Сутність і цілі державної підтримки малого та середнього підприємництва в аграрному секторі

The article presents the results of a study of the development and legal support of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine. There were considered the legislation and regulations governing the activities of small and medium enterprises in Ukraine. The basic principles of the system of state support for the development of small business as a factor of economic growth of the state were determined. It was studied the structure of state support of small and medium business development by direct and indirect instruments. It was found that state support for small business development is implemented through programs and projects coordinated by international, national and regional support institutions. The peculiarities of financial and credit provision of small and medium enterprises were established. There were determined the instruments of state support of SME enterprises in the field of lending, including such as introduction of state lending programs, guarantees for loans, compensation of interest rates on loans, etc. It was conducted an analysis of the activities of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine in 2016-2020 and the main factors influencing its development were identified. The structure and quality of the loan portfolio of the banking sector of Ukraine were studied and the process of bank lending to small businesses was assessed. There were reviewed the state programs providing partial interest rate compensation and state loan guarantees, including the state program of lending to small and medium-sized enterprises «Affordable Loans 5-7-9%», which laid the preferential basis for SME lending by Ukrainian banks. The main advantages and disadvantages of this program and prospects for its improvement were identified. Based on the analysis of theoretical aspects and world and domestic practice, there were substantiated the directions of increasing the efficiency of small and medium business in Ukraine in the context of intensifying bank lending and state regulatory, legal and financial support for its development. It was substantiated that stimulating the development of small and medium business in Ukraine within the programs of state support and bank lending are important for overcoming socio-economic disparities.

This paper investigates the current state of small and medium business in Ukraine. The protracted nature of the war in Ukraine significantly destabilizes the activities of the subjects of this sector and leads to the deterioration of its development indicators. In particular, a decrease in quantity of active entities small and medium business, a decrease in the rate of registration of new entities, a shortage of own working capital in most small and medium enterprises will have a negative impact on the national economy. The main obstacles to the recovery and development of business activity during the period of validity of state of war are identified. It is the lack of financial resources; continuation of hostilities; interruptions in electricity, water and heat supply; destruction of logistics; increase in production costs; insufficient quantity of paying customers. The peculiarities of state support of small and medium business in Ukraine during the war are considered. The problems hindering the development of national small and medium business in the conditions of war are identified. It is the absence of a program document on the development of the small and medium business sector; low level of access to finance by small and medium business entities; insufficiently developed state financial support programs for IT startups; inefficiency of industrial parks. Proved, that the prospects of the development of small and medium business largely depend on ensuring the implementation of an effective state policy to stimulate its development. In this context, the priorities of the state policy in the sphere of stimulating the development of small and medium business in the conditions of the war in Ukraine are substantiated. It is the development of the State program for promoting the development of small and medium business in Ukraine, coordination of strategies and programs for the development of small and medium business at the state, regional and local levels; attraction of money from international financial organizations and international donors; creation of conditions for increasing the level of access of small and medium enterprises to finance; expansion of state grant support for IT startups; implementation of mechanisms of tax benefits for entities that resume their activities in the de-occupied territories; expansion and creation of new industrial parks with developed engineering and transport infrastructure, creation of favorable conditions for the development of small and medium business within the industrial park.

Entrepreneurship, embodying the process of funds formation in the form of small independent firms — small and medium enterprises is an integral element of the economic system. These subjects carry out a whole range of important socio-economic functions, which to a large extent can influence the overall level of the region’s wealth. These include the creation of additional jobs, an increase in the level of the competitive environment, the alignment of social disproportions, the introduction and promotion of innovative technologies. These factors directly affect the socio-economic development of both the country as a whole and a particular territory. Accordingly, small and medium enterprises are one of the levers of influence on the welfare of the region and the quality of life in it. The article provides a statistical analysis of the small and medium modern businesses development in the Russian Federation, reflecting the mutual influence of income from activities in the regions on financial activities in the territory and the impact on a broad impact. Also, the paper reflects the results of a conceptual approach to the study of previously presented studies of economists devoted to identifying the dependencies of the small and medium businesses development and the level of welfare of the region. As a result of the study, it was found that at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the main reasons for the development of small and medium enterprises are the formation of a business support infrastructure, represented by a whole range of measures that provide significant support to small and medium businesses. Namely, the implementation of programs for the financing of small and medium enterprises, the provision of information, consulting and educational support measures. Also, the list of ongoing activities includes property and innovative support for small and medium-sized businesses.

