Социокогнитивное измерение побудительных высказываний в институциональном дискурсе русской и итальянской лингвокультур: общее и этнокультурное

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Very little is known about Domenico De Vivo (1839-1897). He was a disciple of the Italian linguist Giacomo Lignana and worked as a professor of Russian and English language at the Asiatic College in Naples from 1868 to 1870, and then as an Italian language lecturer at the universities of Dorpat and Odessa in the Russian Empire from 1879 until his death in 1897. De Vivo championed his ideas on language teaching and learning in his books Grammatica della lingua russa [Russian Grammar for Italians] (Dorpat, 1882) and Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo dlya izucheniya ital’yanskogo yazyka [A Practical Guide to Learning Italian] (Odessa, 1886; Odessa, 1890), and in his Dizionario Italiano-Russo. Slovar’ ital’yansko-russkiy [Italian-Russian Dictionary] (Odessa 1894). The purpose of this article is to examine De Vivo’s life and works, which represent the first recorded attempt – in De Vivo’s own words – “to promote Russian language learning in Italy and Italian language learning in Russia.”

During the last years of the past century the conceptual sphere “the world of plants” attracted the attention of linguists. In many of their works, they analyse phytometaphor in comparison between two languages. The aim of this article is a comparative analysis of symbolic metaphors (metaphorical symbols) of phytonyms in the Russian and Italian languages. Attention is focused on the image of larch in the Russian and Italian cultures. To analyse this lexeme, many lexicographic sources were used, for example, dictionaries in both languages (Treccani, il Nuovo De Mauro, Efremova, etc.) and the national corpus of the Russian language. Moreover, works about Russian phytonyms (N. A. Mishankina and others), works about phytometaphors in different languages (E. I. Abramova), as well as literary texts in both languages (P. Levi, V. G. Rasputin, A. Manzoni, etc.) were also studied. The research employed componential, definitional and comparative methods. The study of the processes of metaphorization of phytonyms when compared with other languages turns out to be productive, as it allows to see the general and distinctive aspects in different linguistic worldviews. Semantic similarities and differences in the two metaphorical worldviews were revealed. The lexeme larch has common meanings in both languages: an ordinary tree, a plant product (wood), and building material. This lexeme is also used as a symbol of immortality, memory, and longevity. In addition, a detailed analysis of the use of this lexeme in the Russian and Italian languages showed that most of the differences were found in the literary texts. In Russian texts, larch is associated with sound and olfactory signs (it hisses, whispers, makes noise); it also is a permanent character in the prose of former prisoners (it symbolizes the dying image of the forest and reflects the typical colours of the Kolyma). The Siberian dialect has a synonym for the lexeme larch – the noun listven’, and in the dictionaries this word has the same meanings as the word larch. It is interesting how this lexeme is used in Rasputin’s work: here is a royal larch (tsarskiy listven’), a royal, eternal, boundless, powerful tree that no one can cut down and which we see through the eyes of the heroine. The Italian literary texts showed that the lexeme has fantastic characteristics: it is a tree that contributes to the emergence of a new mixed human-tree life (Levi), it is a symbol of stability, inviolability and protection of human life; it actualizes the connection with religion (A. Manzoni) and immortality (G. D’Annunzio).

The Philosophical Attitude of Eugene Hütz, Singer of Gogol Bordello

The article is devoted to the analysis of the usage of the imperative forms of some cognitive and volition verbs as well as basic verbs of the politeness category in the dialogic discourse of Russian and Italian languages. In the oral speech the imperative verbal forms function as structurizing elements that organise the dialogic interaction. The imperative verbal forms mark different actions of speech and non-speech character. A regular usage of the imperative forms out of the phrase propositional content allows the dialogue participant to codify and interpret adequately the propositional part of the sentence. The author carries out a functional-pragmatic analysis of speech acts with imperative verbal forms, the main function of which is to structure the dialogic units and the dialog as a whole comprising their illocutionary force. The study of the material of more than one language has enabled to determine that in pragmaticalization of the imperative forms the total desemantization does not occur and the capability of the imperative forms to serve as pragmatic markers is determined by their lexical meaning, combinatory property and possibility to form the imperative. The choice of one or another pragmatic marker is determined by linguistic, paralinguistic or extralinguistic factors. The function of the imperative verbal forms of some lexical-semantic group is close to that of the performatives.

