospects for the development of exports of phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers from the Russian Federation, and also offer recommendations for strengthening Russia's position in the international arena. Research years – 2020-2024.

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the practical aspects of ensuring and observing the rights of economic entities during criminal proceedings, in particular, the legal assessment of the activities of the latter. In accordance with the set goal, a complex of general scientific, special scientific and interdisciplinary methods of scientific knowledge was used: dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, synergistic (general scientific methods), formal-legal, comparative-legal, statistical, sociological, methods of legal modeling (special scientific), economic analysis of law, criminological (interdisciplinary). The paper analyzes the problem of balancing the interests of economic and investment entities and the tasks of criminal proceedings, in which a legal assessment of the activities of these entities is provided. The main approaches and means aimed at ensuring the interests of economic entities during criminal proceedings are investigated, taking into account the specifics of their activities. A conclusion has been formulated on the introduction of a special human rights infrastructure, the task of which is to minimize the restrictive impact of criminal procedural measures and means on the functioning of economic and investment entities. It has been determined that the problems of proper coordination of dialogue participants, development and improvement of mechanisms for timely detection and response to facts of excessive and disproportionate influence during criminal proceedings, in which a legal assessment of the activities of economic entities is provided, require a priority solution.

Purpose. The concept of constitutional legal meaning is currently used in the science of constitutional (state) law, but remains not entirely defined. The purpose of this article is to reveal the essence of constitutional legal meaning. Methodology: the methodological basis of this study is general methods (dialectical and metaphysical), general scientific methods (deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis), specific scientific methods (formal legal, etc.). Conclusions. The constitutional legal meaning is the prescribed essence of the norm, reflecting the ideas and principles embedded in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The constitutional legal meaning influences the development of all spheres of public life and serves as a guide for branches of law. Identification of the constitutional legal meaning is the interpretation of a norm, in the result of which it acquires the quality of constitutionality. In legal practice, various methods of interpretation are used: grammatical, historical, systematic, teleological, comparative, axiological. The interpretation expressed in the decisions of the constitutional justice body has generally binding significance. Activities to identify the constitutional legal meaning of norms are aimed at constitutionalizing the Russian legal order. Scientific and practical relevance. This article presents a definition of the concept of constitutional legal meaning and reveals its essence. The ways of identifying the constitutional legal meaning are shown.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the relationship between the reform of public decentralization in Ukraine in the field of social governance and anti-corruption policy, as well as to develop scientifically sound recommendations for improving legislation to prevent corruption in local government. Methodology. In the process of scientific research a set of philosophical and worldview, general scientific and special scientific methods was used. The axiological approach was used to clarify the role and importance of proper legislative regulation of the outlined social relations that arise in decision-making at the municipal level. The method of analysis and synthesis facilitated the analysis of the concept, features, object, parties and conditions of decentralization. Of the special scientific research methods used in the article, systemic and structural-functional, comparative-legal. Scientific novelty. It was emphasized that with the beginning of the reform of decentralization of public power, capable united territorial communities began to be created, capable of independently providing quality public services to the population, providing organizational and legal guarantees for their residents to exercise their constitutional right to social protection. It is stated that many positive transformations that are carried out in our state are leveled, first of all, at the local level due to the large-scale spread of corruption. Given the lack of a special strategic document on anti-corruption, the draft law analyzed the work of parliament on resolving the issue of anti-corruption strategy, in particular, attention was paid to the draft Law «On Principles of State Anti-Corruption Policy for 2020–20242. It has been proven that corruption negatively affects the state’s reputation in the international community, which hinders the attraction of foreign investment and poses a threat to domestic social and economic security. Due to the fact that fraud with budget funds causes obvious damage to the social functions of the state, corruption at the municipal level is often the most harmful, because it makes the most vulnerable segments of the population more vulnerable. It is determined that at the state level the legislative base is updated, concepts and programs of corruption prevention are adopted, own anti-corruption institutional model of organization of public administration is formed. It was stated that corruption continues to play a negative role in public administration, and the means and methods aimed at its prevention remain ineffective. Conclusions. Ways to increase the level of anti-corruption policy in the field of public management of the social sector in the context of decentralization are proposed. It was concluded that local self-government bodies should improve the current anti-corruption legislation by supplementing the list of entities that approve anti-corruption programs. Keywords: anti-corruption policy; social protection; decentralization; local self-government; public administration.

The article analyzes the practices of immersive technologies implementation in the educational process, the relevance of which has increased significantly in recent years due to the COVID-19 pandemic The purpose of the current research is to study the development of the IT media and new technologies of immersion in the educational environment through the example of police training institutions of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia. The research identified best practices in using the capabilities of multipurpose educational and scientific training sites, specialized and computer classrooms, interactive shooting ranges of the I.D. Putilin Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia. The authors conclude that the utilization of immersive technologies in the educational process contributes to the deep immersion of police students in various situations of future professional activity, safe practical skill training, improving the quality of education. The article emphasizes immersive technologies as one of the components of the educational process. The authors applied such general research methods as analysis and synthesis, deduction, and induction. In conclusion, the authors state that the high-quality training of law enforcement officers in the context of the digitalization of society will require a revision of existing training technologies and expansion of the immersive technology practices.