The article considers the conceptual foundations of the functioning of institutions for support and promotion of the development of small and medium businesses. The author defines the significance of such institutions, and the value of their product, that is, the services for small and medium entrepreneurship (SME), which allows a better understanding of the main functional and applied role and purpose of these entities. Given the lack of trust from the population of Ukraine for government agencies and organizations, the presence of a number of problems in the SME support system, and especially the inadequate legislative regulation of the status and definition of the functions of the main performers of SME development policy, the article notes that this area needs a qualitative institutional change. The study uses the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, and induction and tests the methodology of Canvas Business Model strategic planning of the activities of SME support entities. Guided by the principle of functionalism, the author conventionally groups the SME support institutions into five main types: business support funds, business centers, business incubators, business innovation centers, and business associations. For each type of SME support institution, the main functional purpose and, accordingly, the main type of operational activity are specified. There are proposals that allow understanding the essence, the functional and applied role and the mission of individual elements of the SME support infrastructure. In practical terms, they can be used in state purpose-oriented programs to promote the development of small and medium businesses in order to qualitatively improve the final product for SME. The author develops a model of the activity for a typical SME support entity, which is applicable, can be adapted to specific conditions and is flexible over time. Strategic planning of the entity’s activities based on the methodology of Canvas Business Model allows defining both the value of the product (services for SME), as well as the general value of the entity’s activities, which is extremely important in the SME support system. It is emphasized that each institution of the SME promotion infrastructure performs an important social function. The key values recommended following for SME support institutions are trust, partnership, and righteousness.

Introduction. The Netherlands is the world's leading economic power. This fact is expressed in gross domestic product, “Doing business” indicators, competitiveness ratings. With a high market economy, the lion's share of which is occupied by small and medium enterprises. Institutions operating within the general monetary mechanism are played one of the most important roles. With this in mind, it should be noted that Standard & Poor's credit rating service has given the Netherlands the highest level on its scale – “AAA”. All this is the reason for studying the support system of small and medium-sized businesses in this country, including financing and refinancing. Methods. The following general and special methods are used to achieve this goal: induction and deduction to draw conclusions about the state of development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Netherlands; logical for consistent generalization of theoretical and practical provisions; methods of statistical analysis for the analysis of basic indicators of small and medium business in the Netherlands; methods of synthesis and systematization in the formation of proposals to increase the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine. Results. The article examines the role of small and medium business in economic development, support for small and medium business in the Netherlands. The main factors influencing the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Netherlands are revealed, as well as the main principles that guide the government's authorized structures in matters of small and medium-sized business support policy. The conditions of banking institutions in the framework of real sector financing and support of the Central Bank are analysed. Discussion. The development of an integrated approach to the support of the real sector according to European models is substantiated. Incentives for the development of the real sector in Ukraine are proposed.

Introduction: In modern conditions, the formation of an inclusive, sustainable, and innovation-oriented economy gives strategic importance to small business. Small entrepreneurship plays the role of a social buffer, ensures economic flexibility, adaptation to crisis conditions, generates new jobs, promotes regional development, and activates local markets. In the context of Ukraine's post-war recovery, this sector can become a catalyst for economic growth, especially in the areas of services, trade, agribusiness, innovation, and creative industries. However, one of the main obstacles to the expansion of small businesses is limited access to financial resources. Banking crediting, which is a traditional and the most widespread source of business financing in most countries, in Ukraine's realities is characterized by high barriers for SMEs: lack of collateral, low financial literacy, income instability, a complicated creditworthiness assessment system, and limited readiness of banks to cooperate with small entities. Method (Methodology): The work uses general scientific and special research methods, namely: analysis and synthesis – to study the essence of credit, trends in crediting in Ukraine, and to justify the peculiarities of banking crediting for small and medium business; systematization and classification – to identify methods and tools of banking crediting for small and medium business; comparison – to conduct a comparative analysis of small and medium business crediting support in foreign countries and in Ukraine; generalization of results – for drawing conclusions. Results: Thus, banking crediting for small businesses in Ukraine remains fragmented, unevenly developed, and insufficiently adapted to the needs of this segment of the economy. Despite the implementation of state programs, including "Affordable Credits 5-7-9%", small businesses still face problems such as excessive regulation, high interest rates, limited credit lines, and difficulties in proving creditworthiness to banks. Foreign experience shows that the decisive role in expanding access for SMEs to banking financing is played by active government participation through development institutions, guarantee funds, interest rate subsidies, digitalization of crediting processes, and partnerships with commercial banks.

