Цифровая трасформация производсТвенной системы в судосТроении: проблемы и способы их решения

Introduction. This article is devoted to the analysis of the competitiveness of engineering products, namely aircraft products. The paper analyzes the competitiveness of Ukrainian engineering products in the world market. The current state of the aircraft industry in Ukraine and its position in the domestic and foreign markets. The authors identify the main factors hindering the development of the industry. Prospects of development of mechanical engineering in the world are defined. It is investigated that the majority of Ukrainian enterprises of aircraft industry have low competitiveness in foreign markets, which hinders the development of the industry. Proposals to improve the situation of the aircraft industry in Ukraine are given. The recommendations to improve the competitiveness of the products of this industry through reconstruction, modernization, specialization, through reforms and the like are presented. Its prospects of development in the domestic and world markets and possible ways of increasing the competitiveness of products are determined.
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\nPurpose. To reveal the question of the relevance of the competitiveness of the aircraft industry. To focus on the need to take certain steps to overcome the crisis in the engineering industry and improve the functioning of the economy as a whole in the future.
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\nResults. The paper considers the dynamics of sales of aircraft products in Ukraine in General and directly the dynamics of sales of aircraft products. The situation with the state of the aircraft industry during 2002-2018 years is analyzed, that is, the main goal is indicated — the current state of the aircraft industry in Ukraine is reflected.
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\nConclusions. Ukrainian aircraft industry has significant potential for further successful development, but there are a number of significant factors that lead to a decline in the production of domestic aviation products.

Introduction. In the practice of companies based on quality management, there are two main goals of its development. First of all, it is about optimizing the company in order to ensure its viability, in particular the competitiveness of products and services and increase production efficiency. And if such a goal is really in the forefront of the company, especially for the first manager, it is already promising, and such a company has a chance to implement the current quality management system. It should be noted immediately that it cannot provide a quality management system. The quality management system is a kind of structure to which appropriate decisions to improve processes and product quality should be tied. The purpose of the paper is to show the optimization of the company in order to ensure its viability, in particular the competitiveness of products and services and increase production efficiency, to demonstrate to everyone, including potential consumers, that the company can constantly produce products of a certain level of quality. Results. The quality management system contributes to the release of human potential, which guarantees the performance of public service at the highest level. Increasing the motivational potential of the company's staff is carried out in order to create a system of incentives to meet the identified motivational needs of employees. Therefore, one of the options is the process "Staff motivation", recommended by the ISO 9001 MS, which registers the needs for employee motivation and measures the satisfaction of identified needs. Conclusion. Quality management is a system of personnel management, which should be supplemented by the introduction of a number of motivational measures, because the company needs not only to have qualified specialists, but also to motivate them to effectively use their potential.

The article analyzes the main trends in the global market of mechanical engineering, in particular, in the branches of agricultural engineering, mechanical engineering for light industry, construction and road engineering, and energy engineering. It also addresses the structure and development trends of the mechanical engineering market by regions, changes in the business environment of the mechanical engineering industry, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the state and development of the global mechanical engineering market, new rules and requirements for manufacturers of mechanical engineering products, and technological innovations and trends. Mechanical engineering companies today are at the epicenter of technological transformation. The mechanical engineering industry creates individual digital capabilities and intelligently combined products. Innovative processes such as related production, forecast service and innovative service models are increasingly used in mechanical engineering. The use of modern digital technologies in mechanical engineering is becoming a necessity that prevents the risks of losing relevance in the market of modern industry. Although the basic principles of mechanical engineering, such as thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and machine design, still remain in force, the latest technologies are contributing to the rapid development of composites, mechatronics and nanotechnology. These new subject areas, which are the result of modern achievements, have become a prerequisite for the development of new and promising industries, including artificial intelligence and biomechatronics. The growing demand for increased production efficiency while minimizing operating costs has led to demand for new and innovative technologies. Based on the study of the introduction of new technologies in mechanical engineering and global trends in the industry, the author substantiates the feasibility of accepting the need for globalization in mechanical engineering as a new norm, taking into account costs, tax consequences, quality and delivery in planning the existing geographical location, supply chains, strategic partnerships; reduction of the general supply cycle for better adaptation to the changing environment; optimization of existing production facilities, automation and attraction of advanced digital technologies for the establishment of work processes; implementation of advanced technologies in mechanical engineering, such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, nanoengineering, advanced data analytics, automation of robotic processes, blockchain, robotics, cloud computing augmented reality, 3D printing, drones, 5G, etc.; raising the qualification level of mechanical engineering workers.