The article presents the results of a scientific study, namely, the analysis of police training in firearms handling in accordance with the guidelines developed in peacetime before the beginning of Russian aggression. The author identifies the aspects that directly contribute to the selection of candidates for service in the national police, taking into account their previous experience and knowledge of firearms handling before starting their studies at higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine with specific training conditions. The author identifies promising areas of work to improve the quality of knowledge in the discipline “Firearms Training”, which directly affects the readiness of a police officer to protect the country and who must have practical skills in the use of modern weapons. The importance of strengthening the country’s defense capabilities and preparing young people to defend the homeland, as well as martial law as a special legal regime in exceptional circumstances when there is a threat of an armed attack on the country, is considered. The issues of promoting patriotic education and the development of special educational institutions for training future police officers were highlighted, and the need to improve the material and technical base, in particular, the importance of developing computer technologies and other modern teaching methods that will maximize the effect of the educational process in the training of law enforcement officers, was emphasized. The article gives an example which, in our opinion, should be further developed and applied in higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the course of firearms training, which will increase the motivation of students and cadets not only to obtain positive marks in the firearms training course, but also to achieve a high level of sports and professional skills. Namely, the regular holding of practical shooting competitions. All of these measures are aimed at strengthening the country’s defense capabilities and raising the level of professional training of police officers, which is important for ensuring national security and protecting Ukraine’s national interests.

The activity of military personnel in modern languages to counteract the armed aggression of ‘the Russian Federation places significant demands on their training during combat operations. High-quality training of future officers in military higher education institutions is an important and effective means and way to form the professional readiness of law enforcement units to perform assigned tasks in combat conditions. It is the qualitative training of each serviceman that requires the search for new methods and technologies for the organization of all forms of physical training in the process of training in each of the specialties. The analysis of scientific sources indicates that crossfit is one of the sports that is effective and important for the development of general physical qualities, maintaining the proper level of functional capabilities of the defender, and is rapidly developing in the world. The article is devoted to the scientific substantiation of the content of multifunctional cross-fit training, as well as the effectiveness of cross-fit means and methods for the development of professionally important strength qualities of servicemen for military professional activity.

The purpose of the article is to determine the methodological principles of research of legal advisory activity, to substantiate the necessity of their use for disclosure of theoretical bases, cognition of essence, content and specific features of professional activity of legal advisor. The methodological basis of the article is a set of philosophical and worldview, general scientific and specific scientific methods, in particular: dialectical, hermeneutic, systemic, formallogical, as well as an operational approach. The scientific novelty consists in improvement of the methodological foundations of legal advisory activities study. The article substantiates the need to use the operational approach in the process of studying the professional activity of a legal advisor, which is explained by its legal nature; the methods of scientific cognition, which form the methodological basis of the complex research of legal advisory activity, are singled out, which as a result will provide an opportunity to formulate substantiated and practically significant conclusions. Conclusions. Carrying out a theoretical and legal study of legal advisory activity provides application of complex and effective methodology which combines approaches, general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition the choice of which is due to the peculiarities of the subject of study. The issue of determining the methodological basis of scientific research is given special attention by the scientist, since its objectivity and reliability depend on a well-chosen methodology, as well as the validity of the conclusions formulated and their scientific value and practical significance

The research is aimed at solving the conceptual problems of legal regulation of the general principles of the imposition of punishment with due consideration of circumstances mitigating punishment. Circumstances mitigating punishment are formalized in Article 62 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which is called “The imposition of punishment in the presence of the mitigating circumstances”, and in point of fact is an institute promoting the positive post-crime behavior. This Article describes the institute of mitigating circumstances in general; it was examined from the perspective of formal logic - the definition of concepts that serve as its constituent elements is provided, the nature and the essence of this institute have been identified. The methodological basis of the research is composed of: philosophical (universal) methods (metaphysical and dialectical); general scientific methods (observation, comparison, description, deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, idealization, analogy, modeling, system approach, structured functional, postulatory and other methods); specific scientific methods (statistical, historical, specific sociological, etc.); private-law (strictly legal) methods (technical and comparative legal). This Article contains the analysis of the institute of mitigation of punishment, its concept and its functions, the classification of circumstances mitigating punishment has been presented. The authors have analyzed the circumstances mitigating punishment, are formalized in the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, their correlation with privileged circumstances.

The purpose of the article is to conduct a culturological reflection of the creative phenomenon of M.M. Sinelnikov in the dimension of the game conception of J. Huizinga. The methodology of research is based on the use of a set of general scientific and specific scientific methods in accordance with the cultural discourse. The historical method is used to illuminate the problems to cover and analyze the constituent components of the investigated problems. The hermeneutic method was used to study and interpret the theoretical provisions of the studied problems. To conceptualize the main points and factors investigated the problems, used the method of generalization. The scientific novelty is to address the little-studied problems of the creative phenomenon of the prominent artistic figure-reformer of the late 19th – early 20th centuries M.M. Sinelnikov and his analytical dimension through the prism of the game conception of J. Huizinga. Conclusions. An appeal to the creative phenomenon of M.M. Sinelnikov through the prism of the playful conception of culture by J. Huizinga made it possible to carry out a more extensive and in-depth analytical dimension of the investigated problems. As a result of the research, the correspondence of M.M. Sinelnikov`s artistic essence to the concept of a Homo Ludens is established. The basic factors of influence of the creative phenomenon of M.M. Sinelnikov on the process of transformation of the socio-cultural space of Ukraine in the late 19th – early 20th centuries are determined. Generalizing, we note that the analytical dimension of the creative phenomenon of M.M. Sinelnikov in the coordinates of the game conception of culture J. Huizinga significantly deepened the idea of the importance of artistic activity and its cultural activities in the formation of socio-cultural space of Ukraine in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. In addition, in our opinion, M.M. Sinelnikov`s unique artistic experience is worthy of a return to cultural circulation in order to integrate it into the realities of contemporary artistic progress.