The article examines the system of indicators characterizing the effectiveness of the application of forms and instruments of state support for small and medium-sized businesses that has developed at the regional level. A special place in the system of state support is given to financial instruments formed by the subjects of the Russian Federation mainly at the expense of the regional budget. In particular, the experience of implementing regional financial support for small and medium-sized businesses in the Moscow region that has developed in recent years is studied.

This article explores the theoretical and methodological aspects of investment support for the development of cluster formations in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. It is determined that in the context of globalization and increasing competition, adequate investment support is a key factor in improving the farm sector’s competitiveness and ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas. The article examines the current state of development of cluster initiatives in the agricultural sector of Ukraine and identifies the main problems and prospects for their development. The experience of the European Union countries in stimulating cluster formations in farm production and their impact on the diversification of the economy of mono-specialized regions is studied. Based on the analysis of data from the European Cluster Collaboration Platform, the index of maturity of Ukraine’s cluster policy is assessed, and the key factors influencing its development are determined. It is substantiated that the primary sources of financing cluster formations in the agricultural sector include budget financing, bank lending, private investment, financial resources of cluster participants, international technical assistance, and alternative sources, such as crowdfunding and the issuance of securities. It is revealed that the key problem is the lack of a specialized, targeted strategy for the development of cluster policy, which leads to a fragmented approach to the development of cluster formations, as well as insufficient policy coherence and the lack of effective monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. However, financial decentralization and international support through the Ukraine Facility instrument have opened new opportunities for attracting investment in the agricultural sector. It is studied that the use of a project approach to financing and the active involvement of small and medium-sized enterprises in international cooperation and innovation projects can contribute to creating an effective cluster policy. Considering the experience of EU countries and using the available support tools, Ukraine has the potential to stimulate investment and ensure the sustainable development of agricultural clusters. Keywords: agricultural sector, cluster formations, integrated structures, investment support, state support, financing, competitiveness, sustainable development, innovation, Ukraine Facility, financial decentralization, small and medium-sized businesses.

The article deals with the problems of small and medium entrepreneurship (SME) in Germany, its role in the country’s economy. It reveals the mechanism of interaction of government structures, political parties, business alliances and the expert community in formulating and carrying out policies aimed at supporting SME. It shows that real business conditions in Germany differ substantially from what is usually offered to potential investors in advertising brochures. The Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity Index (TEA-Quote) puts Germany far behind its competitors. For several consecutive years the number of liquidated small and medium enterprises has been higher than that of newly created ones. Germany’s new generation prefers to seek jobs in big companies or in the civil service. Germany seems to have lost the Gründer spirit. Entrepreneurs complain about the great number of bureaucratic procedures, the growing shortage of skilled workforce, high electricity prices, and difficulties in accessing bank credits for micro and small enterprises. An underdeveloped market of venture capital has been a drag on innovative startups. A successful cluster policy, which gave a new impulse to the development of several territories, has not offset serious shortcomings in the country’s entrepreneurial climate. While not dramatizing the situation, the author considers as mistaken a common point of view found in Russian publications. This point of view holds that framework conditions for business in Germany constitute a near-ideal model, which leads to success as long as it is copied faithfully. The article analyses public discussion in Germany about the problems of SMEs, complains of small and medium business against the authorities. The key provisions of the government strategy to develop small and medium business adopted in 2019 and a cessionary package to mitigate damage of the coronavirus outbreak on the German economy adopted in 2020 are reviewed. The main conclusion of the author is that the German experience should be treated selectively, taking into account overall internal political, economic and social conditions under which the German policy of supporting SMEs is designed. The strengths of this policy lie in its systemic nature and a commitment to align it with industrial, innovative, social, research, and educational policies.

The subject of the research. The study focuses on the theoretical and practical aspects of the problems facing State support for small and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to identify the main destructive factors in the development of medium and small enterprises and to identify ways to overcome them. The methodological basis of the article is general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, such as dialectical method, analysis, grouping of data, problem-oriented approach. Results of work. The article discusses the special role of medium- and small-scale enterprises in generating GDP, creating jobs and improving the demographic situation. It is noted that a significant proportion of enterprises either operate in the shadow sector or do not take measures to improve profitability. It has been hypothesized that an important reason for this state of affairs is imperfect state support for small and medium-sized enterprises. First of all, there is a heavy tax burden, low wages in the sector, unstable legislation. The worldwide coronavirus pandemic has also been noted as an additional challenge, with most small and medium-sized businesses on the verge of survival through quarantine activities. The field of application of results. The materials, results and conclusions of the article may be used in the activities of various public organizations and local self-government bodies as an analytical basis for appeals about the need for State support for small and medium-sized enterprises, Training of specialists in secondary and higher education. Conclusions. Small and medium-sized businesses are the driving force behind the economy. It provides a large share of GDP, promotes the development of the middle class and has a positive impact on demographic indicators. The opportunity and ability of small and medium-sized enterprises to develop, even under difficult political and economic conditions, proves that it is these entities that support the economy in difficult times. Creating an enabling environment for doing business and developing small and medium-sized enterprises should therefore be a priority for the Government. To this end, support programs must be put in place: infotrmation, financial security and social support. Active and targeted support for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises contributes to the growth of GDP and the creation of new jobs.