The objective of the present study is to analyse the trends and prospects for the development of the vegetable market of Ukraine in the context of regionalisation of the economy. In particular, the study will seek to identify the main factors that affect the effectiveness of the functioning of this market at the regional level. Methodology. A comprehensive approach was adopted for the research, incorporating theoretical, quantitative, and qualitative methods of analysis. The main methods applied in the study include the following: document and literature analysis (to assess theoretical approaches to economic regionalisation and its impact on the agrarian sector); SWOT analysis (to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the vegetable market in Ukraine in the context of regionalisation, as well as the opportunities and threats arising from changes in economic and environmental conditions); comparative analysis (to compare the state of the vegetable market in different regions of Ukraine and identify specific features and opportunities for local development); regression analysis (to identify the relationship between key economic factors and the results of vegetable market development); sustainability analysis (to examine the impact of internal and external factors on the stability of the vegetable market); case study method (to formulate recommendations and development strategies tailored to the needs of regional markets). The results of the study indicate that regionalisation promotes increased efficiency in vegetable production through regional specialisation, the development of agrifood clusters, and the optimisation of logistical processes. The analysis demonstrated that pivotal factors encompass adaptation to climate change, the integration of innovative agricultural technologies, and the development of organic vegetable production. Nevertheless, the market is confronted with challenges pertaining to infrastructure, access to financing, and inadequate government support. The prospects for development include the following: improved co-operation between producers, the development of regional export strategies, and enhanced product quality, with a view to accessing international markets. Practical implications. The regionalisation of Ukraine's vegetable market has been demonstrated to contribute to the development of local agrifood clusters, thereby reducing logistics costs and improving production efficiency. The implementation of innovative technologies and adaptation to climate change have been demonstrated to increase yields and ensure supply stability. It is anticipated that there will be an enhancement in the competitiveness of Ukrainian vegetables in both domestic and international markets. This will be driven by improvements in product quality and certification. The provision of state support for farmers, in conjunction with the establishment of favourable conditions for the development of organic vegetable production, is of significant importance. Value / Originality. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the trends and prospects of the vegetable market's development in the context of economic regionalisation, which is crucial for the formulation of effective agricultural policies and regional development strategies. The text emphasises the pivotal role of innovative technologies, climate change adaptation, and the development of local agrifood clusters in enhancing production efficiency and the competitiveness of Ukrainian vegetable products in international markets.

The article analyzes the current situation in the world sugar market, in particular, an analysis of sugar production and consumption, sugar exports and imports, the price situation on world exchanges, both for beet sugar and for cane sugar. It is noted that Ukraine's influence on the world sugar market is not significant, since its share in global production barely exceeds 1%. It is established that the largest sugar producers in the world are Brazil, India, the EU, China and Thailand, whose share in global production reaches 60% every year. In some years, the top five may include other countries, in particular the USA and Pakistan, it is the first five that are decisive from the point of view of the world market. The author notes that the main world producers of cane sugar are Brazil and India, and the largest producers of both sugar beets and, accordingly, beet sugar are the countries of the European Union. China and the USA combine the cultivation of sugar beets and sugar cane and, accordingly, the production of sugar from them. It is argued that the preservation of sugar beet cultivation, despite cheaper cane, is a reflection of global trends in the confrontation between beet and cane sugar production and indicates the strategic importance of sugar beets in maintaining the balance of agricultural production. Among the main exporting countries, Brazil is highlighted, which has been the world leader in sugar exports for several decades in a row and traditionally exports 60-75% of sugar produced. Fluctuations in this indicator depend on the volume of domestic production and the situation on the world market. It is noted that on the world market over the past five years, world prices for white sugar and raw sugar have almost doubled. An increase in world prices for sugar is predicted, which is due to a decrease in the production of raw sugar and sugar in Brazil due to a prolonged drought and an increase in the use of sugar cane for ethanol production in this country. It was concluded that for the further development of the domestic sugar market it is necessary to intensify trade in sweet products, to search for its niche in the world sugar market, having the need for this and potential opportunities. At the state level, it is necessary to determine the place of Ukraine in world sugar production, export opportunities, competitiveness of domestic sugar products in the world market, in order to develop an export-import policy for this strategically important product for the country in the future. Key words: world sugar market, production, consumption, export, import, prices.