Though Moscow is a multicultural and multilingual city, Russian language plays a dominant role in its public space. In all public signs and billboards we notice the presence of Russian. This role is mostly determined by language policy, but in commercial advertising English language, anglicisms and loanwords are very common. By the way in the linguistic landscape of Moscow Italian language is more and more evident. It is also very popular as language of instruction and it is very common both in public schools and in private courses. The reason is probably due to the important commercial and culture relations existing between Russian Federation and Italy. Italian language is used in some particular fields: cuisine, fashion, design, music. The meaning of Italian culture, conveyed through language, is often associated to stereotypes and cliché (pasta, pizza, Italian food in general and mafia), but in most cases it reflects positive values, as beauty, elegance and creativity. Most Italian words we found in social and commercial communication are symbols of a positive and healthy way of life, of a prestigious culture and tradition, of a productive world.\nAs noticed in the mapping geo-linguistic work, conducted all over the world by Carla Bagna and Monica Barni and the Linguistic Observatory of the Centre of Excellence at the University of Siena, and presented in some important works about Italian language in public and social communication, “in the global market of languages each idiom is present as a system of language-culture-society and economy and therefore its role can be measured on the base of the cultural forms it produces.” (Bagna, Barni 2007). Though my work is much more limited in corpus and research materials, it is very interesting to notice that it reaches the same conclusions.

The aim of this research is to find out conceptual characteristics of English, German, French, Italian languages world image. The subject of this paper is English collocations with the verbs “to be”, “to have” and “to take” and their equivalents in German, French and Italian languages. The task of this paper is to compare English collocations of the verbs “to be”, “to have” and “to take” and their equivalents in German, French and Italian languages in linguistic–cultural aspect. In Russian language studies such word groups are called “synlexis”. This term was coined by G. I. Klimovskaya, the professor ofTomskStateUniversity. The main method of the research is a comparative study of linguistic units. The conclusions made in the research are essential in the further study of European linguistic world image and can be used in textbooks on Cultural Linguistics. The practical result of the research can be a cross-cultural collocation dictionary of some languages. Such a dictionary is important for linguists, translators and people studying foreign languages. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2013-8-32

The proposed work is devoted to the study of the formation of the vocabulary of the Kyrgyz language. In the course of the study, features of the influence of the Russian and Arabic languages on the vocabulary of the Kyrgyz language were discovered, which enriched the semantic meanings of both the scientific and cultural space and the religious discourse of the Kyrgyz language. Borrowings, which caused the formation of a unique linguocultural space, played a major role in enriching the vocabulary of the Kyrgyz language, where the Russian language played and continues to play an important connecting role between the Kyrgyz language and the languages ​​of other peoples. Meanwhile, the commitment of the Kyrgyz people to the Islamic religion determined the fact that the religious fund of the Kyrgyz language consisted of borrowings from the Arabic language.

linguocultural and historical perspectives. The use of the image-symbol contributes to the Russian nation’s self-identification and unification. The study aims to explain the pivotal role that the word-concept medved’ (English bear) plays in the Russian linguistic consciousness. This word has metaphorically characterised Russia and its people for centuries; thus, to achieve the goal, synchronic and diachronic linguistic data were used. The research employed descriptive and comparative methods as well as contextual, semantic, and narrative analysis. The Anglo-Saxon pejorative emotional and expressive connotations of the word-concept bear, which was metaphorically used to characterize Russia and its people, had formed in the West by the 18th century and were imposed on us. However, the concept was gradually reinterpreted by the Russian intelligentsia and acquired ameliorative connotations that became dominant in the 20th century. In the second half of the 20th and the first quarter of the 21st century, the final mental ‘appropriation’ of the bear image with the axiological ‘plus’ sign occurred in all socially significant discourses of the modern Russian language. The image-symbol "Russia the Bear" which, in conjunction with other sacred symbols capable of being the spiritual bonds between Russian people, is necessary both for the awareness of our mental isolation from Western ethnocultural traditions and for the Russian nation’s self-identification and unification. Its linguocultural significance is indisputable, which is especially important today, in a period of dramatically increased external threats.