Small and Medium scale Enterprises play an important role in the economy of a country. The environment of an organization is significantly undergoing continuous, rapid changes that have far reaching effects on organizations and their management strategies. The significance of the study is especially to business organization in small and medium sector businesses. This research focuses on two aspects: The organizational change option - Structure, Technology, Physical setting and the people in which the innovations in technology as the most powerful change agent that create a big challenge for SMEs and the importance of innovations in technology in small businesses that need more and more innovative techniques in order to expand Small and Medium scale Industry (SMI) sector. Mainly agricultural sector such as paddy production, crop production, livestock, milk and egg production meat production are found in this district and Fishing also is another source of income in the coastal area of Ampara districts. 11,156 commercial places such as retail shops, restaurants, textile and footwear, dispensary and Pharmacy, wood and iron furniture, building material and paints jewelry liquor shops In which 48.69 % were as retail shops. 4507 businesses found in manufacturing industry in which 43% Food, beverage and tobacco, 16.7 % wood production and furniture, 15.9% textile, wearing apparel and leather. Existence and growth in small and medium business sector is the most important thing in order to maintain their survival in the industry. So, this research aims to study the entrepreneurs’ perception towards technology change and the association of between coping with technology change and the business growth in the small and medium business sector among a sample of 180 small and medium sized entrepreneurs in Ampara District of Sri Lanka using a simple random sampling. According to the findings, it is proved that there is a significant strong positive relationship between the perception towards coping with technology change and business growth in small and medium business sector. Accordingly, 53.4% of the variance in business growth in small business sector after coping with technology change programs was significantly explained by coping with change in this study, still leaves 46.6% unexplained. So, further research might be necessary to explain more of the variance in business growth after coping with change. Thus, the findings might be immense value to Small & Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries, such as Sri Lanka, as much research has not been conducted in this regard. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jm.v8i1.7558 Journal of Management 2013 8(1): 51-58

This scientific article examines the role of state support for small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in Kazakhstan, identifies the main problems faced by entrepreneurs, analyzes the prospects for the development of this sector, and offers recommendations for improving the situation. To achieve these goals, data from various sources were used, as well as the results of an analysis of existing programs and measures of state support for SMEs. Theoretical significance: 1. Contribution to the academic field: This scientific article will make an important contribution to the academic field by expanding knowledge about government support for small and medium-sized businesses in the context of Kazakhstan. It will help researchers, students, and the academic community better understand the key issues and aspects of supporting entrepreneurship in this country. 2. Theoretical developments: the analysis of the effectiveness of state support for SMEs in Kazakhstan complements the existing theoretical concepts and models for the development of small and medium-sized businesses. The scientific article helps to expand the theoretical understanding of the role of the state in stimulating entrepreneurial activity. Practical significance: 1. Decision support: The research conducted within the framework of a scientific article will have practical significance for the government and the business community of Kazakhstan. The results and recommendations can be used to improve existing government support programs for SMEs and develop new measures that contribute to the development of the sector. 2. Improving business efficiency: The proposals and conclusions discussed in the article can help entrepreneurs and small businesses in Kazakhstan improve their efficiency, overcome obstacles, and use available resources more effectively. Thus, the scientific article has theoretical and practical significance, contributes to the development of scientific knowledge, and provides valuable recommendations on specific business experience and government policy in the field of entrepreneurship support.