Food security is the most important condition for the sustainable functioning and development of society, the basis of national security of the State. Ensuring food security is a complex and multifaceted problem, and functioning of the domestic agro-industrial complex is aimed at the solution of this task. The article defines three levels of food supply for the population. The cumulative specific share of domestic and imported production in food con-sumption is shown. In the structure of food production, the industries that occupy the main share are identified. Production factors that result in reduction of the competitiveness of Kazakhstani products in comparison with imported ones, cooperation mechanisms contributing to the increase in production efficiency are considered.

This community service activity aims to develop Bubbor Paddas, a Sambas culinary specialty, into an instant competitive product in national and international markets. The development process employed the Project-Based Learning (PBL) method, involving students and industry partners in all stages of production, including vegetable drying, seasoning preparation, packaging, and marketing. Food technology innovations, particularly in drying and packaging techniques, were applied to maintain the original flavor and texture of Bubbor Paddas. The results indicated a 30% increase in production efficiency and enhanced product packaging quality, making it more durable and visually appealing. Additionally, digital marketing strategies were implemented, leading to a 40% increase in product orders within three months of launch. This initiative not only improved the quality and competitiveness of local products but also positively impacted community empowerment and the preservation of Sambas culinary heritage. The findings highlight the importance of integrating modern technology and marketing strategies in developing innovative and sustainable traditional culinary products.

PROSPECTS AND EFFICIENCY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE FROM OILSEED CROPS

The article highlights issues related to factors that affect the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) systems in modern machine-building industries. The purpose of the work is to determine the main limitations and possibilities of using CAD in production and to consider the main trends in the development of system solutions for mechanical engineering problems. The theoretical basis of the work is data analysis and analytical study of the current state of proposals for CAD solutions. Electronic modeling systems allow not only to optimize the production process, reduce costs, but also are indispensable requirements for the competitiveness of modern engineering products on the world market. They allow you to carry out operational, remote interaction on the development and production of products, bringing it to the international market. Despite the variety of possibilities offered by CAD solutions from various companies and vendors, the request for its implementation by enterprises is very limited. The crisis state of the economy and industrial production is also not an incentive to implement such solutions. In this regard, it is necessary, on the one hand, to study in detail the evaluation of the effectiveness of implementing CAD technologies, and on the other hand - the most flexible software products that are adapted to the real capabilities and requirements of a particular enterprise, production process, and final product.

The global trade tariff war triggered by protectionist policies between countries has had a significant impact on the sustainability of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). As a sector that contributes significantly to the Indonesian economy, MSMEs face challenges in the form of rising production costs due to import tariffs on raw materials, decreased competitiveness of export products, and global market uncertainty. This study uses qualitative methods with a literature review to analyze the impact of the global trade tariff war on MSMEs and formulate adaptive strategies that can be taken. The analysis results show that the main strategies that MSMEs can implement include market diversification, domestic market optimization, digitalization and utilization of e-commerce, product innovation based on local wisdom, increased production efficiency, and collaboration with the government and the private sector. By implementing these strategies, MSMEs are expected to be able to survive, be competitive, and continue to contribute as a main pillar of the national economy amidst global trade uncertainty

Based on the results of our research, we have developed a reliable and valid scale for assessing the innovation success of sustainable development practices, with a specific focus on reducing drinking water consumption in the production sector, where so-called industrial water is used (for production, cooling, or both). We found that the assessment of innovation success in sustainable development management practices, specifically aimed at reducing drinking water consumption in the production sector, comprises two dimensions: measuring success in water use innovations and innovative success in water treatment and conservation. The study also found that the assessment of innovation success in sustainable development management practices, particularly focused on reducing drinking water consumption in the production sector, is influenced by reporting on sustainable water management, innovations in organizational systems, innovations in materials and processes for sustainable water use, and analysis with goal setting in water use innovations. This comprehensive analysis provides organizations without established metrics with a tool to identify potential areas for improvement, thereby enhancing ecological methods and increasing production efficiency.