Musicology may seem a specific small sector of humanitarian scholarship to the layman, but it hides variety within from highly theoretical subjects such as music theory to the fieldwork with indigenous repertoires and their performance, as found in ethnomusicology. There is a shift in contemporary musicology, its focus moving more towards studies of musical performances and the use of empirical study designs to complement the analysis of musical scores. These interdisciplinary empirical studies cross the border of humanitarian scholarship and apply the methods of the natural sciences, for example spectrogram analysis of singing and the measurement of the temporal structure of recorded music. The cognitive sciences of music (CSM) can be looked at as an umbrella term for branches of musicology that use empirical research methods and draw their research questions from music related individual and group processes. One of the major topics of CSM relates to research in linguistics. Music and language, as well as speech, are closely linked as the human voice is a natural part of vocal music and is considered a quintessential element in musical thinking, vocal and instrumental alike. The music–language–speech relationship intrigues Estonian musicologists as research questions focusing on related topics arise in different fields of musicology, including natural settings and functional songs (musical development, spontaneous singing, runosong, ecclesiastical singing) to the vocal art music performed by professional singers (some chronological examples: Ross & Lehiste 2001; Raju 2015; Lippus & Ross 2017; Jõks 2021; Vurma et al. 2022). The purpose of this referative overview article is to introduce a selection of previous research and discuss the results. The endeavour of the authors is to find an abstract common denominator of selected CSM research projects to establish the most estimable useful knowledge that Estonian CSM has to offer to the international scholarly community, as well as to follow-up research in Estonia. Although we can see the results of that support, and we can see the universal perception and cognitive processes of language and music in Estonian research, there are also several interesting prosodic-musical differences relating to the fact that Estonian belongs to the Uralic language family, more specifically Western Finnish language group. Indo-Germanic (mainly German, Russian, Latin, Italian, and English) language related prosody and singing culture does not necessarily support the natural language usage and therefore represses emotional and spontaneous involvement in singing. It seems that in the process in which Estonian scholars deal with their distinctive mother tongue, indigenous musical repertoires, and idiomatic singing, intuition – more precisely a scholarly intuition –, might play an important role.

Рассматриваются базовые юридические лексемы в русском, английском, немецком, итальянском, китайском языках. Оценивается роль семантических универсалий и уникалий внутренней формы юридических терминов, анализируется вопрос мотивированности смысловых элементов внутри них. Исследуется идентичность семантической основы юридической лексики (в области сигнификата и прагматики) в разных лингвокультурах, а также способность терминов иметь лексический аналог в переводе, устанавливающий между языками «интерсемантическую» связь. The study examines basic legal lexemes in Russian, English, German, Italian, and Chinese languages. The role of semantic universals and unique features of the internal form of legal terms is evaluated, and the question of motivation of semantic elements within them is analyzed. The research investigates the identity of the semantic foundation of legal vocabulary (in the domain of significate and pragmatics) across different linguocultures, as well as the capacity of terms to have lexical analogues in translation that establish "intersemantic" connections between languages.

The article attentions to the structure problem of the abstract concept “death”. The evaluation of phraseological and paroemiological units in Polish and Russian languages occurs on the basis of complex linguo-cognitive and culturological paradigm and detects peculiarities of this universal phenomenon. Comparison results give evidence, that concrete representation of death by Poles and Russians has both common features, which are surely formed under the influence of the Slavic mythology. Affinity in the visualization of the abstract term leads to the death personification. Thereby the woman’s image is the dominant one, as in the mythological awareness the female principle is associated with something bad. It proves that the image along with the notional part of the concept expresses axiological-evaluated values. The image of the woman as a death is reflected in proverbs, riddles, phraseological units of Russian and Polish languages. It is also found out, that the image as a structure part of the concept „death” has distinctive features as well due to religious, social and historical development of the countries. There are differences in verbalization means. In Polish, for example, the nominative density of the concept is higher; proper nouns are used more extensive than in Russian. The comparative analysis of the image in the concept structure „death” related to the Polish and Russian spheres of concepts proves, that in the national plurality of concepts a mental unit DEATH has a cultural value for Slavic linguo-cultures and at the same time it is validated through the last ones. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s4p423