The article examines the peculiarities of investing in the agricultural sector of Ukraine in the context of inclusive development in the postwar period. The authors emphasize that the development of a strategic approach to creating favorable socio-economic conditions for the development of inclusiveness in the agricultural sector and rural regions of Ukraine is a key stage for the country's integration into the global space. Inclusive development, which involves the involvement of various social groups, including young people, in agricultural business, should be based on international experience and current global trends. Important aspects include strengthening land rights and ensuring equal access to land resources to create stable social and economic conditions. The post-war development of the agricultural sector should focus on the sustainable development of Ukraine's rural areas. This includes not only increasing production, but also ensuring the long-term sustainability of the agricultural sector, which is essential for EU integration. According to World Bank estimates, the losses of the agricultural sector during the war reached $40.2 billion, which requires significant investment in restoring and modernizing infrastructure. The economic situation in Ukraine after the war creates difficulties for attracting investment, but important areas include maintaining production continuity, developing processing and innovation in the agricultural sector. One of the key factors is the creation of favorable conditions for financing, in particular through compensation programs and cheaper loans. An important part of the recovery process is the integration of environmental standards to help ensure sustainable development. The Ukraine Facility program, which supports the transition to an inclusive and green economy, has identified strategic investment areas for the restoration of agricultural production, including financial support for farmers and strengthening of value chains in the agricultural sector. An inclusive approach to the development of the agricultural sector in Ukraine will help not only to restore production, but also to ensure social stability, increase employment and economic sustainability of rural areas.

The article is devoted to the study of integration processes, as they are carried out between enterprises of various expansions. A highly efficient economy is optimal for the operation of large, medium and small enterprises. This clause describes the main types of state support of small business to ensure their sustainable development and subsequent operation. Also disclosed in detail the main principles of policy in the sphere of small and medium business in Ukraine. The development of a small business is an indicator of the development of market assets, the assessment of private authority, independence and the capacity of the subjects of government. Small business is a special sector of the economy playing an important social and economic role. The advantages and shortcomings of outsourcing, subcontracting and problems of their promotion in Ukrainian enterprises are examined. It has been established that at the current stage of economic development, small businesses will require direct and indirect approaches. The formation of mutually integrating links between small and great business can not be brought to the advancement of the efficiency of their activities. Analysis of the development of the outsourcing and subcontracting system revealed a low level of their development. The main reason for their low distribution is the lack of necessary information about partnership, the underdevelopment of the market infrastructure, which contributes to the formation and development of integration ties between enterprises of different sizes. For the effective development of small entrepreneurship in the region, where there is a considerable number of both large and small enterprises, it is necessary to create an enterprise – a partnership center. For the formation and development of integration links in enterprises of various sizes, there is a need in the creation of infrastructure facilities. Subjects of small business are in need of informational and illuminating servants. The creation of an infrastructure for the development of a system of outsourcing and subcontracting in Ukraine is a progressive direct development of a small business. The development of subcontracting businesses in Ukraine is the basis for the development of industrial production, with a small number of enterprises to realize their potential in the service department of technological lines of great industrial enterprises.

The promotion of efficient development of productive resources, specific geographic areas, and branches of the economy is the fundamental reference point of the financial and credit policy of the state. In particular, the agricultural sector has certain features of capital formation within the financial system of the state. This is reflected in the requirements and approaches to the development of financial policy by the state and in the corresponding mechanism for its implementation. Being an important tool within this mechanism, lending is aimed at ensuring the economic growth of the agricultural sector. State support facilitated the system of subsidizing loans by providing funds to reduce the cost of loans for farmers in Ukraine, thus encouraging increased productivity in the agricultural sector at the initial stage. However, gradually, this caused a debt agricultural economy that became dependent on the state and started negatively affecting the elimination of structural, intersectoral, and territorial disparities in the agricultural sector. Therefore, the article is relevant, with mentioned issues requiring immediate examination of state credit support to the agricultural sector as well as justification of financial and credit policy of the state with the view of mutually beneficial cooperation between banking institutions and Ukraine’s agricultural sector for stable and efficient development of the latter. The article analyzes the market of bank lending to agricultural enterprises. It also reveals the influence of bank lending on the development of the agricultural sector in Ukraine. The study identifies subjective factors considered as biggest сhallenges for lending to the agricultural sector in Ukraine. The core problems of lending to the agricultural sector in Ukraine are identified in our study, namely: increasing inflation risks; ineffectiveness of economic promotion programs, tightening of the NBU’s monetary policy, underdevelopment of the non-banking financial market, unfavorable conditions in the foreign financial markets. Measures are suggested to solve the problems of lending to the agricultural sector, the essence of which comes down to the development of partnership mechanisms between the state, agricultural enterprises, and banking institutions. А unified regulatory and methodological framework for lending secured by agricultural land should be established. The paper covers European land mortgage lending practices. In Ukraine, they might be adopted by directly raising public funds not only through an authorized state credit institution but also through private credit institutions operating in a market environment.