Russia, as one of the largest economies in the world, strives for sustainable and dynamic growth. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to actively develop innovations and invest in human capital. Innovations, playing a key role in the modern economy, make it possible to create new products, services and technologies that increase production efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises. Also, the introduction of innovations contributes to the growth of labor productivity, improvement of product quality and cost reduction. However, the successful development of innovations requires the availability of highly qualified specialists. Human capital, that is, the knowledge, skills and experience of employees, is one of the main resources determining the competitiveness of the economy. In Russia, there is a need to improve the level of education and professional training in order to ensure access to the latest technologies and innovations. For the development of innovation and human capital in Russia, it is necessary to create a favorable investment environment. This includes improving legal regulation, protecting intellectual property, reducing the bureaucratic burden and encouraging investment in research activities. It is also important to develop cooperation between government, business and scientific institutions for the exchange of knowledge and experience. One of the important tasks is the development of innovative infrastructure. This includes the creation of technology parks, innovation centers and accelerators that provide support and financing for startups and innovative projects. Such infrastructure facilities contribute to the development of entrepreneurship and attract investment in innovative projects. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of research activities. Public and private investments in science and research allow the creation of new knowledge and technologies that can then be commercialized. It is also important to develop cooperation between universities, research institutes and enterprises for the exchange of experience and the implementation of joint projects.

The effective development of the Russian market of oil and fat products, as part of the food market, food security is an essential factor. Russia as a whole is fully self-sufficient in oil and it is a major exporter. Russia has the advantage that, in fact, all of its territory is suitable for cultivation of oilseed crops. In fact, in every region can grow oilseeds, which are in demand on the world market. Products include oil and fat industry for products deep processing and multi-functional. The peculiarity of the Russian market of oilseeds is the diversity of its constituent markets. The Russian market is represented by a different range of fat and oil products domestic and foreign manufacturers. In this market, working as large agricultural holdings and small manufacturers, and processors. The purpose of the study is to study on the basis of indicators that characterize the current state of the Russian market of oil and fat products, a comparison of the situation and of the experience of large processors, identify measures to further the efficient and competitive development of the market for the long term. The study used the abstract logic, monographic, economic and statistical methods. In a competitive environment, to stay on the market, Fat organizations form its structure in the form of vertical integration of multidisciplinary groups, in addition to processing plants that include agribusiness organization, logistics units – transportation, elevators, trading houses. For the development of the market of oil and fat products necessary to improve the competitiveness of domestic products, to revive production of traditional domestic oilseeds led to crop rotation, new, high-tech, innovative use of technology, to develop export, search for new markets. The results can then be used to develop long-term programs of development of regions. Conclusions and recommendations will contribute to a competitive mechanism of functioning and development of the domestic market of oil and fat products.

The basic objectives of this study are to evaluate, in the light of the value-added tax theory and nature, the Brazilian experience with this form of taxation. Conceptually, under the value-added tax (VAT), only the net output of the business enterprise in the production distribution process is subject to taxation. The tax liability is separately identified as the product and goes to the final marketing stage through the use of a system of "tax credits." Although the adoption in practical terms of the value- added concept is recent, it was first suggested as early as 1918. In most cases it has been suggested to replace the cumulative turnover tax. In Brazil the transformation of the state turnover tax into the value-added tax was part of the government effort to improve and modernize the whole Brazilian tax structure. The case for adopting the VAT was strongly influenced by the "built-in" anti-evasion device provided by the tax credit device and by the fact that a single-stage tax would worsen the distribution of tax revenues among the states. The adoption of the value-added tax did change the allocation of revenue pattern, with the balance leaning toward the producing states. The impact was, however, greatly reversed by the intergovernmental transfer program. The Brazilian state value-added tax is the most important form of. taxation affecting the agricultural sector. The nondeductibility of purchases of farm equipment or depreciation from the tax base make this tax resemble more closely the gross income type-of VAT which discriminates against investment expenditures. Thus, the ICM might be an important element impairing the modernization of the Brazilian farm sector. In relation to exports, one of the basic objectives of the VAT is to eliminate price distortions caused by indirect taxes. Therefore, the imposition of the tax at a high rate on exports clearly decreases the competitiveness of Brazilian products in the world market.

Farewell to Agriculture? Productivity Trends and the Competitiveness of Agriculture in Central Asia