The article presents a lexical and semantic analysis of the toponymy of the Erzya Bagana village in Shentalinsky district of the Samara region. The obtained results are compared with the materials of the author’s research in other villages of the Mordva of Shentalinsky district, in the Erzya settlements of the Samara Volga region, as well as with the data on the Erzya dialects of other territories of the settlement of the Mordva-Erzya. The Shentala ethnoterritorial group of Mordvins includes the Erzya population of the villages of Bagana, Staroe Surkino, Novoe Surkino, Vasilevka, Senkino. The toponymy of the Bagana village and its environs has not yet been subjected to a comprehensive study, at the same time, such work should be intensified, since modern demographic processes contribute to the rapid disappearance of microtoponymy of rural settlements. To carry out a lexical and semantic analysis of the Bagana toponymy in order to identify its characteristic features and, at the same time, common features with the Erzya toponymy of other territories. The research materials were collected in the Bagana village during the 2021 field season with the help of G.M. Kert’s questionnaire developed specifically for the Finno-Ugric languages. When working on the collected material, lexico-semantic and comparative types of analysis were used. As a result of the conducted research, 31 toponymic units and a cluster of geographical vocabulary of the Bagana dialect of the Erzya-Mordovian language were introduced into scientific circulation, the main characteristics of the toponymic space of Bagana were revealed, which allowed for its comparative analysis with other Erzya toponymic spaces. The toponymic space under study reflects both the peculiarities of the Bagana dialect and the features of nomination and semantics of geographical names characteristic of the Shentala Mordva. In general, this toponymic space reveals common features with the toponymy that we find in villages with a significant proportion of the Erzya population in the Samara Volga region at the present stage: most names come from the Erzya and Russian languages, hybrid Erzya-Russian and Russian-Erzya names are also found in the toponymy, the main markers of the Erzya toponymic area are: the dual urban system of Alo pe – Vere pe, the formula of toponyms typical of Mordvins is “definable + appellative”.

The paper presents the results of the complex analysis conducted to describe common and specific linguistic features at the verbal-semantic and thesaurus levels in the structure of the Russian and English photographer’s linguistic personality. The illustrative and practical parts of the study introduce the Russian-speaking and English-speaking discourse of photographers, based on texts posted on the websites of the Russian photo forums “KлубFoto” and “ПентаКлуб” from 2015 to 2018 and the American photo forums “PhotoNet” and “Digital Photography Forum with a smile” from 2015 to 2018 on the following topics: Weddings and Events, Beginner Questions, Medium Format, Large Format, Travel, Macro. In the present study, the typologization of the Russian-speaking and English-speaking professional language personality of a photographer is based on the identification of linguistic signs studied at the verbal-semantic and thesaurus levels of the structure of the linguistic personality. The article studies the volume of text messages is 540,889 word usages in the Russian language and 610,035 word usages in the English language. The research is based on 864 units of the Russian language and 820 units of the English language of photographers, used by people engaged in photo industry: professional photographers, assistants of photographers and amateur photographers.

The present research deals with the analysis of lexical gaps belonging to legal terminology, which emerged in the Russian language due to the processes of digitalization of English-language terminological system of criminal law. Due to insufficient state of knowledge of terminological gaps in institutional discourse, in legal discourse in particular, the problem of developing the mechanisms to overcome terminological lacunarity becomes very significant, setting a task to find the most productive translation methods. Conducting complex linguistic analysis of lacunae in the Russian-language terminological system of criminal law emerged due to the internationalization of law in the conditions of development, enhancement of new information technologies and appearance of new highly-technological kinds of crimes using these technologies, demands employing a series of linguistic methods and approaches, particularly, content-analysis, component and etymological analysis, contrasting analysis aimed at comparing terminological gaps with extra-linguistic phenomena they represent, the research material includes legal online glossaries, reference and analytical materials of USA government agencies and information protection services, translation dictionaries. In the result of the conducted research the authors conclude that terminological gaps belonging to the sphere of criminal law are widely represented in English-language legal discourse. This can be explained by two objective tendencies typical of modern legal discourse, the tendency of internationalization of law and digitalization of English-language legal terminological system. The authors point out that conducting the linguistic analysis of terminological gaps demands applying a complex, multi-aspect, cross-disciplinary approach taking into consideration the data of allied areas of knowledge, particularly, criminal law, cultural studies of English-speaking countries as English-language non-equivalent units denote the concepts typical of English-language legal doctrines.